Temperature and Moisture Variation in Pavement Structures of the Test Road

To investigate suitability of the perpetual pavement under ultra-heavy loads, a test road was constructed on expressway in Shandong province of China. There were five pavement structures include semi-rigid asphalt pavement, each was instrumented with gages for measuring the strains of asphalt base layer, the vertical stress of subgrade, temperature of asphalt layers. The analysis of the strain data indicated that the strain values are affected by the temperature, the vehicle load, axle type, and the pavement structure combination. To research the response of different structure, tested different axle and load at different temperature, then different pavement response models were developed that accounts for layer thickness, axles load, pavement temperature and equivalent modulus of pavement foundation. The models provides good references under heavy vehicle loading and China local climate, it will be useful for perpetual pavement design.

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Performance Evaluation of Different Insulating Materials using Field Temperature and Moisture Data

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211003572 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110035

Author(s):

Yunyan Huang ◽

Mohamad Molavi Nojumi ◽

Leila Hashemian ◽

Alireza Bayat

Keyword(s):

Bottom Ash ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Base Layer ◽

Insulation Materials ◽

Test Road ◽

Common Strategy ◽

Control Section ◽

Pavement Structures ◽

Pavement Base ◽

Frost Penetration

Including insulation layers in pavement structures has become a common strategy to minimize frost penetration in cold regions. This study investigated the performance of two different insulation materials, extruded polystyrene board and bottom ash, in a test road in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, eight years after construction. The two insulation materials were used in a fully instrumented test road, including three insulated sections 20 m in length. The insulated sections are as follows: the first section has 1 m of bottom ash (B. Ash), the second section has a 10 cm polystyrene layer (Poly-10), and the third section has a 5 cm polystyrene layer (Poly-5). Both B. Ash and polystyrene layers were placed on top of the subgrade layer, at a depth of 70 cm from the surface. A conventional section next to these three sections was used as the control section. Volumetric water content data and temperature variation were used to analyze the influence of the insulation materials on the subgrade. It was concluded that both B. Ash and Poly-10 layers protected the subgrade from freezing. The Poly-10 section showed the lowest rate of change in subgrade temperature during the monitoring period. B. Ash and Poly-10 reduced the frost depth by 23% and 70% compared with the control section, respectively. It was concluded that Poly-10 protected the subgrade soil from freezing and excessive moisture more effectively than B. Ash; however, the temperature in the layer above the insulation layers (pavement base layer) was significantly lower during winter for the Poly-10 section.

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Long Term Monitoring of Performance Characteristics of the Pavement Test Track

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.229 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 853 ◽

pp. 229-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Donatas Čygas ◽

Alfredas Laurinavičius ◽

Audrius Vaitkus ◽

Zigmantas Perveneckas

Keyword(s):

Response Analysis ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Lane ◽

Road Section ◽

Traffic Loads ◽

Test Road ◽

Pavement Structures ◽

On The Road ◽

Term Monitoring

This paper presents the first experimental pavement test road section in Lithuania including pavement design, annual measurements, data acquisition and response analysis. The road of experimental pavement structures was constructed in 2007. It’s laid on the road to the query, one traffic lane is used by loaded traffic and other – by unloaded traffic. The road consists of 27 different pavement structures with the same class of pavement structure but the different type and composition of materials. Final results after five years of monitoring indicate the performance of typical Lithuania flexible pavement structures influenced by different traffic loads. The total number of ESAL’s (100 kN) in February 2013 was 353 000.

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Performance of asphalt pavement structures in test road sections

The 9th International Conference "Environmental Engineering 2014" ◽

10.3846/enviro.2014.183 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Žiliūtė ◽

Miglė Paliukaitė ◽

Algirdas Motiejūnas ◽

Ovidijus Šernas ◽

Donatas Čygas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Test Road ◽

Pavement Structures

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Evaluation of Unbound Aggregate Base Layers using Moisture Monitoring Data

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119833681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (3) ◽

pp. 399-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eyoab Zegeye Teshale ◽

Dai Shongtao ◽

Lubinda F. Walubita

Keyword(s):

Fine Particles ◽

Valuable Contribution ◽

Base Materials ◽

Moisture Variation ◽

Study Results ◽

Overall Performance ◽

Pavement Structures ◽

Aggregate Base ◽

Unbound Aggregate

The behaviors of unbound aggregate base (UAB) and subgrade layers are considerably affected by seasonal moisture fluctuations which ultimately affect both their load-bearing capacity and the overall performance of the pavement structure. As part of an effort towards designing optimal performing pavements, this study was undertaken to evaluate, characterize, and quantify the effects of moisture and temperature variations on UAB and subgrade materials commonly used in Minnesota. The scope included analyses of subsurface moisture and temperature measurements and characterization of moisture variation in multiple instrumented pavement sections. Key findings indicated that dense-graded aggregate base materials with high quality crushed aggregates and lower fine particles were more resistant to seasonal moisture variations. By contrast, the subbase and subgrade materials exhibited considerable sensitivity to seasonal moisture variations. The subgrade layers, in particular, were found to operate in fully saturated conditions for more than half of their service life. Overall, the study results are a valuable contribution to establishing guidelines for laboratory testing and designing optimal performing pavement structures.

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Insights and Findings Following 11 Years of Test Road Exploitation

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10121161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1161

Author(s):

Laura Žalimienė ◽

Audrius Vaitkus ◽

Donatas Čygas

Keyword(s):

Bearing Capacity ◽

Building Materials ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Road Pavement ◽

Test Road ◽

Pavement Structures ◽

Base Course ◽

Sand Base ◽

Aggregate Base

Road pavement is one of the most important components of road structure. Long-term monitoring changes in the state of road pavement under real conditions of load and climate allows to determine surface degradation mechanisms, select sustainable road building materials and their mixes, rationally employ asphalt paving technologies, and improve quality control. For a number of years, road pavement structures have been studied that should best meet the Lithuanian climate conditions and withstand the increasing impact of vehicle load. Thus, for that purpose, specially designed, constructed and tested roads or road sections for different pavement structures are most appropriate. One of those was constructed in 2007. The experimental road (hereinafter, the Test Road) consisted of 27 different pavement structures (PSs) produced of various materials. The study aims to evaluate the effect of different materials on variations in the bearing capacity of the pavement structure (PS), the sustainability of the structure, and the formation of ruts in 2007–2018. In this way, difference in bearing capacity, rutting depth between sections, and loaded and unloaded lanes was estimated. Further, the statistical analysis of these factors was conducted. Investigations have shown that the minimum bearing capacity of 754 MPa established after 11 years did not affect the formation of rut depth that was less than 1.0 cm. The PSs covered with the used asphalt granules, a larger asphalt base course on gravel, the sand mix base course, and granite aggregate mixed with sand base course were accepted as one of the PSs with the highest bearing capacity with PSs exceeding 929 MPa. The bearing capacity of the PS containing a 20 cm aggregate base course is on average higher by 30 MPa than PS holding a 15 cm aggregate base course.

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Strategies to Facilitate Photovoltaic Applications in Road Structures for Energy Harvesting

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7097

Author(s):

Yiqing Dai ◽

Yan Yin ◽

Yundi Lu

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Traffic Load ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Suburban Areas ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽

Operational Temperature ◽

Test Road ◽

Pavement Structures

Photovoltaic (PV) facilities are sustainable and promising approaches for energy harvesting, but their applications usually require adequate spaces. Road structures account for a considerable proportion of urban and suburban areas and may be feasible for incorporation with photovoltaic facilities, and thereby have attracted research interests. One solution for such applications is to take advantage of the spare ground in road facilities without traffic load, where the solar panels are mounted as their conventional applications. Such practices have been applied in medians and slopes of roads and open spaces in interchanges. Applications in accessory buildings and facilities including noise/wind barriers, parking lots, and lightings have also been reported. More efforts in existing researches have been paid to PV applications in load-bearing pavement structures, possibly because the pavement structures cover the major area of road structures. Current strategies are encapsulating PV cells by transparent coverings to different substrates to prefabricate modular PV panels in factories for onsite installation. Test road sections with such modular solar panels have been reported, where inferior cost-effectiveness and difficulties in maintenance have been evidenced, suggesting more challenges exist than expected. In order to enhance the power output of the integrated PV facilities, experiences from building-integrated PVs may be helpful, including a selection of proper PV technologies, an optimized inclination of PV panels, and mitigating the operational temperature of PV cells. Novel integrations of amorphous silicon PV cells and glass fiber reinforced polymer profiles are proposed in this research for multi-scenario applications, and their mechanical robustness was evaluated by bending experiments.

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Examination of moisture content variation within an operational wet deck

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj12.1.45 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

LAURENCE SCHIMLECK ◽

KIM LOVE-MYERS ◽

JOE SANDERS ◽

HEATH RAYBON ◽

RICHARD DANIELS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Forest Products ◽

Time Domain Reflectometry ◽

Water Application ◽

Wood Moisture ◽

International Paper ◽

Content Variation ◽

Moisture Variation

Many forest products companies in the southeastern United States store large volumes of roundwood under wet storage. Log quality depends on maintaining a high and constant wood moisture content; however, limited knowledge exists regarding moisture variation within individual logs, and within wet decks as a whole, making it impossible to recommend appropriate water application strategies. To better understand moisture variation within a wet deck, time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor the moisture variation of 30 southern pine logs over an 11-week period for a wet deck at the International Paper McBean woodyard. Three 125 mm long TDR probes were inserted into each log (before the deck was built) at 3, 4.5, and 7.5 m from the butt. The position of each log within the stack was also recorded. Mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine moisture variation over the study period. Moisture content varied within the log, while position within the stack was generally not significant. The performance of the TDR probes was consistent throughout the study, indicating that they would be suitable for long term (e.g., 12 months) monitoring.

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