SMEs’s potentials of Research and Development and the European Union Prospective. A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 184-198
Author(s):  
Isaraj Loreta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
The Eu

SME-s role in the economic development and economic structure is changing drastically, as it is gaining new dimensions the role they have as social agents. This becomes particularly present in the paradigm shift of the EU funding schema and priorities, for member and candidate states, indicating that from catalysts of development they are now considered as important and active agents of Innovation by their R&D potential. The article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of R&D processes in SMEs under the support of the funding programs of European Union collected from the reputed publications. The purpose is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D in SMEs to highlight its role in the performance of these businesses in particular and in national and regional economies at the macro level. This paper aims to contribute to current discussions within the field of innovation by further exploring how EU R&D funding policies work in practice.

scholarly journals Whistleblowing systems: A systematic literature review on the design specifications and the consideration of the risk for organizational insiders to blow the whistle

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Sandra Scherbarth ◽  
Stefan Behringer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Comprehensive Database ◽  
Data Basis ◽  
The Eu

Whistleblowing systems as internal company instruments for prevention and detection of compliance violations are increasingly recommended both in academic and practical literature. In the European Union, the discussion is currently activated by the EU legislation for better protection of whistleblowers, which needs to be transferred in national law by the member states end of 2021. This literature review examines the literature for the design specifications developed for whistleblowing systems under consideration of the risk for organizational insiders to blow the whistle. The purpose is to review the design specifications developed in scientific studies, the data basis on which they are built whether and, if so, how the risk for organizational insiders to blow the whistle is taken into account. A comprehensive database of literature has been examined. The result is systematic categorization of the specifications for the design of whistleblowing systems. Moreover, we conclude, that there is a lack of data basis for clear specifications. The research shows that in the design of whistleblowing-systems there is a lack of discussion of the risks for whistleblowers to suffer social and professional disadvantages

scholarly journals Migrant health literacy in the European Union: A systematic literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markia Ward ◽  
Maria Kristiansen ◽  
Kristine Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Literacy Research ◽  
The Eu

Objective: The European Union (EU) has experienced an increasing intake of migrants in recent years. As its population diversifies, new challenges present themselves for healthcare delivery due to communication, cultural differences and health literacy of migrants. In the light of this, this systematic literature review examines the state of the art of migrant health literacy research within the EU. Methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review was conducted in 2013, 2016 and 2018 using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsychINFO. Results: A total of 21 articles were selected for inclusion. EU-related migrant health literacy research dated from 2009, but only a small number of the EU member states were represented. Eight general research themes were identifiable. Definitions of migrants varied, however, or could not be identified within a particular study, which may hamper the further dissemination of research, policy and capacity building. Conclusion: The review shows the evolution of migrant health literacy research in the EU. More research is needed however to support health system responses, to increase the health literacy of migrants and to improve the quality of healthcare in the EU.

Inability to adequately heat a dwelling in the European Union and associated countries’ households

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Kornelia Przedworska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the study presented in the article is to determine the level of energy poverty in households of the European Union (EU) and associated countries, pronounced on the basis of the household's inability to supply its dwellings with adequate heat levels. The method of systematic literature review was applied. An analysis based on Statistics Poland and Eurostat data included the results of the EU-SILC research conducted in the years 2009-2018. The analysis indicated that the average number of households unable to sufficiently heat their homes is decreasing in Europe. However, in some countries, such as Macedonia, Lithuania or Bulgaria, the number of households experiencing energy poverty is still high. In Poland, the scale of this problem is smaller than the EU average. In order to conduct an in-depth analysis for Poland, an assessment was made of the correlation between the energy poverty rate and the average income per person in a household and the level of economic poverty. For this purpose the r-Pearson correlation coefficient was applied.

Migration Policy of the European Union From the Perspectives of Turks in the EU Countries and Syrian Immigrants in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 475-499
Author(s):  
Serkan Ökten ◽  
Azize Ökten
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Resource Collection ◽  
Border Policy ◽  
The Eu

This chapter deals with the adventure of Turkish workers' upcoming 60th year in the Europe and EU's cooperation with Turkey at the wave of immigration based on civil war in Syria to Europe, in accordance with the immigration policy of the European Union. In this context, the question of how the European Union's human rights and freedoms-based rhetoric and its practices on the basis of protectionist border policy are conforming will be answered. In this study, literature review and resource collection are used by evaluating the available resources. As a result, the European Union's human rights and freedom-based rhetoric against the threat of disrupting its own order and welfare is only consistent with the integration of qualified migrants who will provide the workforce that is compatible and in need. However, a rising, prejudiced phenomenon reaching Islamophobia and xenophobia emerged at the social and political framework that is against the immigrants who cannot achieve cultural integration.

scholarly journals Mortality convergence in the enlarged European Union: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1115
Author(s):  
Rok Hrzic ◽  
Tobias Vogt ◽  
Fanny Janssen ◽  
Helmut Brand
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Mortality Differentials ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background The high mortality rates in the European Union (EU) Member States that acceded in 2004 sparked political interest in mortality convergence. Whether mortality is converging in the EU remains unclear. We reviewed the literature on mortality convergence in the post-2004 EU territory as a whole. We also explored whether the study designs influenced the results and whether any determinants of mortality convergence had been empirically examined. Methods A systematic literature review was performed. Our search included scientific databases and the websites of international governmental institutions and European demographic research institutes. Results We uncovered 94 unique records and included seven studies that reported on 36 analyses. There was marked methodological heterogeneity, including in the convergence measures (beta and sigma convergence). All of the beta convergence analyses found narrowing mortality differentials, whereas most of the sigma convergence analyses found widening mortality differentials. The results are robust to the units of analysis and mortality and dispersion measures. Our results also suggest that there is a lack of evidence on the determinants of mortality convergence in the EU. Conclusions There is general agreement that the EU regions and the Member States with high initial mortality rates improved the fastest, but this trend did not lead to overall mortality convergence in the EU. The harmonization of mortality convergence measures and research into determinants of mortality convergence are needed to support future EU cohesion policy. Policy-makers should consider supporting areas that have moderate but stagnant mortality rates, in addition to those with high mortality rates.

scholarly journals Cooperación entre la Unión Europea y América del Sur: enfocado en la I+D+i // Cooperation between the European Union and South America: focused on R+D+i

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (26) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Fernando Javier Moreno Brieva ◽  
Daniel Peñaherrera-Patiño ◽  
Kimberly Domínguez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
América Del Sur ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Eu

En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, con productos que son el resultado de una cadena global, las alianzas entre países ha pasado a ser sustancial, dándole prioridad a la I+D+i, que está directamente relacionada con los niveles de desarrollo de los países. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo central analizar el desarrollo de la cooperación entre la Unión Europea (UE) y los países sudamericanos, focalizándose en la I+D+i. La metodología empleada ha sido a través de la revisión de la literatura, y la realización de análisis estadísticos desde datos provenientes de ambas partes analizadas. Principalmente, se puede concluir que ha existido un acercamiento de los países del bloque europeo con los de América del Sur, posterior a la incorporación de España a la UE; aunque en temas de I+D+i, alrededor de las tres cuartas partes de la cooperación ha sido efectuada con Argentina, Brasil y Chile. AbstractIn an increasingly globalized world, with products that are the result of a global chain, alliances between countries have become substantial, giving priority to R+D+i, which is directly related to the levels of development of the countries. The main objective of this study is to analyze the development of cooperation between the European Union (EU) and the South American countries, focusing on R+D+i. The methodology used has been through the literature review, and the accomplishment of statistical analysis obtained from data of secondary sources, coming from both analyzed parts. Mainly, it can be concluded that there has been a rapprochement of the countries of the European Union with those of South America, after the incorporation of Spain to the EU; although around three quarters of the cooperation has been carried out with Argentina, Brazil and Chile, related to terms of R+D+i.

scholarly journals Serbia in EU and WTO negotiations

Revizor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (91-92) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Sanja Jelisavac-Trošić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

This paper deals with the Republic of Serbia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the European Union (EU). Research is based on a literature review, understanding of current settings in accession, and synthesis of findings. Within the scope of the paper, there was presented genesis of both accession processes and current challenges. Results show that the Republic of Serbia has both interconnected and interdependent negotiations with the EU and WTO, which should be considered for further accession steps as we present within this paper.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

Ensuring sustainable foreign economic relations of countries at the forefront and outskirts of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1980-1996
Author(s):  
T.S. Malakhova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
The Eu

Subject. Foreign economic and trade ties among countries are getting tighter and less predictable in the early 21st century. This directly stems from a growing disparity of partners, especially if it goes about their future cooperation as part of integration groups or international organizations. Communities of experts suggest using various approaches to locally adjusting integration phases, especially implementing the two-speed integration in the European Union. Objectives. The study is an attempt to examine an improvement of foreign economic cooperation and suggest its implementation steps for the European Union. This all is due to considerable inner controversies and problems within the EU, which grow more serious year by year. Methods. The methodological framework comprises the historical logic, dialectical principles, scientific abstraction method. The process and system approach was especially important for justifying the implementation of the above steps. It was used to examine foreign economic relations of partners in the European Union. Results. The article sets forth the theoretical and methodological framework for the geostrategic economic bloc, including a conceptual structure model. I present steps to implement a foreign economic cooperation of partners in the EU in terms of its form. Conclusions and Relevance. Should the form of the foreign economic relations among the EU countries be implemented, counties at the periphery of the EU will be able to become active parties to the integration group.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

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