Influence of the galvanized coating thickness and process parameters on heat generation and strength of steel spot welds

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 107401
Author(s):  
D.G. Andrade ◽  
S. Sree Sabari ◽  
C. Leitão ◽  
D.M. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Spot Welds ◽  
Galvanized Coating

scholarly journals Shoulder Related Temperature Thresholds in FSSW of Aluminium Alloys

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4375
Author(s):  
David G. Andrade ◽  
Sree Sabari ◽  
Carlos Leitão ◽  
Dulce M. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Welding Temperature ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Diameter

Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) is assumed as an environment-friendly technique, suitable for the spot welding of several materials. Nevertheless, it is consensual that the temperature control during the process is not feasible, since the exact heat generation mechanisms are still unknown. In current work, the heat generation in FSSW of aluminium alloys, was assessed by producing bead-on-plate spot welds using pinless tools. Coated and uncoated tools, with varied diameters and rotational speeds, were tested. Heat treatable (AA2017, AA6082 and AA7075) and non-heat treatable (AA5083) aluminium alloys were welded to assess any possible influence of the base material properties on heat generation. A parametric analysis enabled to establish a relationship between the process parameters and the heat generation. It was found that for rotational speeds higher than 600 rpm, the main process parameter governing the heat generation is the tool diameter. For each tool diameter, a threshold in the welding temperature was identified, which is independent of the rotational speed and of the aluminium alloy being welded. It is demonstrated that, for aluminium alloys, the temperature in FSSW may be controlled using a suitable combination of rotational speed and tool dimensions. The temperature evolution with process parameters was modelled and the model predictions were found to fit satisfactorily the experimental results.

Temperaturanalyse beim Trennschleifen von CFK*/Temperature analysis during the cut-off grinding of CFRP

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (01-02) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Y. Babenko ◽  
M. Schneider ◽  
A. Gebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Empirische Untersuchung

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine empirische Untersuchung zum trockenen Trennschleifen von kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) vorgestellt. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Ermitteln der Zusammenhänge zwischen Prozessparametern und der Wärmeentstehung sowie resultierenden Temperaturen in der Schleifzone. Darüber hinaus wurde der Verschleiß der Trennschleifscheiben ausgewertet und die Bearbeitungsqualität untersucht.   The presented investigations discuss the dependencies of process parameters and heat generation in the dry cutting process of CFRP. For the cutting process, diamond-tipped grinding wheels are used. For further evaluation additionally the wear of the cutting abrasive and the cutting quality on the workpiece were determined.

DOUBLE GLOW PLASMA SURFACE TITANIZING ON AISI 316 STAINLESS STEEL WITH IMPROVED WEAR RESISTANCE: EFFECTS OF PROCESS PARAMETERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950178
Author(s):  
YONG MA ◽  
NAIMING LIN ◽  
QIANG LIU ◽  
JIAOJUAN ZOU ◽  
XIUZHOU LIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Optimal Process ◽  
Plasma Surface ◽  
Aisi 316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Glow Plasma

Using the double glow plasma surface alloying technique, a titanizing coating with improved wear resistance can be prepared on AISI 316 stainless steel. The purpose of this paper is to investigate process parameter effects by orthogonal array design. Four main factors, titanizing temperature, holding time, voltage difference and electrode distance, are adopted in orthogonal experiments. For each factor, four levels are set. The range analysis is used to investigate the factor and level influences on the coating thickness and specific wear rate. Meanwhile, the analysis of variance method is applied to calculate the contributions of each factor. The results indicate that temperature is most critical. In balancing the coating thickness and the wear property, the optimal process parameters are 950∘C, 3[Formula: see text]h, 200[Formula: see text]V and 18[Formula: see text]mm. Corresponding to the optimal process, the thickness and the specific wear rate of the titanizing coating are 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and 2.609E−05 mm3⋅ N−1⋅ m−1, respectively.

Coating Nano-TiO2 on Optical Fiber with Al(H2PO4)3 Adhesive

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hong Zhao ◽  
Jia Chen Liu ◽  
Shun Li ◽  
Yi Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Tio2 Coating ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysis

To meet the need of optical fiber photoreactor designed by mechanism of TiO2 photocatalysis, nanometer TiO2 was coated on the surface of optical fiber by dipping nude fibers into an Al(H2PO4)3-contained TiO2 slurry. Effects of slurry conditions, including content of TiO2 and addition of Al(H2PO4)3 adhesive, on coating thickness and quality were determined. Coating process, especially the effect of coating times, was also concerned. Based on the experimental results, fitting slurry conditions and process parameters were suggested for obtaining high-quality TiO2 coating on optical fiber surface.

scholarly journals Impact of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Process Parameters on Thermal Modeling and Heat Generation of Aluminum Alloy Joints

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 869-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad B. Aziz ◽  
Mohammad W. Dewan ◽  
Daniel J. Huggett ◽  
Muhammad A. Wahab ◽  
Ayman M. Okeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Thermal Modeling ◽  
Friction Stir

Study of the Temperature Effect on the Structure and Thickness of Hot-Dip Zinc Coatings on Fixing Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Bondareva
Keyword(s):  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Minimal Thickness ◽  
Galvanized Coating ◽  
Zinc Coatings ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hot-dip galvanizing of steels is usually performed by immersing the metal in a bath with molten zinc in the temperature range from 450 to 460 °C. In some cases it is necessary to obtain a minimal coating thickness. For example, high-strength bolts and other fixing products require a minimal thickness of the coating because a too thick zinc coating requires additional work on re-threading, which leads to spalling of coatings, a loss of corrosion resistance and, consequently, failure of the entire product. The main aim of this work was to study the influence of elevated temperatures of hot-dip galvanizing on the thickness and microstructure of zinc coatings on bolts and nut preform. The microstructure and elemental composition of the coating were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray microanalysis. It was found that the coating thickness obtained in the range between 475 and 535°C decreases with temperature and reaches a minimum at 535°C. The structure of the coating after high-temperature hot-dip galvanizing was fundamentally different from the structure of the coating made at standard temperatures 450-460°C. This coating formed at 535°C was dense, homogeneous, non-porous and composed of a mixture of the δ and ζ-phases without distinct phase boundaries. That’s why it was recommended to maintain the bath temperature in the range between 533°C and 537°C. It allows us to obtain a hot-dip galvanized coating of a minimal thickness and a good quality on fixing products.

A Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Microstructural Aspects in AA2024-T3 Friction Stir Welding

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 1022-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Carlone ◽  
Gaetano S. Palazzo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Viscoplastic Material ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Friction Stir

In recent years, remarkable interest has been focused on the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process, by academic as well as industrial research groups. Conceptually, the FSW process is quite simple: a non-consumable rotating tool is plunged between the adjoining edges of the parts to be welded and moved along the desired weld line. Frictional and viscous heat generation increases the work piece temperature, softening the processing material and forcing it to flow around the pin. Although FSW has been effectively applied in welding of several materials, such as copper, steel, magnesium, and titanium, considerable attention is still focused on aluminum welding, in particular for transport applications. Recent literature clearly evidenced microstructural variations in the stir zone, imputable to continuous dynamic recrystallization phenomena, leading to the formation of a finer equiaxed grains. Moreover, depending on the specific alloy, thermal cycles can induce coarsening or dissolution of precipitates in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The influence of the aforementioned microstructural aspects on mechanical properties and formability of FSWed assemblies is also well recognized. The aim of this paper is to numerically and experimentally investigate the influence of process parameters, namely rotating speed and welding speed, on microstructural aspects in AA2024-T3 friction stir butt welds. A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model has been implemented to simulate the process. A viscoplastic material model, based on Wright and Sheppard modification of the constitutive model initially proposed by Sellars and Tegart has been implemented in the commercial package ANSYS CFX, considering an Eulerian framework. Tool-workpiece interaction has been modeled assuming partial sticking/sliding condition, and incorporating both frictional and viscous contributions to the heat generation. Microstructural aspects have been numerically predicted using the Zenner-Holloman parameter and experimentally measured by means of conventional metallographic techniques. Satisfactory agreement has been found between simulated and experimental results. The influence of process parameters on mechanical properties has also been highlighted.

Effect of Electrolyte on Micro Arc Oxidation Coating of Al-2014 Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 1148 ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Shankar ◽  
R. Sokkalingam ◽  
K. Sivaprasad ◽  
Veerappan Muthupandi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Phosphate Electrolyte

Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) coating was performed on Al-2014 aluminium alloy in aqueous solution of silicate, phosphate and hybrid electrolytic environments. The MAO thickness was measured around 5-15 μm, in which significant thickness of both dense and porous layers were identified. A combination of nanocrystalline α-Al2O3and Υ-Al2O3 was identified in the MAO coating using X-ray diffraction analysis. The thickness and morphology of the coating, which is analyzed using SEM are different for different MAO process parameters and it was found that the MAO coating prepared in phosphate electrolyte is giving a better coating with higher coating thickness, minor pore size and better adherence.

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