No adverse effects of simultaneous vaccination with the immunocontraceptive GonaCon™ and a commercial rabies vaccine on rabies virus neutralizing antibody production in dogs

Since the 1990s, oral rabies vaccination (ORV) has been used successfully to halt the westward spread of the raccoon rabies virus (RV) variant from the eastern continental USA. Elimination of raccoon RV from the eastern USA has proven challenging across targeted raccoon (Procyon lotor) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) populations impacted by raccoon RV. Field trial evaluations of the Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait (ONRAB) were initiated to expand ORV products available to meet the rabies management goal of raccoon RV elimination. This study describes the continuation of a 2011 trial in West Virginia. Our objective was to evaluate raccoon and skunk response to ORV occurring in West Virginia for an additional two years (2012–2013) at 75 baits/km2 followed by three years (2014–2016) of evaluation at 300 baits/km2. We measured the change in rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (RVNA) seroprevalence in targeted wildlife populations by comparing levels pre- and post-ORV during each year of study. The increase in bait density from 75/km2 to 300/km2 corresponded to an increase in average post-ORV seroprevalence for raccoon and skunk populations. Raccoon population RVNA levels increased from 53% (300/565, 95% CI: 50–57%) to 82.0% (596/727, 95% CI: 79–85%) during this study, and skunk population RVNA levels increased from 11% (8/72, 95% CI: 6–20%) to 39% (51/130, 95% CI: 31–48%). The RVNA seroprevalence pre-ORV demonstrated an increasing trend across study years for both bait densities and species, indicating that multiple years of ORV may be necessary to achieve and maintain RVNA seroprevalence in target wildlife populations for the control and elimination of raccoon RV in the eastern USA.

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Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9070742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

José Javier Morales-Núñez ◽

José Francisco Muñoz-Valle ◽

Carlos Meza-López ◽

Lin-Fa Wang ◽

Andrea Carolina Machado Sulbarán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Antibody Production ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Expected Result ◽

Neutralizing Capacity ◽

The Usa

The main expected result of a vaccine against viruses is the ability to produce neutralizing antibodies. Currently, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being applied to prevent mortal complications, being Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) one of the first to be authorized in the USA and Mexico (11 December 2020). This study evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine on antibody production with neutralizing capacity and its side effects in healthcare workers with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and in a group of unvaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19. The main findings are the production of 100% neutralizing antibodies in both groups after the second dose, well-tolerated adverse effects, the possible presence of immunosenescence, and finally, we support that a single dose of this vaccine in individuals with prior COVID-19 would be sufficient to achieve an immunization comparable to people without prior COVID-19 with a complete vaccination program (2 doses).

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Purified human cytomegalovirus virion protein; useful as vaccine and for detecting CMV neutralizing antibody in serum; monoclonal antibody production

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/0264-410x(93)90085-c ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1167-1168

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Human Cytomegalovirus ◽

Antibody Production ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Virion Protein ◽

Monoclonal Antibody Production

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Survey of fox trappers in northern Alaska for rabies antibody

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800051554 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 137-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

E. H. Follmann ◽

D. G. Ritter ◽

M. Beller

Keyword(s):

Rabies Virus ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

World Health ◽

Antibody Concentration ◽

Alopex Lagopus ◽

Arctic Foxes ◽

Health Organization ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Northern Alaska ◽

Rabies Vaccination

SUMMARYThe purpose of this research was to determine whether trappers in northern Alaska acquired immunity to rabies virus from non-bite exposures while trapping and skinning arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). In coastal Alaska recurring epizootics presumably provide trappers ample opportunity for contact with rabid animals. Serum neutralization analyses of blood samples collected from 26 individuals were conducted. All but three had negative rabies neutralizing antibody levels (< 0·05 I.U./ml). Two of these had previously received rabies vaccine but one individual who had trapped for about 47 years with an estimated harvest of over 3000 foxes and who had never received pre- or post-exposure rabies vaccination had a rabies serum neutralizing antibody concentration of 2·30 I.U./ml. This represents the first report of an unvaccinated person acquiring rabies virus antibody with a titre above the 0·5 I.U./ml level considered acceptable by the World Health Organization.

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Reply to Zhao and Miao and to Chen et al." Is the rabies virus neutralizing antibody titerstable during long-term storage?

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101502 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 101502

Author(s):

Cornelis A. De Pijper ◽

Abraham Goorhuis ◽

Martin P. Grobusch ◽

Cornelis Stijnis

Keyword(s):

Rabies Virus ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Term Storage

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Is the rabies virus neutralizing antibody titer stable during long-term storage?

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101468 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 101468 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lifeng Zhao ◽

Faming Miao ◽

Qi Chen ◽

Ying Wang ◽

Tongyan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rabies Virus ◽

Antibody Titer ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Term Storage

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Effect of a booster-dose of rabies vaccine on the duration of virus neutralizing antibody titers in bovines

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86821998000400006 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 367-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Avelino Albas ◽

Paulo Eduardo Pardo ◽

Albério Antonio Barros Gomes ◽

Fernanda Bernardi ◽

Fumio Honma Ito

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Booster Dose ◽

Neutralization Test ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Rabies Vaccine ◽

Western Region ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Paulo State ◽

Antibody Titers

Humoral immune response using inactivated rabies vaccine was studied in 35 nelore cross-bred bovines of western region of São Paulo state. Ninety days after vaccination, 13 (92.8%) animals presented titers 30.5IU/ml, through mouse neutralization test. After 180 days, 9 (64.3%) sera showed titers 30.5IU/ml, after 270 days, only one (7.1%) showed a titer of 0.51IU/ml, and after 360 days, all animals showed titers < 0.5IU/ml. Group of animals receiving booster dose 30 days after vaccination presented, two months after, all with titers > 0.5IU/ml. At 180 days, 17 (80.9%) sera presented titers > 0.5IU/ml; at 270 days, 15 (71.4%), with titers 30.5IU/ml and at 360 days, 4 (19.0%), with titers 30.5IU/ml. Booster-dose ensured high levels of neutralizing antibodies for at least three months, and 240 days after revaccination, 71.4% of animals were found with titers 30.5IU/ml.

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Using Intradermal Rabies Vaccine to Boost Immunity in People with Low Rabies Antibody Levels

Advances in Preventive Medicine ◽

10.4061/2011/601789 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Brown ◽

Anthony R. Fooks ◽

Martin Schweiger

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

Rabies Vaccine ◽

World Health ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

The World ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Antibody Levels

Intradermal rabies vaccine is recommended by the World Health Organisation, but not all countries, including England, follow this recommendation. A group of 12 adults in England previously given pre-exposure intradermal rabies vaccine were considered to be non-immune to rabies because their rabies antibody titres were known to be less than 0.5 IU/mL. A cohort study examined the immunizing effect of increasing the participants' cumulative dose of intradermal rabies to 2.0 IU. All patients subsequently demonstrated rabies antibody levels >0.5 IU⋅mL supporting evidence of adequate sero-conversion. No adverse effects of intradermal rabies vaccine boosting were noted. Within the limits of a small study the findings support the hypothesis that adequate levels of rabies antibody can be achieved by a schedule of intradermal injections delivered on at least three occasions with a cumulative rabies vaccine dose of 2.0 IU.

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