scholarly journals Relationship of molecular breeding value for beef tenderness with heifer traits through weaning of their first calf

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Cushman ◽  
Gary L. Bennett ◽  
Richard G. Tait ◽  
Anthony K. McNeel ◽  
Eduardo Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals PSVIII-30 Relationship of molecular breeding value for beef tenderness on heifer traits through weaning their first calf

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Gary L Bennett ◽  
Robert Cushman ◽  
Anthony K McNeel ◽  
Eduardo Casas ◽  
Timothy P Smith
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Minor Allele Frequency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Genotypic Distribution

Abstract Selection for beef carcass traits using SNP may have off-target effects on reproduction. Composite cattle (MARC III) were selected for SNP affecting beef tenderness. Selection increased minor allele frequency of a polymorphism in calpastatin (CAST) and changed frequencies of three common haplotypes in µ-calpain (CAPN1) towards 0.33 resulting in heifers of all 18 (3 CAST × 6 CAPN1) genotypes. The minor allele frequency for a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) polymorphism was also increased but was not expected to affect beef tenderness. About 60 heifers were retained over 3 years (N = 187). Retention was based on representing the entire genotypic distribution. Contemporary steers from the population were harvested and measured for meat tenderness using slice shear force. Steer data were used to predict molecular breeding values (MBVSSF; 0.0 to 4.1 kg) for the heifers based on CAST and CAPN1. Traits were analyzed with linear covariates for MBVSSF and number of DGAT1 K alleles (0, 1, or 2), fixed effects appropriate for the trait, and random sire of heifer effects. A 1.0 kg increase in heifer MBVSSF was associated (P ≤ 0.05) with 5.6 ± 2.8 d earlier puberty and a 0.73 ± 0.36 kg increase in birth weight of their first calf. Pregnancy rates were not affected but would have had to exceed 5 to 6 % per kg MBVSSF to be significant. A larger experiment would be needed to detect differences that are smaller but still economically important. Regression coefficients for DGAT1 were significant for pre-calving hip height (0.78 ± 0.37 cm) and 26-mo weight (7.2 ± 3.6 kg). Within the precision of this experiment, selecting for more tender MBVSSF or for DGAT1 appears to have little negative effect on economically important traits in heifers but may increase age at puberty. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

scholarly journals Coefficients of relationship and inbreeding among Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. VAHLSTEN ◽  
E. MÄNTYSAARI ◽  
I. STRANDÉN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coefficient Of Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Friesian Cows

Pedigree data from national breeding value evaluations were used in calculation of the coefficient and rate of inbreeding, average coefficient and rate of relationship and generation intervals for the Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle populations. The data had 1,366,555 Ayrshire and 377,869 Holstein-Friesian animals. The mean coefficient of inbreeding for Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian animals born in the 1990s was 2.29% and 0.90%, respectively, and the trend was towards higher inbreeding values. The average coefficient of relationship, mean increase in inbreeding and generation interval was calculated for bulls born between 1976 and 1999, and for cows born between 1986 and 1999. The mean coefficient of relationship of Ayrshire bulls increased 2.22 %-units per generation and inbreeding increased 0.20 %-units per generation during the years studied. The mean coefficient of relationship of Finnish Holstein-Friesian bulls increased 0.96 %-units per generation and inbreeding 0.17 %-units per generation. The mean coefficient of relationship and inbreeding of Ayrshire cows increased 0.38 %-units and 0.31 %-units per generation, respectively. For Holstein-Friesian cows the mean coefficient of relationship and inbreeding increased 0.25 %-units and 0.11 %-units per generation, respectively. Results show that inbreeding is low and it is increasing slowly in both breeds. However, especially the coefficients of relationship of Ayrshire bulls are high in some age classes and this may lead into faster increase in coefficients of inbreeding.;

PSXV-2 The relationship of quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity in Kazakh white-headed bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lapshina ◽  
Shakur Makaev ◽  
Svyatoslav Lebedev ◽  
Kinispay Dzhulamanov ◽  
Nikolay Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Lifetime assessment and selection of animals based on meat quality indicators is difficult. For this purpose, the analysis of the correlation between the main features of the breeding value of Kazakh white-headed bulls and quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity was carried out. Bulls (n = 12) was slaughtered at the age of 15 months. The results show that the live weight with an average strength correlates with carcass weight (r=0.61; P < 0.05), with rib eye area (r=0.46), and the weight of visceralfat (r=0.51). It should also be noted the positive relationship of weight growth with the dry matter content in minced meat (r=0.46), which is realized due to fat deposition in the carcass (r=0.52). The lifetime assessment of the body conformation score is on average positively correlated with the content of dry matter (r=0.54) and protein (r=0.55) in m. longissimus dorsi. There is a positive correlation of the height in the sacrum with carcass weight (r=0.44), with the content of dry matter and protein in m. longissimus dorsi (r=0.46), with the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (r=0.43), as well as a negative relationship (r=-0.43) of the height in the sacrum with the content of non-essential amino acids in meat. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids is significantly (P < 0.05) determined by the growth weight (r=0.67) and carcass weight (r=0.67). A strong negative relationship (r=-0.61...-0.71) was found between the slaughter indicators and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, the high growth rate negatively affects the quality of beef lipids. There is an inversely proportional relationship between the weight of visceral fat and intramuscular fat (r=-0.79; P < 0.01), which indicates a divergent lipogenesis in the body. The rib eye area weakly correlates with the biological value of beef. This research was performed with financial support from the project of RAS 0526-2021-0001.

scholarly journals 171 Molecular breeding value prediction of pregnancy rate in Holstein dairy cows managed in a heat-stressed environment using candidate gene SNP

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
R. Zamorano-Algandar ◽  
J. C. Leyva-Corona ◽  
R. I. Luna-Ramirez ◽  
G. Luna-Nevarez ◽  
G. Rincon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Value Prediction ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

scholarly journals PSVI-39 Molecular breeding value prediction of vaccination response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in replacement gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Carlos Martin Aguilar-Trejo ◽  
Guillermo Luna-Nevárez ◽  
Javier Alonso Romo-Rubio ◽  
Milton G Thomas ◽  
R Mark Enns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
Vaccination Response

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease that severely affects the Mexican swine industry. Vaccination of replacement gilts is mostly used to prevent PRRS; however, individual response to this protocol is highly-variable. The objective herein was to predict vaccination response against PRRS virus in gilts using molecular markers associated to rectal temperature (RT) and average daily weight gain (ADG). The study included 6-month old replacement gilts (n = 100) with a breed composition of ¾ Landrace x ¼ Yorkshire. Gilts were vaccinated with a modified live PRRS-virus (day 0) and kept inside the quarantine area on a farm where the gilts were lately exposed to PRRS. Data from RT and ADG were recorded weekly from day -7 through 35. Individual blood samples were collected at day 40, spotted onto FTA cards, and processed for genomic analyses using a 10k low-density SNP chip. Resulting genotypes were analyzed using a multi-locus mixed model, which identified 59 SNP associated with RT and ADG. These SNP were validated using a mixed-effects model which included SNP genotype and age of dam as fixed effects, and sire as random effect; then, their allele substitution effects were calculated. The additive effects for each SNP that showed a significant association (P < 0.05) with either RT or ADG were summed to calculate their corresponding molecular breeding value (MBV). The mean MBV were 0.28±0.04°C and 0.21± .05kg for RT and ADG, respectively. A reduced regression model which only included MBV was used to predict both RT and ADG. Coefficients of determination were 4.26 and 3.87% for RT and ADG, respectively (P < 0.01). These results suggest that only a small proportion of the phenotypic variance for RT and ADG was explained by SNP genotypes. We suggest additional studies to determine if the highly-variable vaccination response to PRRS is influenced by genetics.

scholarly journals Emerging Paradigms in Genomics-Based Crop Improvement

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Bohra
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Genome Wide

Next generation sequencing platforms and high-throughput genotyping assays have remarkably expedited the pace of development of genomic tools and resources for several crops. Complementing the technological developments, conceptual shifts have also been witnessed in designing experimental populations. Availability of second generation mapping populations encompassing multiple alleles, multiple traits, and extensive recombination events is radically changing the phenomenon of classical QTL mapping. Additionally, the rising molecular breeding approaches like marker assisted recurrent selection (MARS) that are able to harness several QTLs are of particular importance in obtaining a “designed” genotype carrying the most desirable combinations of favourable alleles. Furthermore, rapid generation of genome-wide marker data coupled with easy access to precise and accurate phenotypic screens enable large-scale exploitation of LD not only to discover novel QTLs via whole genome association scans but also to practise genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV)-based selection of genotypes. Given refinements being experienced in analytical methods and software tools, the multiparent populations will be the resource of choice to undertake genome wide association studies (GWAS), multiparent MARS, and genomic selection (GS). With this, it is envisioned that these high-throughput and high-power molecular breeding methods would greatly assist in exploiting the enormous potential underlying breeding by design approach to facilitate accelerated crop improvement.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

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