scholarly journals Insight into Driver Behavior during Overtaking Maneuvers in Disorderly Traffic: An Instrumented Vehicle Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 719-733
Author(s):  
Bhupali Dutta ◽  
Vinod Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
Insight Into

Estimating Crash Risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Dingus ◽  
Richard J. Hanowski ◽  
Sheila G. Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Insight Into

Naturalistic driving research involves the instrumentation of vehicles, including video cameras, for the purpose of precisely recording participants as they normally drive as well as in the seconds leading up to crashes and near-crashes. The results provide new insight into driver behavior and performance that cannot be gained through traditional empirical approaches. Naturalistic driving studies provide context of the overall driving environment, information that is absent from other methods. This article highlights how results from naturalistic driving research have reshaped our understanding of driver behavior and crash risk, including the fact that some findings are contrary to results from other empirical approaches.

scholarly journals Identifying Driver Behavior in Preturning Maneuvers Using In-Vehicle CANbus Signals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zardosht ◽  
S. S. Beauchemin ◽  
M. A. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Driving Period

Our objective in this contribution is to categorize driver behavior in terms of preturning maneuvers. We analyze driving behavior in an urban environment prior to turns using data obtained from the CANbus of an instrumented vehicle during a one-hour driving period for 12 different individuals. CANbus data streams such as vehicle speed, gas pedal pressure, brake pedal pressure, steering wheel angle, and acceleration are collected and analyzed for 5, 10, and 15 seconds of driving prior to each turn. We consider all turns for each driver and extract statistical features from the signals and use cluster analysis to categorize drivers into groups reflecting different driving styles. The results show that using this approach we can effectively cluster drivers into two groups. The results show consistency in the membership within a cluster throughout the different timeframes. We conclude that driver behavior classification from such data streams is possible and we hope in the near future to devise driver descriptors that include additional maneuvers.

Modification of Driver Behavior by Use of Novel Roadway Delineation Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Hungerford ◽  
Thomas H. Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
The Road ◽  
Exploratory Testing ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Perceptual Illusions ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
And Control

The paper describes the results of a study that has as its major objective the modification of driver behavior on high accident horizontal curves through the use of novel delineation systems. Delineation systems are systems of roadway markers that provide the driver with information about the path and demands of the road. A delineation system includes the following elements: (1) delineator type, (2) delineator characteristics such as size, shape, color, message content, and type of reflective material, and (3) delineator system geometry which includes the number of delineators, height of placement, and lateral placement from the road's edge. An extremely large number of different delineation systems can be obtained by changing any of the elements of the delineation system. This research studied three types of delineators: (1) post delineators, (2) raised pavement markers, and (3) transverse stripe pavement markings. Several variations of delineator geometry and delineator characteristics were studied. The hypothesis that was tested was that delineators could be arranged into systems that induce perceptual illusions in drivers concerning a curve's speed and path requirements. The mismatch between actual demands and perceptual demands would result in reduced speeds and lateral placement variability. The research consisted of several phases: (1) static and dynamic psychophysical laboratory testing in a simulated environment, (2) field testing using jury techniques, (3) field testing of road users, and (4) exploratory testing using an instrumented vehicle to collect eye movement and control data. Early phases of the research focused on reducing the large numbers of possible delineation systems to a candidate set of systems that could be evaluated in a field setting. Five different delineations systems were installed at different field sites and evaluated. The conclusion of the study was that delineation systems could be used to modify driver behavior on high accident rural curves in a positive way.

Calibration problems in hydrogen luminosities

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
A. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Structure ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Insight Into

The investigations which I should like to summarize in this paper concern recent photo-electric luminosity determinations of O and B stars. Their final aim has been the derivation of new stellar distances, and some insight into certain patterns of galactic structure.

Stochasting modeling of planetary ring systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Ring System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ultimate State ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Planetary Ring ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThis paper models maximum entropy configurations of idealized gravitational ring systems. Such configurations are of interest because systems generally evolve toward an ultimate state of maximum randomness. For simplicity, attention is confined to ultimate states for which interparticle interactions are no longer of first order importance. The planets, in their orbits about the sun, are one example of such a ring system. The extent to which the present approximation yields insight into ring systems such as Saturn's is explored briefly.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Radiation Damage Studies with the HVEM

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
J. J. Laidler ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Development Laboratory ◽  
Insight Into

One of the major materials problems encountered in the development of fast breeder reactors for commercial power generation is the phenomenon of swelling in core structural components and fuel cladding. This volume expansion, which is due to the retention of lattice vacancies by agglomeration into large polyhedral clusters (voids), may amount to ten percent or greater at goal fluences in some austenitic stainless steels. From a design standpoint, this is an undesirable situation, and it is necessary to obtain experimental confirmation that such excessive volume expansion will not occur in materials selected for core applications in the Fast Flux Test Facility, the prototypic LMFBR now under construction at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL). The HEDL JEM-1000 1 MeV electron microscope is being used to provide an insight into trends of radiation damage accumulation in stainless steels, since it is possible to produce atom displacements at an accelerated rate with 1 MeV electrons, while the specimen is under continuous observation.

Failure Analysis With the Scanning Electron Microscope

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
John R. Devaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Scanning Electron

Occasionally in history, an event may occur which has a profound influence on a technology. Such an event occurred when the scanning electron microscope became commercially available to industry in the mid 60's. Semiconductors were being increasingly used in high-reliability space and military applications both because of their small volume but, also, because of their inherent reliability. However, they did fail, both early in life and sometimes in middle or old age. Why they failed and how to prevent failure or prolong “useful life” was a worry which resulted in a blossoming of sophisticated failure analysis laboratories across the country. By 1966, the ability to build small structure integrated circuits was forging well ahead of techniques available to dissect and analyze these same failures. The arrival of the scanning electron microscope gave these analysts a new insight into failure mechanisms.

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