Sizing of multi-stage Op Amps by combining design equations with the gm/ID method

Integration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Op Amps ◽  
Multi Stage

Improvement of Gain Accuracy and CMRR of Low Power Instrumentation Amplifier Using High Gain Operational Amplifiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Rashmi Sahu ◽  
Maitraiyee Konar ◽  
Sudip Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operational Amplifiers ◽  
Instrumentation Amplifier ◽  
Biomedical Signals ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
Op Amps ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Sensing of biomedical signals is crucial for monitoring of various health conditions. These signals have a very low amplitude (in μV) and a small frequency range (<500 Hz). In the presence of various common-mode interferences, biomedical signals are difficult to detect. Instrumentation amplifiers (INAs) are usually preferred to detect these signals due to their high commonmode rejection ratio (CMRR). Gain accuracy and CMRR are two important parameters associated with any INA. This article, therefore, focuses on the improvement of the gain accuracy and CMRR of a low power INA topology. Objective: The objective of this article is to achieve high gain accuracy and CMRR of low power INA by having high gain operational amplifiers (Op-Amps), which are the building blocks of the INAs. Methods: For the implementation of the Op-Amps and the INAs, the Cadence Virtuoso tool was used. All the designs and implementation were realized in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Results: Three different Op-Amp topologies namely single-stage differential Op-Amp, folded cascode Op-Amp, and multi-stage Op-Amp were implemented. Using these Op-Amp topologies separately, three Op-Amp-based INAs were realized and compared. The INA designed using the high gain multistage Op-Amp topology of low-frequency gain of 123.89 dB achieves a CMRR of 164.1 dB, with the INA’s gain accuracy as good as 99%, which is the best when compared to the other two INAs realized using the other two Op-Amp topologies implemented. Conclusion: Using very high gain Op-Amps as the building blocks of the INA improves the gain accuracy of the INA and enhances the CMRR of the INA. The three Op-Amp-based INA designed with the multi-stage Op-Amps shows state-of-the-art characteristics as its gain accuracy is 99% and CMRR is as high as 164.1 dB. The power consumed by this INA is 29.25 μW by operating on a power supply of ±0.9V. This makes this INA highly suitable for low power measurement applications.

Planning and Search in Multi-Stage Risky Decision Making

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Hotaling ◽  
Jerry Busemeyer ◽  
Richard Shiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Multi Stage

Effects of Cooking Oil Subsidy Removals on Related Markets in Malaysia: A Comparative Static, Multicommodity, Multi Stage Production Approach

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Othman ◽  
Yaghoob Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Supply Factor ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Input Markets ◽  
Production Approach

Malaysia is contemplating removal of most of her subsidy support measures including subsidies on cooking oil which is largely palm oil based. This paper aims to examine the effects of cooking oil subsidy removals on the competitiveness of the oil palm subsector and related markets. This is done by developing and applying a comparative static, multi-commodity, partial equilibrium model with multi-stages of production function for the Malaysian perennial crops subsector which explicitly links different stages of production, primary and intermediate input markets, trade, and policy linkages. Results partly suggest that export of cooking oil will increase by 0.2 per cent due to a 10 per cent cooking oil subsidy reduction, while domestic output of cooking oil may eventually see a net decline of 1.97 per cent. The results clearly point out that the effect of reducing cooking oil subsidies is relatively small at the upstream levels and therefore it only induces minute effects on factor markets. Consequently, the market for other agricultural crops is projected to change very marginally.   Keywords: Multicomodity, comparative statics, partial equilibrium model, output supply-factor markets linkages, effects of cooking oil subsidy removals.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
O. S. Balogun ◽  
M. A. Damisa ◽  
O. Yusuf ◽  
O. L. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Model

The study was carried out to examine the effect of agricultural transformation on the beneficiary’s productivity and poverty of rice farmers in Kano State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 571 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires on respondent’s income, input and output quantities as well as their expenditures. Data were analysis using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), Propensity score matching and LATE model. Results from the study shows that respondents productivity revealed a significant difference of about 127 kg/ha in rice productivity between participants and non-participants. Also, the LATE estimates revealed an average treatment effect ATE0 of about 222.98kg/ha. Furthermore, the project had a significant effect N11, 321.4 on the participant’s consumption expenditure than the non-participants N9980.60. Moreover, participants were, able to increase their household total expenditures by N34780 per annum. Fluctuations of input/output prices insect pests and inadequate extension visits were all the major constraints faced by the farmers. It was recommended that farmers’ information and sensitization system should be overhauled and improved. Also, attention should be given to well organize extension visits for the farmers from stake holders

Radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Liver Resections ◽  
Multi Stage

Introduction: Radical liver resection is the only method for the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM); however, only 20–30% of patients with CLMs can be radically treated. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the possible methods of palliative treatment in such patients. Methods: RFA was performed in 381 patients with CLMs between 01 Jan 2001 and 31 Dec 2018. The mean age of the patients was 65.2±8.7 years. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Open laparotomy was done in 238 (62.5%) patients and the CT-navigated transcutaneous approach was used in 143 (37.5%) patients. CLMs <5 cm (usually <3 cm) in diameter were the indication for RFA. We used RFA as the only method in 334 (87.6%) patients; RFA in combination with resection was used in 36 (9.4%), and with multi-stage resection in 11 (3%) patients. We performed RFA in a solitary CLM in 170 (44.6%) patients, and in 2−5 CLMs in 211 (55.6%) patients. We performed computed tomography in each patient 48 hours after procedure. Results: The 30-day postoperative mortality was zero. Complications were present in 4.8% of transcutaneous and in 14.2% of open procedures, respectively, in the 30-day postoperative period. One-, 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 94.8, 66.8, 43.9 and 16.6%, respectively, in patients undergoing RFA, and 90.6, 69.1, 52.8 and 39.2%, respectively, in patients with liver resections. Disease free survival was 63.2, 30.1, 18.4 and 13.1%, respectively, in the same patients after RFA, and 71.1, 33.3, 22.8 and 15.5%, respectively, after liver resections. Conclusion: RFA is a palliative thermal ablation method, which is one of therapeutic options in patients with radically non-resectable CLMs. RFA is useful especially in a non-resectable, or resectable (but for the price of large liver resection) solitary CLM <3 cm in diameter and in CLM relapses. RFA is also part of multi-stage liver procedures.

Effective ONU Accommodation through PON Systems with Multi-Stage Splitter Configuration Using ALC Burst-Mode SOAs

2014 ◽  
Vol E97.B (2) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi FUJIWARA ◽  
Ken-Ichi SUZUKI ◽  
Naoto YOSHIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Burst Mode ◽  
Multi Stage

Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal studies of Novel Organomercury Driven from Sulfa Drugs Part 1

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1338-1347
Author(s):  
Tarek Ali Fahad ◽  
Shaker.A.N. AL-Jadaan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Sulfa Drugs ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Multi Stage

Two new heterocyclic Organmercury compounds   were prepared from the reaction of Sulfamethaxazole and Sulfadiazine with 4-acetaminophenol as a coupler and separated as solids with characteristic colors. these compounds were characterized by F.T.IR-spectroscopy 1H-NMR , Micro-elemental Analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques . The work involves a study of acid – base properties compounds at different pH values, the ionization and protonation constants were calculated. The thermal behavior of these two compounds   were investigated on the basis of thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, Thermal decomposition of these compounds is multi-stage processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document