scholarly journals How public interest and concerns about autonomous vehicles change over time: A study of repeated cross-sectional travel survey data of the Puget Sound Region in the Northwest United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 103446
Author(s):  
Jingyi Xiao ◽  
Konstadinos G. Goulias
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Travel Survey ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Puget Sound Region

Modeling the Evolution of Ride-Hailing Adoption and Usage: A Case Study of the Puget Sound Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096478
Author(s):  
Felipe F. Dias ◽  
Taehooie Kim ◽  
Chandra R. Bhat ◽  
Ram M. Pendyala ◽  
William H. K. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Selection ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Binary Probit ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Puget Sound Region

Ride-hailing services have grown in cities around the world. There are, however, few studies and even fewer publicly available data sources that provide a basis to understand and quantify changes in ride-hailing usage over time. Ride-hailing use may change over time because of socio-demographic shifts, economic and technological changes, and service attribute enhancements, as well as changes in unobserved attributes such as attitudes and perceptions, lifestyle preferences, technology savviness, and social influences. It is important to quantify the effects of these different forces on ride-hailing frequency so that robust forecasts of ride-hailing use can be developed. This paper uses repeated cross-sectional data collected in 2015 and 2017 in the Puget Sound region to analyze the differential effects of socio-demographic variables on the evolution of ride-hailing adoption and usage. By doing so, the study is able to isolate and quantify the pure effect of the passage of time on adoption of ride-hailing services. A joint binary probit-ordered probit model is estimated on the pooled dataset to explicitly account for sample-selection differences between the 2015 and 2017 surveys that may affect estimates of ride-hailing adoption in the two years. Model estimation results are used to compute average treatment effects of different variables on ride-hailing usage over time. It is found that the effects of most demographic variables on individuals’ propensity to use ride-hailing are softening over time, leading to reduced differences in ride-hailing use among market segments. This suggests that there is a “democratization” of ride-hailing services over time.

“Change over time in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris between 2004 and 2016 in Iran”: A multiple cross‐sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. e12827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Salarvand ◽  
Zahra Fatehi ◽  
Maryam Shahali ◽  
Kamran Balighi ◽  
Maryam Ghiasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Multiple Cross ◽  
Over Time

“Justice of the Marketplace”: Legal Disputes and Economic Activity on America's Northeastern Frontier, 1700–1860

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zorina Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Community Norms ◽  
Over Time

The analysis of markets, courts, and civil litigation on the northeastern frontier of the United States provides a valuable opportunity to assess the evolution of institutions during economic development. The data set pools longitudinal and cross-sectional observations on 30,000 lawsuits filed in Maine during the critical period between 1700 and 1860. The earliest legal institutions moderated both social and economic norms, but courts quickly began to specialize in commercial issues. The residence of debtors and creditors and changes in spatial characteristics over time yield insights into the nature and extent of capital markets and impersonal exchange. The distribution and disposition of property and debt cases indicate that early markets were well developed and orderly; the evidence of “social tension” between debtors and creditors was minimal. The results do not support the standard claim of a transition from interactions based on community norms to impersonal market exchange late in the eighteenth century.

U.S. Leadership in a Shrinking World: The Breakdown of Consensuses and the Emergence of Conflicting Belief Systems

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Rosenau ◽  
Ole R. Holsti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The adaptation of the United States to its declining role as a superpower is examined through an inquiry into the belief systems of the society's leaders. Three sets of mutually exclusive domestic policy belief systems are identified, along with three sets of mutually exclusive foreign policy belief systems. The degree to which they are linked to each other is explored, and the connections are found to be tenuous—suggesting that the cleavages at work in American society are more enduring and less subject to change than may be readily apparent. The last section of the paper uses more recent data from a sample of American leaders to examine the degree to which foreign policy belief systems are susceptible to change over time, allowing for an analysis of the extent to which the hostage crisis in Iran and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan affected pre-existing belief systems. The overall finding is that the impact was negligible, and that foreign policy belief systems are largely resistant to change.

Longitudinal Associations of Conscientiousness and Neuroticism With Perceived Mastery and Constraints for Aging Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752199289
Author(s):  
Masahiro Toyama ◽  
Heather R. Fuller ◽  
Joel M. Hektner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Perceived Constraints ◽  
Over Time

It has not been well understood how conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with two related but distinct dimensions of perceived control (i.e., perceived mastery and constraints) among aging adults. The present study examined these associations and their change over time, while addressing whether they differ by age or gender. For respondents aged 50+ at baseline (N = 2,768) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, multilevel modeling analyses were conducted to assess how conscientiousness and neuroticism predicted perceived mastery and constraints over 2 decades. As expected, higher conscientiousness and lower neuroticism (for both between- and within-person variability) predicted higher perceived mastery and lower perceived constraints overall. Nuanced findings emerged related to age, gender and change over time for different associations of conscientiousness and neuroticism with the outcomes. These findings can inform future research suggesting directions of further investigations for these complex associations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 impact on mental health

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Cui ◽  
Jingwei Lu ◽  
Yijia Weng ◽  
Grace Y. Yi ◽  
Wenqing He
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a significant influence on public mental health. Current efforts focus on alleviating the impacts of the disease on public health and the economy, with the psychological effects due to COVID-19 relatively ignored. In this research, we are interested in exploring the quantitative characterization of the pandemic impact on public mental health by studying an online survey dataset of the United States. Methods The analyses are conducted based on a large scale of online mental health-related survey study in the United States, conducted over 12 consecutive weeks from April 23, 2020 to July 21, 2020. We are interested in examining the risk factors that have a significant impact on mental health as well as in their estimated effects over time. We employ the multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) method to deal with missing values and take logistic regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) method to identify risk factors for mental health. Results Our analysis shows that risk predictors for an individual to experience mental health issues include the pandemic situation of the State where the individual resides, age, gender, race, marital status, health conditions, the number of household members, employment status, the level of confidence of the future food affordability, availability of health insurance, mortgage status, and the information of kids enrolling in school. The effects of most of the predictors seem to change over time though the degree varies for different risk factors. The effects of risk factors, such as States and gender show noticeable change over time, whereas the factor age exhibits seemingly unchanged effects over time. Conclusions The analysis results unveil evidence-based findings to identify the groups who are psychologically vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides helpful evidence for assisting healthcare providers and policymakers to take steps for mitigating the pandemic effects on public mental health, especially in boosting public health care, improving public confidence in future food conditions, and creating more job opportunities. Trial registration This article does not report the results of a health care intervention on human participants.

scholarly journals Introduction

Focaal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (79) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Susser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Grassroots Movements ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Urban Commons ◽  
Over Time

It seems crucial to research the transformative aspects of progressive grassroots movements in the face of the troubling turn to the right in elections in the United States and parts of Europe. This theme section considers “commoning” as one way to understand the emergence of social movements in Europe and the United States. The articles analyze different protests from housing movements, to anti-antiblack insurgency, redefinitions of the tax code, and the squares movement. The articles consider how movements around the urban commons change over time, differ from more traditional social movements, and address or emerge from the specifics of contemporary regimes. The aim is to develop a theoretical perspective on commoning, which will provide a framework for comparison across societies at this juncture.

scholarly journals After Postmaterialism: An Essay on China, Russia and the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brym
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older People ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative Development ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Over Time

The postmaterialist thesis makes two main claims. First, over time, rising affluence enables many people to substantially satisfy their need for security and economic sustenance, allowing them to focus on pursuing personal autonomy and self-expression. Second, at a given time, younger people, individuals in higher socio-economic positions and wealthier societies tend to be more postmaterialistic than are older people, individuals in lower socio-economic positions and poorer societies. Cursory analysis of American, Chinese and Russian survey data since the late 1980s demonstrates that some of these generalizations are difficult to sustain. While postmaterialism may have been on the rise in some countries in the last decades of the 20th century, it seems now to be a waning force among major world powers, giving way to increasing nationalism and xenophobia. The absence in postmaterialist theory of an adequate explanation for this trend suggests the need to pay more attention to the causes of alternative development paths. Two such causes are outlined in this essay: intensifying geopolitical rivalries and growing economic inequality.

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