Announcing the publication of the WHO immunological basis for immunization series module on pertussis vaccines

Vaccine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Series

scholarly journals 2769. The Clinical and Economic Impact of MMR Vaccinations to Prevent Measles Importations from US Pediatric Travelers Returning from Abroad

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S976-S977
Author(s):  
Emily P Hyle ◽  
Audrey C Bangs ◽  
Amy P Fiebelkorn ◽  
Alison T Walker ◽  
Paul Gastanaduy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Immunization Series

Abstract Background Although pediatric travelers comprise < 10% of US international travelers, they account for almost half of all measles importations among returning travelers. For travelers 1–18 years with no other evidence of measles immunity, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends 2 MMR vaccine doses before departure; 1 dose is recommended for infant travelers (6 to <12 months) and does not count toward their primary immunization series. All US travelers (6 months to < 6 years) are at risk for being undervaccinated for measles because MMR is routinely given at 1 years and 4–6 years. Methods We developed a decision tree model to evaluate the clinical impact and cost per case averted of pretravel health encounters (PHE) that vaccinate MMR-eligible pediatric international travelers. We compared 2 strategies for infant (6 to < 12 months) and preschool-aged (1 to <6 years) travelers: (1) no PHE: travelers departed with baseline MMR vaccination status vs. (2) PHE: MMR-eligible travelers were offered vaccination. All simulated travelers experienced a destination-specific risk of measles exposure during travel (mean, 237exposures/10M travelers; range, 19–6,750 exposures/10M travelers); if exposed to measles, travelers were at risk of illness stratified by age and MMR vaccination status (range, 0.03–0.90). Costs include direct medical costs and lost work wages for guardians. Model outcomes included measles cases, costs, and cost per case averted. We varied inputs in sensitivity analyses. Results Compared with no PHE, PHE averted 451 measles cases at $985,000/case averted for infant travelers and 54 measles cases at $1.5 million/case averted for preschool-aged travelers (table, bottom). PHE can be cost-saving for travelers to regions with higher risk of measles exposure and if more MMR-eligible travelers are vaccinated at PHE (Figure 1). At a risk of exposure associated with European travel, PHE had better value when a measles importation led to a higher number of contacts or more US-acquired cases per importation (Figure 2). Conclusion PHE for pediatric travelers (6 months to <6 years) decreased the number of imported measles cases and saved costs, especially if targeted to travelers with higher-risk destinations, if more MMR-eligible travelers are vaccinated at PHE, or if outbreaks are larger. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Antibody Persistence After Primary Immunization With Trivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Richard D. Krugman ◽  
George E. Hardy ◽  
Clyde Sellers ◽  
Paul D. Parkman ◽  
John J. Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Immunization Series ◽  
Microneutralization Test

Five years after primary infant immunization with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine, employing either a three-dose primary series as recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) or a four-dose series as recommended by the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 115 children were serologically tested for persistence of neutralizing antibodies by the microneutralization test. Of the 57 individuals immunized according to the ACIP recommendation, antibody persistence was demonstrated in 92% for type 1 poliovirus, 98% for type 2, and 84% for type 3. Of those 58 individuals originally receiving a four-dose primary infant immunization series, the persistence of antibody was 98% to type 1, 98% to type 2, and 87% to type 3. Twenty-one of 24 negative sera showed neutralizing ability when tested by a more sensitive plaque reduction test. Thus, individuals completing either immunization schedule demonstrated satisfactory persistence of neutralizing antibody to all three poliovirus types over a five-year period.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients Treated in a Phase 2 Trial with MyVax® Personalized Immunotherapy (Recombinant Id-KLH with GM-CSF) after Chemotherapy as Initial Treatment for Follicular Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2438-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Timmerman ◽  
Julie Vose ◽  
Ronald Levy ◽  
Martha Mayo ◽  
Dan Denney
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
International Prognostic Index ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Immunization Series

Abstract Background: The tumor-specific variable regions of the clonal immunoglobulin (idiotype or Id) expressed by malignant B cell NHL can be used as a target for active immunotherapy. MyVax® Personalized Immunotherapy is a patient-specific, recombinant Id protein conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (Id-KLH) and administered with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF). Several Phase 2 clinical trials have been conducted to determine the immunogenicity of MyVax® Personalized Immunotherapy. Patients and Methods: The patients all had previously untreated follicular lymphoma and achieved at least a partial response to either CVP chemotherapy (16 patients) or CVP + CHOP chemotherapy (5 patients) to be eligible to receive 5 series of immunizations with MyVax® Personalized Immunotherapy. Each immunization series consisted of MyVax® Personalized Immunotherapy administered SQ on Day 1 and GM-CSF alone on Days 2–4. The immunizations were administered over 24 weeks. The first 4 immunization series were administered every 4 weeks. The 5th immunization series was administered 12 weeks after the 4th immunization. Results: There were a total of 21 evaluable patients in the study. Both cellular and humoral immune anti-idiotype responses (IRs) were elicited using this treatment schedule. Thirteen of the 21 patients (62%) mounted an anti-idiotype immune response. Ten of the 21 patients mounted a humoral anti-idiotype response while 7 of 16 patients evaluated mounted a cellular anti-idiotype response. Immunizations with MyVax® Personalized Immunotherapy appear to be safe and well tolerated. Adverse events reported in this trial were mostly mild to moderate and transient in nature. Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) scores for these patients indicate that most of the patients were in the intermediate or high-risk categories. The median follow-up is over 5.5 years in this trial. The median time to disease progression was 37.7 months measured from the end of chemotherapy. Ten of the 21 patients in this trial remain progression free between 47 months and 71 months post chemotherapy as of their last follow-up. Four of the patients that remain in remission are in the high risk category by FLIPI score. Conclusions and Discussion: These results suggest that patients with a poorer prognosis according to their FLIPI score can achieve significant remissions following treatment with MyVax® Personalized Immunotherapy. MyVax® Personalized Immunotherapy is currently in a late-stage Phase 3 trial.

scholarly journals Prevention of Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Transmission in an Obstetric/Infant Population

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Paul J Parker ◽  
Theresa W Gyorkos ◽  
Joseph S Dylewski ◽  
Arvind K Joshi ◽  
Elaine D Franco
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunization Series ◽  
Hbsag Screening

Study Design: This retrospective study reviewed the screening practice and seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among all mothers with live births at a teaching hospital in Montreal between November 1, 1990 and April 30, 1991.Results: Most women (94%) were screened prenatally and 5.2% postnatally. Screening status could not be determined for 0.8% of women. One-quarter of all postnatal screening results were available only at 48 h or more postdelivery. No infants born to women with postnatal screening or to women with unknown screening status were immunized expectantly. The maternal seroprevalence was 1.08% (95% confidence interval from 0.6, 1.4). All 22 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers had received hepatitis B immune globulin within 12 h of birth and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 h. Follow-up of infants revealed that only 50% had received the second and third doses according to the recommended protocol, with 83% completing the immunization series.Conclusion: These results indicate that a program of prenatal HBsAg screening and neonatal prophylaxis against hepatitis B can be successfully instituted in a high volume obstetric hospital, and that better monitoring of infants is required to ensure completion of vaccination.

scholarly journals Avidity of the Immunoglobulin G Response to a Neisseria meningitidis Group C Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine as Measured by Inhibition and Chaotropic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Harris ◽  
How Tsao ◽  
Lindsey Ashton ◽  
David Goldblatt ◽  
Philip Fernsten
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Antibody Avidity ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Immunization Series

ABSTRACT Antibody avidity, the strength of the multivalent interaction between antibodies and their antigens, is an important characteristic of protective immune responses. We have developed an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibody avidity for the capsular polysaccharide (PS) of Neisseria meningitidis group C (MnC) and determined the avidity constants (KD s) for 100 sera from children immunized with an MnC PS conjugate vaccine. The avidity constants were compared to the avidity indices (AI) obtained for the same sera using a chaotropic ELISA protocol. After the primary immunization series, the geometric mean (GM) KD was 674 nM and did not change in the months following immunization. However, the GM avidity did increase after the booster dose (GM KD , 414 nM 1 month after booster immunization). In contrast, the GM AI increased from an initial value of 118 after the primary immunization series to 147 6 months after the completion of the primary immunization series and then further increased to 178 after booster immunization. At the individual subject level, the avidity constant and AI correlated after the primary immunization series and after booster immunization but not prior to boosting. This work suggests that the AI, as measured by the chaotropic ELISA, in contrast to the KD , reflects changes that render antibody populations less susceptible to disruption by chaotropic agents without directly affecting the strength of the binding interactions.

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