Feeling empowered and doing good? A psychological mechanism of empowerment, self-esteem, perceived trust, and OCBs

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 104356
Author(s):  
Emily Ma ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Feng Zeng Xu ◽  
Danni Wang ◽  
Misun (Sunny) Kim
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Perceived Trust ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

scholarly journals Exploration of Psychological Mechanism of Smartphone Addiction Among International Students of China by Selecting the Framework of the I-PACE Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Mehmood ◽  
Tianyi Bu ◽  
Erying Zhao ◽  
Viktoriia Zelenina ◽  
Nikishov Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Academic Goals ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Execution Model ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

The I-PACE (interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution) model explains that the causes of addiction are the result of individual susceptibility (genetic and personality), psychopathological factors (negative emotions), and cognitive and affective factor interaction. The issue of smartphone addiction and its emerging effects are now becoming an essential social enigma. This study is aimed at exploring how personal, affective, cognitive, and execution factors accelerate the mechanism of smartphone addiction among international students. Randomly selected, six hundred international students have constituted the population for our study. All participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire included demographics (gender, place of stay, educational level, and reason for smartphone usage), Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. 20.3% (n = 122) of international students are agonized with smartphone addiction, while 79.7% (n = 478) use smartphones at an average level. Students’ place of stay, neuroticism personality, social desirability, self-esteem, loneliness, depression, perceived stress, and passive coping are associated with smartphone addiction. Loneliness and depression show a strong positive significant correlation, among other variables while loneliness, neurotic personality, depression, low self-esteem, stress, and passive coping are risk factors for smartphone addiction. This study reveals that international students are a high-risk group for smartphone addiction. It has a great deal of impact on students’ behavior and psyche. Multiple social, psychological, affective, and cognitive factors affect smartphone addiction. It would be beneficial to direct the students to limit their phone usage and indulge in other healthy physical activities to complete academic goals.

scholarly journals Insight in psychosis: influence of cognitive ability and self-esteem

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Cooke ◽  
Emmanuelle R. Peters ◽  
Kathryn E. Greenwood ◽  
Peter L. Fisher ◽  
Veena Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundInsight in psychosis has previously been associated with both depression and cognitive ability. Some studies have found a curvilinear relationship between insight and cognitive ability but the roles of self-esteem and depression have not been taken into account.AimsTo investigate the relationships between insight and IQ, depression, and self-esteem.MethodCorrelations between self-reported and observer-rated insight, and measures of IQ, depression and self-esteem were examined in 67 people with psychosis.ResultsBetter self-reported insight was associated with higher IQ and poorer self-esteem, but not depression. There was some evidence for a curvilinear relationship between IQ and self-reported insight, specifically the ‘awareness of illness' dimension, which survived correction for symptom variables.ConclusionsThe relationship between insight and IQ might reflect both the basis of insight in intellectual ability and the influence of a psychological mechanism that preserves self-esteem.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem, Weight Status, and Trying to Lose Weight During Young Adulthood: The Roles of Sex and Ethnicity/Race

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Author(s):  
Roni Elran-Barak
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Us ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

Objectives: This study sought to examine sex and ethnicity/race differences in the associations between self-esteem, weight status, and trying to lose weight among young adults in the United States.Methods: Data were drawn from Wave III (2001/2002) of the US National Longitu­dinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health public-use sample). Body mass index (BMI) was measured during in-home visits. Weight-loss patterns, self-esteem, and sociodemographics were assessed via self-reports. Logistic regression models were fitted among 4,594 young adults who were aged 21.8 (SD=1.8) years.Results: Obesity was associated with rela­tively poor self-esteem among both African American (P=.007) and White females (P<.006). In comparison to not trying to lose weight, trying to lose weight was associ­ated with poorer self-esteem among nor­mal-weight (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.03–1.47) and overweight (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.07– 1.72) White females, but not among White females with obesity (OR=1.19, 95% CI=.92–1.55), African American females (OR=.81, 95% CI=.57–1.17), or males (OR=1.00, 95% CI=.88–1.14).Conclusion: The decision to lose weight was linked with poor self-esteem solely among normal-weight and overweight White females. African American and White females with obesity presented with rela­tively poor self-esteem, but their decision to lose weight was not linked with their self-esteem. More studies are needed to under­stand the psychological mechanism behind the decision to lose weight among White females with obesity, African American fe­males, and males. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):485-494. doi:10.18865/ed.29.3.485

Unemployment, Self-esteem, and Depression: Differences between Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Álvaro ◽  
Alicia Garrido ◽  
Cícero Roberto Pereira ◽  
Ana Raquel Torres ◽  
Sabrina Cavalcanti Barros
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

AbstractAlthough there is a vast bibliography on the negative consequences of unemployment for mental health, there are no studies that analyze the differences between men and women in relation to the consequences that unemployment could have simultaneously on self-esteem and depression. The main objective of this study was to analyze whether, unemployment is differentially associated with the self-esteem of men and women, and to test whether this circumstance can be considered a psychological mechanism by which we could explain differences in depression for men and women. Results show that self-esteem is a mediating variable (indirect effect = .11; 90% CI [.04, .19]), considering its differential impact on depression, but this mediation is moderated by the gender of the respondents (b = .21, 90% IC [.01, .40]. In summary, unemployment is associated with lower self-esteem, which in turn is related to greater depressive symptoms. This relationship is only observed for men and not for women.

The Doctrine of Double Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Anna Bogatyńska-Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Double Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Doctrine Of Double Effect ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
Double Effect Principle

The aim of the article is to present some of the differences and similari- ties in various versions of the double effect principle (DDE or PDE). The following formulations will be analyzed: that of Thomas Aquinas and two contemporary ap- proaches, namely those of Mangan and Boyle. It will be shown that the presented modern versions vary significantly and the distinction between their intended and only predicted effects is far from clear. As a result, the different contemporary for- mulations of DDE lead to contradictory conclusions, with some justifying what the others condemn. Moreover, it will be demonstrated that, unlike Aquinas, contem- porary authors mostly concentrate on unintentionality condition while neglecting the proportionality requirement. So, unlike Aquinas, they only take into account a narrow scope of cases, where the evil effect occurs with certainty, which leads to a complicated and intricate hypothetical intention test like Donagan’s. It will be shown that, besides its theoretical indistinctness, DDE lead to serious pragmatic risks. It can be quite easily misused as a kind of psychological mechanism to protect self-esteem from a sense of guilt since wrong-doing is treated as merely a predicted unintended effect.

scholarly journals Between-Sex Differences in Romantic Jealousy: Substance or Spin? A Qualitative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 147470491201000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Fussell ◽  
Brian T. Stollery
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Romantic Jealousy ◽  
Evolutionary Account ◽  
Relationship Threat ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

An influential evolutionary account of romantic jealousy proposes that natural selection shaped a specific sexually-dimorphic psychological mechanism in response to relationship threat. However, this account has faced considerable theoretical and methodological criticism and it remains unclear whether putative sex differences in romantic jealousy actually exist and, if they do, whether they are consistent with its predictions. Given the multidimensional nature of romantic jealousy, the current study employed a qualitative design to examine these issues. We report the results of sixteen semi-structured interviews that were conducted with heterosexual men and women with the purpose of exploring the emotions, cognitions and behaviors that formed their subjective, lived experience in response to relationship threat. Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed four super-ordinate themes (“threat appraisal”, “emotional episodes”, “sex-specific threat” and “forgive and forget”) and unequivocal sex differences in romantic jealousy consistent with the evolutionary account. Self-esteem, particularly when conceptualized as an index of mate value, emerged as an important proximal mediator for both sexes. However, specific outcomes were dependent upon domains central to the individual's self concept that were primarily sex-specific. The findings are integrated within the context of existing self-esteem and evolutionary theory and future directions for romantic jealousy research are suggested.

Building Emotional Intelligence for Student Success: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445-1461
Author(s):  
Amee P. Shah ◽  
Mary Lou Galantino
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Communication Competence ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Empowerment Model ◽  
Dyad Interaction ◽  
Relational Management

Purpose Nationwide, upward trends exist in student issues with anxiety, stress, depression, and lowered classroom performance. As emotional awareness and emotional regulation skills are typically not addressed in professional discipline-specific courses, students experience challenges in their academic performance. This pilot research explored the effect of brief targeted classroom practices within an empowerment-based framework on domains of emotional intelligence. Method Twenty-two students in an undergraduate speech-language pathology class received a 13-week, biweekly, 15-min session of empowerment-based worksheet exercises to develop increased self-esteem, emotional awareness and regulation, and communication. Assessments of self-esteem, emotional intelligence, communication competence, and communication apprehension were conducted using validated scales, namely, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale ( Rosenberg, 1965 ), the Quick Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment ( Mohapel, 2015 ), the Self-Perceived Communication Competence Scale ( McCroskey & McCroskey, 2013 ), and the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension ( McCroskey, 1982 ), respectively. Midsemester and semester-end student reflections were collected. Results Paired t tests were significant in self-esteem and emotional quotient, including subdomains of emotional awareness, emotional management, social emotional awareness, and relational management. Significance was noted in communication competence in the subdomains of dyad interaction, stranger interaction, and acquaintance. Students' reflection showed significant improvement in empowerment and self-rated improvements in confidence, communication, connections with peers, and trust with instructor. Conclusion Preliminary evidence demonstrates positive outcomes with integration of intentional classroom exercises to build emotional intelligence (including emotional awareness and regulation), self-esteem, and communication. This empowerment model may assist faculty in developing effective pedagogical strategies to build students' self-resiliency.

Counseling Adolescents With Hearing Loss Using a Narrative Therapy Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Nelson Crowell ◽  
Julie Hanenburg ◽  
Amy Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Narrative Therapy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Therapy Approach ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Counseling Adolescents

Abstract Audiologists have a responsibility to counsel patients with auditory concerns on methods to manage the inherent challenges associated with hearing loss at every point in the process: evaluation, hearing aid fitting, and follow-up visits. Adolescents with hearing loss struggle with the typical developmental challenges along with communicative challenges that can erode one's self-esteem and self-worth. The feeling of “not being connected” to peers can result in feelings of isolation and depression. This article advocates the use of a Narrative Therapy approach to counseling adolescents with hearing loss. Adolescents with hearing loss often have problem-saturated narratives regarding various components of their daily life, friendships, amplification, academics, etc. Audiologists can work with adolescents with hearing loss to deconstruct the problem-saturated narratives and rebuild the narratives into a more empowering message. As the adolescent retells their positive narrative, they are likely to experience increased self-esteem and self-worth.

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