Numerical assessment of methane number and critical compression ratio of gaseous alternative fuels: CFR engine quasi dimensional simulation approach

One of the challenging issues in the world today is waste management. Improper waste management could be the main source of environmental pollution. In this context, an attempt has been made to prevent the disposal of large quantities of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) from hotels and restaurants and utilize them as a fuel in diesel engines. WCO is one of the viable alternative fuels, used by researchers in Compression Ignition (CI) engines due to its low cost, no toxicity, biodegradability and renewability. In this research, copper oxide (CuO) nano fluids were prepared by an one-step chemical synthesis method in different mass fractions of 15 ppm, 25 ppm, 35ppm and 50 ppm and blended with WCO. Based on the fuel stability, WCOCN25 and WCOCN50 test fuels are considered. The diesel and WCO were considered as base fuels. A fully equipped, single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, direct injection, variable compression ratio diesel engine was used for experimentation. The compression ratio of the engine was varied from 16:1 to 18:1. The engine was loaded at different loading conditions by an eddy current dynamometer to measure the performance and emission parameters for the test fuels. The experimental results have shown that the addition of CuO nano fluids and increasing the compression ratio improved the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of the engine. It is observed that the combustion parameters have been improved due to the higher ignition delay and catalytic activity of CuO nano fluids. In addition, CuO nano fluids have a major role in controlling hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emissions.

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One-Dimensional Simulation of the Combustion Process in an Engine Cylinder with Ethanol

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.447 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 660 ◽

pp. 447-451

Author(s):

Akasyah M. Kathri ◽

Rizalman Mamat ◽

Amir Aziz ◽

Azri Alias ◽

Nik Rosli Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Cylinder Pressure ◽

Ethanol Fuel ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Engine Cylinder ◽

Dimensional Simulation ◽

The One

The diesel engine is one of the most important engines for road vehicles. The engine nowadays operates with different kinds of alternative fuels, such as natural gas and biofuel. The aim of this article is to study the combustion process that occurs in an engine cylinder of a diesel engine when using biofuel. The one-dimensional numerical analysis using GT-Power software is used to simulate the commercial four-cylinder diesel engine. The engine operated at high engine load and speed. The ethanol fuel used in the simulation is derived from the conventional ethanol fuel properties. The analysis of simulations includes the cylinder pressure, combustion temperature and rate of heat release. The simulation results show that in-cylinder pressure and temperature for ethanol is higher than for diesel at any engine speed. However, the mass fraction of ethanol burned is similar to that of diesel. MFB only affects the engine speed.

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An Investigation Into OME3 on a High Compression Ratio Engine

ASME 2020 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2020-2983 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Simon LeBlanc ◽

Navjot Sandhu ◽

Xiao Yu ◽

Xiaoye Han ◽

Meiping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compression Ratio ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Engine Performance ◽

High Compression Ratio ◽

Engine Efficiency ◽

High Compression ◽

Combustion Emissions ◽

Soot Emissions ◽

Chain Lengths

Abstract For decades, alternative fuels have been studied to further engine efficiency and lower combustion emissions. Of these fuels, biodiesel, alcohols, and ethers have shown advantageous benefits of improved mixing capability or reduced combustion emissions. Ether fuels consist of a range of C-O-C chain lengths that offer various noteworthy fuel properties such as fuel oxygen content and cetane number. In this work, oxymethylene dimethyl ether (OME3) and diesel are used as neat and blended fuels on a single-cylinder high compression ratio engine. Four test fuels are investigated in this work; baseline diesel, two diesel/OME3 blends, and neat OME3 fuel. Engine tests are conducted at an engine load of 6 bar and the intake oxygen concentration is modulated via EGR to realize the resulting engine performance, stability, and exhaust emissions among the test fuels. The results show that blending OME3 fuels with diesel is an effective technique to reduce soot emissions with minimal effect on NOx emissions. Moreover, neat OME3 was capable of emitting low NOx and soot emissions with a lower EGR amount than that of diesel-blends, mitigating negative combustion implication of EGR at high levels.

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A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/1468087419859104 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 146808741985910 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guillermo Rubio-Gómez ◽

Lis Corral-Gómez ◽

David Rodriguez-Rosa ◽

Fausto A Sánchez-Cruz ◽

Simón Martínez-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Flame Development ◽

The Impact

In the last few years, increasing concern about the harmful effects of the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines has been observed. In addition, the limited availability of crude oil has driven the interest in alternative fuels, especially biofuels. In the context of spark ignition engines, bioalcohols are of great interest owing to their similarities and blend capacities with gasoline. Methanol and ethanol have been widely used, mainly due to their knocking resistance. Another alcohol of great interest is butanol, thanks to its potential of being produced as biofuel and its heat value closer to gasoline. In this study, a comparative study of gasoline–alcohol blend combustion, with up to 20% volume, with neat gasoline has been carried out. A single-cylinder, variable compression ratio, Cooperative Fuel Research-type spark ignition engine has been employed. The comparison is made in terms of fuel conversion efficiency and flame development angle. Relevant information related to the impact in the combustion process of the use of the three main alcohols used in blends with gasoline has been obtained.

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Effects of Different LPG Fuel Systems on Performances of Variable Compression Ratio Single Cylinder Engine

Design, Application, Performance and Emissions of Modern Internal Combustion Engine Systems and Components ◽

10.1115/icef2002-519 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. H. Choi ◽

J. H. Kim ◽

Christian Homeyer

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Heat Release ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Power Output ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Cylinder Pressure ◽

Maximum Heat ◽

Spark Timing ◽

Test Engine

Since the early 20th century, most ground vehicles are driven with gasoline and diesel. The degradation of the environment affects human on earth unless the quality of the air is improved. One of the alternative fuels, LPG, is potentially capable of lowering vehicular emissions when compared to gasoline or diesel. There is a penalty in power output resulting from the use of LPG because the engine can induce less amount of air with Mixer system comparing with gasoline engine. Currently, the liquid-phase LPG is injected into the intake port of the engine, the fuel vaporizes enroute to the combustion chamber. Therefore, the performance and combustion processes of the tested engine are investigated with different LPG fuel systems. The test engine was developed and named heavy-duty VACRE. The test engine for this work operates 1400rpm with MBT conditions. The major conclusions of the work include; 1) The power output of LPi system with liquid-phase is approximately 17% higher than that of vapor-phase Mixer system due to increases of volumetric efficiency. And the MBT spark timing of LPi system is approximately 25% more advanced than that of Mixer system at λ value 1.0; 2) The LPi system shows both the maximum heat release rate and the cumulative heat release to be approximately 20% higher than the Mixer system; 3) Maximum cylinder pressure decrease with increase of compression ratio and a point of maximum cylinder pressure is delayed with high compression ratio.

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Phenomenological Analysis of the Combustion of Gaseous Fuels to Measure the Fuel's Energy Quality and Availability to Produce Work in Si Engines, Part 2

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4052648 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Pablo Gomez Montoya ◽

Andres Amell

Keyword(s):

Compression Ratio ◽

Laminar Flame ◽

Flame Temperature ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Diesel Fuels ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Si Engines ◽

High Turbulence ◽

Methane Number

Abstract A novel methodology is proposed to evaluate fuel´s performance in spark ignition (SI) engines based on the fuel´s energy quality and availability to produce work. Experiments used a diesel engine with a high compression ratio (CR), modified by SI operation, and using interchangeable pistons. The interchangeable pistons allowed for the generation of varying degrees of turbulence during combustion, ranging from middle to high turbulence. The generating efficiency (ηq), and the maximum electrical energy (EEmax) were measured at the knocking threshold (KT). A cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine operating at the KT was also used to measure the methane number (MN), and critical compression ratio (CCR) for gaseous fuels. Fuels with MNs ranging from 37 to 140 were used: two biogases, methane, propane, and five fuel blends of biogas with methane/propane and hydrogen. Results from both engines are linked at the KT to determine correlations between fuel´s physicochemical properties and the knocking phenomenon. Certain correlations between knocking and fuel properties were experimentally determined: energy density (ED), laminar flame speed (SL), adiabatic flame temperature (Tad), heat capacity ratio (γ), and hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratio. Based on the results, a mathematical methodology for estimating EEmax and ηq in terms of ED, SL, Tad, γ, H/C, and MN is presented. These equations were derived from the classical maximum thermal efficiency for SI engines given by the Otto cycle efficiency (ηOtto). Fuels with MN > 97 got higher EEmax, and ηq than propane, and diesel fuels.

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A two-dimensional simulation approach for ranking fuzzy numbers by the Monte Carlo technique

International Journal of Uncertainty Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems ◽

10.1142/s0218488521500240 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shu-Cai Zou ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Qi-Rui You

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Fuzzy Numbers ◽

Monte Carlo Technique ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Simulation Approach ◽

Dimensional Simulation

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Design of a valuable fuel couple and engine compression ratio for an Octane-On-Demand SI engine concept: A simulation approach using experimental data

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 189 ◽

pp. 107-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marie Bedon ◽

Misa Milosavljevic ◽

Virginie Morel ◽

Jean-Pascal Solari ◽

Guillaume Bourhis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Simulation Approach ◽

Si Engine ◽

On Demand ◽

Engine Concept

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Prediction and measurement of the critical compression ratio and methane number for blends of biogas with methane, propane and hydrogen

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2016.08.064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 186 ◽

pp. 168-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Juan Pablo Gómez Montoya ◽

Andrés A. Amell ◽

Daniel B. Olsen

Keyword(s):

Compression Ratio ◽

Methane Number

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Knock Rating of Gaseous Fuels

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.1560707 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 500-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

A. A. Attar ◽

G. A. Karim

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Equivalence Ratio ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

The Other ◽

Mixture Composition ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Spark Timing ◽

Methane Number

The knock tendency in spark ignition engines of binary mixtures of hydrogen, ethane, propane and n-butane is examined in a CFR engine for a range of mixture composition, compression ratio, spark timing, and equivalence ratio. It is shown that changes in the knock characteristics of binary mixtures of hydrogen with methane are sufficiently different from those of the binary mixtures of the other gaseous fuels with methane that renders the use of the methane number of limited utility. However, binary mixtures of n-butane with methane may offer a better alternative. Small changes in the concentration of butane produce almost linearly significant changes in both the values of the knock limited compression ratio for fixed spark timing and the knock limited spark timing for a fixed compression ratio.

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