Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in DNA immunized mink challenged with wild-type canine distemper virus

Vaccine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (35) ◽  
pp. 4791-4797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Nielsen ◽  
Mette Søgaard ◽  
Peter Karlskov-Mortensen ◽  
Trine Hammer Jensen ◽  
Tove Dannemann Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Type

scholarly journals Inactivated Recombinant Rabies Viruses Displaying Canine Distemper Virus Glycoproteins Induce Protective Immunity against Both Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata da Fontoura Budaszewski ◽  
Andrew Hudacek ◽  
Bevan Sawatsky ◽  
Beate Krämer ◽  
Xiangping Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Attachment Protein ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Residual Virulence

ABSTRACT The development of multivalent vaccines is an attractive methodology for the simultaneous prevention of several infectious diseases in vulnerable populations. Both canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RABV) cause lethal disease in wild and domestic carnivores. While RABV vaccines are inactivated, the live-attenuated CDV vaccines retain residual virulence for highly susceptible wildlife species. In this study, we developed recombinant bivalent vaccine candidates based on recombinant vaccine strain rabies virus particles, which concurrently display the protective CDV and RABV glycoprotein antigens. The recombinant viruses replicated to near-wild-type titers, and the heterologous glycoproteins were efficiently expressed and incorporated in the viral particles. Immunization of ferrets with beta-propiolactone-inactivated recombinant virus particles elicited protective RABV antibody titers, and animals immunized with a combination of CDV attachment protein- and fusion protein-expressing recombinant viruses were protected from lethal CDV challenge. However, animals that were immunized with only a RABV expressing the attachment protein of CDV vaccine strain Onderstepoort succumbed to infection with a more recent wild-type strain, indicating that immune responses to the more conserved fusion protein contribute to protection against heterologous CDV strains. IMPORTANCE Rabies virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) cause high mortality rates and death in many carnivores. While rabies vaccines are inactivated and thus have an excellent safety profile and high stability, live-attenuated CDV vaccines can retain residual virulence in highly susceptible species. Here we generated recombinant inactivated rabies viruses that carry one of the CDV glycoproteins on their surface. Ferrets immunized twice with a mix of recombinant rabies viruses carrying the CDV fusion and attachment glycoproteins were protected from lethal CDV challenge, whereas all animals that received recombinant rabies viruses carrying only the CDV attachment protein according to the same immunization scheme died. Irrespective of the CDV antigens used, all animals developed protective titers against rabies virus, illustrating that a bivalent rabies virus-based vaccine against CDV induces protective immune responses against both pathogens.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and phylogenetic relationship of wild-type strains of canine distemper virus in symptomatic dogs from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1510-1518
Author(s):  
S.A. Headley ◽  
T.R. Santos ◽  
L. Bodnar ◽  
J.P.E. Saut ◽  
A.P. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Type Strains

This study investigated the occurrence of canine distemper virus (CDV) by evaluating the presence of viral RNA within urine samples of dogs from Uberlândia, MG, with clinical manifestations suggestive of infection by CDV by targeting the CDV N gene. Of the clinical samples collected ( n =33), CDV viruria was detected in 45.5%. Five dogs died spontaneously; all had characteristic CDV-associated histopathological alterations and demonstrated CDV viruria. Statistical analyses revealed that the age, gender, breed, or the organ system of the dog affected had no influence on the occurrence of canine distemper. Myoclonus and motor incoordination were the most significant neurological manifestations observed. A direct association was observed between keratoconjunctivitis and dogs with CDV viruria. These findings suggest that CDV viruria in symptomatic dogs might not be age related, and that symptomatic dogs can demonstrate clinical manifestations attributed to CDV without viruria identified by RT-PCR. Additionally, the results of the sequence identities analysed have suggested that all Brazilian wild-type strains of CDV currently identified are closely related and probably originated from the same lineage of CDV. Nevertheless, phylogenetic analyses suggest that there are different clusters of wild-type strains of CDV circulating within urban canine populations in Brazil.

scholarly journals Sequence Analysis and Expression of the Attachment and Fusion Proteins of Canine Distemper Virus Wild-Type Strain A75/17

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 2263-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Cherpillod ◽  
Karin Beck ◽  
Andreas Zurbriggen ◽  
Riccardo Wittek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Attachment Protein

ABSTRACT The biological properties of wild-type A75/17 and cell culture-adapted Onderstepoort canine distemper virus differ markedly. To learn more about the molecular basis for these differences, we have isolated and sequenced the protein-coding regions of the attachment and fusion proteins of wild-type canine distemper virus strain A75/17. In the attachment protein, a total of 57 amino acid differences were observed between the Onderstepoort strain and strain A75/17, and these were distributed evenly over the entire protein. Interestingly, the attachment protein of strain A75/17 contained an extension of three amino acids at the C terminus. Expression studies showed that the attachment protein of strain A75/17 had a higher apparent molecular mass than the attachment protein of the Onderstepoort strain, in both the presence and absence of tunicamycin. In the fusion protein, 60 amino acid differences were observed between the two strains, of which 44 were clustered in the much smaller F2 portion of the molecule. Significantly, the AUG that has been proposed as a translation initiation codon in the Onderstepoort strain is an AUA codon in strain A75/17. Detailed mutation analyses showed that both the first and second AUGs of strain A75/17 are the major translation initiation sites of the fusion protein. Similar analyses demonstrated that, also in the Onderstepoort strain, the first two AUGs are the translation initiation codons which contribute most to the generation of precursor molecules yielding the mature form of the fusion protein.

scholarly journals Disease Duration Determines Canine Distemper Virus Neurovirulence

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 12066-12070 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Bonami ◽  
Penny A. Rudd ◽  
Veronika von Messling
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
H Protein ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT The Morbillivirus hemagglutinin (H) protein mediates attachment to the target cell. To evaluate its contribution to canine distemper virus neurovirulence, we exchanged the H proteins of the wild-type strains 5804P and A75 and assessed the pathogenesis of the chimeric viruses in ferrets. Both strains are lethal to ferrets; however, 5804P causes a 2-week disease without neurological signs, whereas A75 is associated with a longer disease course and neurological involvement. We observed that both H proteins supported neuroinvasion and the subsequent development of clinical neurological signs if given enough time, demonstrating that disease duration is the main neurovirulence determinant.

scholarly journals The fusion protein of wild-type canine distemper virus is a major determinant of persistent infection

Virology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 337 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Plattet ◽  
Jean-Paul Rivals ◽  
Benoît Zuber ◽  
Jean-Marc Brunner ◽  
Andreas Zurbriggen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Type

scholarly journals Nanoparticles of Conformation-stabilized Canine Distemper Virus Hemagglutinin are Highly Immunogenic and Induce Robust Immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Feng ◽  
Jingjian Dong ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Lili Shi ◽  
Bing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
New Type ◽  
H Protein

Abstract BackgroundCanine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets, dogs, and giant pandas causes an acute systemic disease involving multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract, lymphoid system, and central nervous system. In this study, we tested a new type candidate CDV vaccine–CDV nanoparticles–based on hemagglutinin protein. MethodsThe nanoparticles were generated from conformation-stabilized CDV hemagglutinin tetramers. Immune responses against CDV were evaluated in mice. Immunization was initiated 6 weeks after birth and boosted twice with 4-week intervals. The blood and mucosal samples were collected 2 weeks after each immunization. ResultsVaccination with CDV nanoparticles elicited high levels of IgG antibody titers in mice (approximately seven- to eight fold higher than that obtained with soluble CDV H protein), as well as mucosal immune responses, and developed increased CDV-specific neutralizing antibody. The mice that received nanoparticles showed significantly higher IFN-γ- and IL-4-secreting cell population in the spleen and lymph node compared with mice immunized with soluble H protein. The co-stimulatory molecular expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of DCs were also upregulated. ConclusionThe results demonstrate that self-assembly into nanoparticles can increase the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens, and nanoparticles assembled from conformation-stabilized CDV H protein has the potential to serve as a new type CDV vaccine.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Three Vaccine Strains and Two Wild-Type Canine Distemper Virus Strains from a Recent Disease Outbreak in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika K. Loots ◽  
Morné Du Plessis ◽  
Desiré Lee Dalton ◽  
Emily Mitchell ◽  
Estelle H. Venter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
African Lineage ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Virus Strains

ABSTRACT Canine distemper virus causes global multihost infectious disease. This report details complete genome sequences of three vaccine and two new wild-type strains. The wild-type strains belong to the South African lineage, and all three vaccine strains to the America 1 lineage. This constitutes the first genomic sequences of this virus from South Africa.

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