Reactive magnetron co-sputtering of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 absorber layers by a 2-stage process: Role of substrate type and Na-doping

2015 ◽  
Vol 582 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Schulte ◽  
Karsten Harbauer ◽  
Klaus Ellmer
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Na Doping ◽  
Stage Process

Role of carbon in the formation of hard Ge1−xCx thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering

2011 ◽  
Vol 406 (13) ◽  
pp. 2658-2662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoquan Hu ◽  
Liang Qiao ◽  
Hongwei Tian ◽  
Xianyi Lu ◽  
Qing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Reactive Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Reactive Magnetron

Re-Examining Trust Development and Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Teams

2011 ◽  
pp. 82-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Jin Son ◽  
Eun Jee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Team Member ◽  
Trust Development ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
Stage Process

It is crucial to effectively identify and leverage organizational team member knowledge. As virtual teams are becoming increasingly common in global companies, knowledge sharing in virtual teams is gaining attention among practitioners and scholars. In particular, the role of trust in effective knowledge sharing has been emphasized among scholars. However, there have been few attempts to integrate trust and knowledge sharing behaviors in virtual teams. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to present the integrative perspective of knowledge sharing and trust in virtual teams. The authors thoroughly explore the existing literature on different approaches to trust and the knowledge sharing process and then introduce an integrative three-stage process model of trust and knowledge sharing in virtual teams.

scholarly journals Developing Improvisation Skills: The Influence of Individual Orientations

2020 ◽  
pp. 000183922097569
Author(s):  
Pier Vittorio Mannucci ◽  
Davide C. Orazi ◽  
Kristine de Valck
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
Live Action ◽  
Over Time

The growing relevance of improvisation for successful organizing calls for a better understanding of how individuals develop improvisation skills. While research has investigated the role of training and simulations, little is known about how individuals develop improvisation skills when formal training is not an option and how individual-level factors shape development trajectories. We explore these issues in a longitudinal qualitative analysis of live action role-playing. Our findings reveal a three-stage process of improvisation development shaped by the presence of task and social structures, which act as both constraints and resources. Moreover, our findings illuminate how collaborative and competitive orientations shape whether improvisers perceive these structures as a resource that they need to nurture and renew (i.e., collaborative) or to seize and exploit (i.e., competitive). We also show that individual orientations are not always enduring but can change over time, engendering four types of improvisation development trajectories. Our work provides a longitudinal account of how individual orientations shape the process of improvisation development. In so doing, we also explain why individuals who are skilled improvisers do not necessarily improvise effectively as a collective, and we reconcile different conceptualizations of improvisation.

scholarly journals Exploring the potential role of community engagement in evaluating clinical and translational science grant proposals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Treem ◽  
Margaret Schneider ◽  
Robynn L. Zender ◽  
Dara H. Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Grant Proposals ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The University

IntroductionThis study explored the effects of integrating community members into the evaluation of clinical and translational science grants.MethodsThe University of California, Irvine Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences (ICTS) engaged 21 community reviewers alongside scientific reviewers in a 2-stage process of evaluating research proposals. In Stage 1 reviewers scored proposals, and during Stage 2 two study sections convened: one a mix of community reviewers and scientific reviewers, and one only engaging scientific reviewers. In total, 4 studies were discussed by both study sections.ResultsComparisons of reviews revealed little difference between ratings of community reviewers and those of scientific reviewers, and that community reviewers largely refrained from critiquing scientific or technical aspects of proposals.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that involving community reviewers early in the grant cycle, and exposing them to the entirety of the review process, can bolster community engagement without compromising the rigor of grant evaluations.

scholarly journals The Role of Substrate Type, Moisture and Temperature on the Vertical Growth of Terricolous Lichens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Monge-Nájera
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Soft Ground ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Terricolous Lichen ◽  
Recorded Temperature

Lichens are traditionally divided into short “crustose”, intermediate “foliose” and tall “fruticose” types, a practice that hides a growth continuum. Substrate, temperature and water are thought to affect vertical growth, but such factors are difficult to measure, because, for example, the water actually available to lichens does not match rainfall patterns or even ground water levels. To reliably assess the effect of those factors, I recorded temperature, moisture, and substrate in and under individual terricolous lichen colonies in 60 fixed quadrats on April, August, October, and December of 2015 (Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica, 9°33′N; 83°45′W). The measurements were taken inside the colonies themselves (rather than on the general environment), covering an annual cycle of the relatively simple páramo habitat, where animals and vegetation have less impact than in lower ecosystems. The hypotheses were that lichens would grow taller on softer, warmer, and moister ground; on the Caribbean versant; and on the rainy season. Results matched the hypotheses, with one exception: lichens on soft ground were not taller than those on rock. Caribbean colonies were, on the average, 7 cm taller than those on the drier Pacific versant. Physiologically available water seems to be the main determinant of lichen vertical growth: more water means taller lichens and greater protection from climatic change for both the lichens and their microcommunities.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PROGRAM REVITALISASI POSKESTREN MELALUI PENINGKATAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH SEHAT (PHBS) PADA SANTRI/WATI DI PONDOK PESANTREN DARUL MUTTAQIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Ermaya Sari Bayu Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Boarding School ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Promotional Efforts ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Training Activities

ABSTRAKPoskestren merupakan upaya meningkatkan derajat kesehatan santri dipondok pesantren dengan mengutakan upaya promotif dan preventif dalam perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat adalah mengoptimalkan pos kesehatan pesantren untuk meningkatkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat bagi santri di lingkungan pondok pesantren Darul Muttaqin Cibarusa-Bekasi. Pendekatan pada pengabdian masyarakat berbasis penggerakan peran masyarakat pesantren untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dengan membentuk kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan kader pos kesehatan pesantren sebanyak 15 orang dengan metode cerama, diskusi dan praktek langsung. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat terbentuknya program pos kesehatan pesantren dengan tahapan input, proses, output. Diharapkan dukungan dari berbagai pihak yaitu pondok pesantren, puskesmas dan stakeholder untuk terwujudnya program pos kesehatan pesantren Kata kunci: poskestren; perilaku; hidup; bersih; sehat ABSTRACTHealthcare post boarding school is efforts to improve health of students in Islamic boarding schools with preventive and promotional efforts in clean and healthy living. The purpose of the community is to optimize the use of healthcare post islamic boarding schools to implement clean and healthy environment in islamic boarding schools of Darul Muttaqin Cibarusa Bekasi. Closer look at community devotion motivation of islamic boarding schools in order to increase the role of people, attitude, behavior by forming training activities and providing health-related assistance to health post member islamic boarding schools with the methods of lecture as many as 15, discussion and the practice of directly. The devotion of the public health posts boarding with input stage, process, output. The center is expected to support from various parties and, namely, Islamic boarding schools, stakeholders to the center and a medical post-boarding. Keywords: poskestren; behavior; life; clean; healthy. 

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