Infant gut strain persistence is associated with maternal origin, phylogeny, and traits including surface adhesion and iron acquisition

SUMMARYGut microbiome succession impacts infant development. However, it remains unclear what factors promote persistence of initial bacterial colonists in the developing gut. Here, we performed strain-resolved metagenomic analyses to compare gut colonization of preterm and full-term infants throughout the first year of life and evaluated links between strain persistence and strain origin as well as genetic potential. Analysis of 206 fecal metagenomes collected from full-term and preterm infants and their mothers revealed that infants’ initially distinct microbial communities converged by age one. Approximately 11% of early colonists, primarily Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, persisted during the first year of life, and these were more prevalent in full-term compared to preterm infants. Gut-associated strains from mothers were significantly more likely to persist in the infant gut than other strains. Enrichment in genes for surface adhesion, iron acquisition and carbohydrate degradation may explain persistence of some strains through the first year of life.

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Microfluidic Quantification of Yeast Surface Adhesion

10.26434/chemrxiv.6446432 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kristina Reinmets ◽

Amin Dehkharghani ◽

Jeffrey S. Guasto ◽

Stephen Fuchs

Keyword(s):

Genetic Background ◽

Food Production ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Surface Adhesion ◽

Adhesive Properties ◽

Fungal Adhesion ◽

Yeast Surface ◽

Population Scale

<div>Fungal adhesion is fundamental to processes ranging from</div><div>infection to food production yet, robust, population-scale</div><div>quantification methods for yeast surface adhesion are lacking. We developed a microfluidic assay to distinguish the effects of genetic background and solution conditions on adhesion. This approach will enable the rapid screening of yeast adhesive properties for anti-fouling surfaces and a host of other applications.</div>

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF S. MUTANS AND C. ALBICANS SURFACE ADHESION AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH AS OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS FOR TEMPORARY FIXED DENTURES

World of Medicine and Biology ◽

10.26724/2079-8334-2018-3-65-118-124 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (65) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

O. O. Fastovets ◽

R. A. Kotelevskyi ◽

R. Yu. Matviyenko

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Surface Adhesion ◽

Operational Characteristics

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A relay network of extracellular heme-binding proteins drives C. albicans iron acquisition from hemoglobin.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.719128551.793502000 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Bernhard Hube ◽

Duncan Wilson

Keyword(s):

Binding Proteins ◽

Iron Acquisition ◽

Relay Network ◽

Heme Binding

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Plant iron acquisition strategy exploited by an insect herbivore.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.733830023.793564687 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sergio Rasmann

Keyword(s):

Iron Acquisition ◽

Insect Herbivore ◽

Acquisition Strategy

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The Serratia marcescens Siderophore Serratiochelin Is Necessary for Full Virulence during Bloodstream Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00117-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danelle R. Weakland ◽

Sara N. Smith ◽

Bailey Bell ◽

Ashootosh Tripathi ◽

Harry L. T. Mobley

Keyword(s):

Serratia Marcescens ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Iron Acquisition ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Wild Type ◽

Serratia Plymuthica ◽

Content Type ◽

Cas Assay ◽

Essential Nutrient

ABSTRACT Serratia marcescens is a bacterium frequently found in the environment, but over the last several decades it has evolved into a concerning clinical pathogen, causing fatal bacteremia. To establish such infections, pathogens require specific nutrients; one very limited but essential nutrient is iron. We sought to characterize the iron acquisition systems in S. marcescens isolate UMH9, which was recovered from a clinical bloodstream infection. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified two predicted siderophore gene clusters (cbs and sch) that were regulated by iron. Mutants were constructed to delete each iron acquisition locus individually and in conjunction, generating both single and double mutants for the putative siderophore systems. Mutants lacking the sch gene cluster lost their iron-chelating ability as quantified by the chrome azurol S (CAS) assay, whereas the cbs mutant retained wild-type activity. Mass spectrometry-based analysis identified the chelating siderophore to be serratiochelin, a siderophore previously identified in Serratia plymuthica. Serratiochelin-producing mutants also displayed a decreased growth rate under iron-limited conditions created by dipyridyl added to LB medium. Additionally, mutants lacking serratiochelin were significantly outcompeted during cochallenge with wild-type UMH9 in the kidneys and spleen after inoculation via the tail vein in a bacteremia mouse model. This result was further confirmed by an independent challenge, suggesting that serratiochelin is required for full S. marcescens pathogenesis in the bloodstream. Nine other clinical isolates have at least 90% protein identity to the UMH9 serratiochelin system; therefore, our results are broadly applicable to emerging clinical isolates of S. marcescens causing bacteremia.

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Physiological and interactomic analysis reveals versatile functions of Arabidopsis 14-3-3 quadruple mutants in response to Fe deficiency

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94908-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Gao ◽

Paula J. M. van Kleeff ◽

Ka Wan Li ◽

Albertus H. de Boer

Keyword(s):

Iron Acquisition ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Fe Deficiency ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Functional Aspects ◽

Clear Explanation ◽

Physiological Analysis ◽

Proper Operation

AbstractTo date, few phenotypes have been described for Arabidopsis 14-3-3 mutants or the phenotypes showing the role of 14-3-3 in plant responding to abiotic stress. Although one member of the 14-3-3 protein family (14-3-3 omicron) was shown to be involved in the proper operation of Fe acquisition mechanisms at physiological and gene expression levels in Arabidopsis thaliana, it remains to be explored whether other members play a role in regulating iron acquisition. To more directly and effectively observe whether members of 14-3-3 non-epsilon group have a function in Fe-deficiency adaptation, three higher order quadruple KOs, kappa/lambda/phi/chi (klpc), kappa/lambda/upsilon/nu(klun), and upsilon/nu/phi/chi (unpc) were generated and studied for physiological analysis in this study. The analysis of iron-utilization efficiency, root phenotyping, and transcriptional level of Fe-responsive genes suggested that the mutant with kl background showed different phenotypes from Wt when plants suffered Fe starved, while these phenotypes were absent in the unpc mutant. Moreover, the absence of the four 14-3-3 isoforms in the klun mutant has a clear impact on the 14-3-3 interactome upon Fe deficiency. Dynamics of 14-3-3-client interactions analysis showed that 27 and 17 proteins differentially interacted with 14-3-3 in Wt and klun roots caused by Fe deficiency, respectively. Many of these Fe responsive proteins have a role in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle, the FoF1-synthase and in the cysteine/methionine synthesis. A clear explanation for the observed phenotypes awaits a more detailed analysis of the functional aspects of 14-3-3 binding to the target proteins identified in this study.

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Functionalization of Crumb Rubber Surface for the Incorporation into Asphalt Layers of Reduced Stiffness: An Overview of Existing Treatment Approaches

Recycling ◽

10.3390/recycling6010019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Christina Makoundou ◽

Kenth Johansson ◽

Viveca Wallqvist ◽

Cesare Sangiorgi

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Contaminant Removal ◽

Surface Adhesion ◽

Asphalt Mixes ◽

Plastic Recycling ◽

Physical Treatments ◽

Uv Ozone ◽

Reactive Properties ◽

Mineral Aggregates

The substitution of mineral aggregates with crumb rubber (CR) from waste end-of-life tires (ELTs) in the asphalt concretes, has been considered a sustainable paving industry approach. The rubber has been used to construct pavements with proven enhanced resilience and improved durability. However, some issues related to the rubber’s surface adhesion or swelling may arise with these practices and generate complications (binder consumption, temperatures, mixing times). One possible solution to overcome the materials’ compatibility problems is to pre-treat the CR’s surface before its incorporation into the asphalt mixes to allow a surface functionalization that can enhance coverage and cohesion inside the mixes. The physical treatments using radiations-based beam are already exploited in the plastic recycling industries avoiding the use of chemicals in considerable amounts. Such treatments permit the recovering of large quantities of polymer-based materials and the enhancement of interfacial properties. This article provides an overview of existing surface treatments of polymers and especially rubber, including gamma ray, UV-ozone, microwaves, and plasma. Several studies have shown an overall improvement of the rubber surface’s reactive properties due to contaminant removal or roughness enhancement attributed to cross-linking or scission reactions occurring on the rubber’s surface layer. With those properties, the asphalt mixes’ phase stability properties are increased when the pre-treated rubber is incorporated. The treatments would permit to increase the CR quantities, yet reduce the layer stiffness, and improve the durability and the sustainability of future advanced road pavements.

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Association between Maternal Origin, Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Caesarean Section: A Nation-Wide Registry Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5938

Author(s):

Fatou Jatta ◽

Johanne Sundby ◽

Siri Vangen ◽

Benedikte Victoria Lindskog ◽

Ingvil Krarup Sørbye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Maternal Origin ◽

Length Of Residence ◽

Sub Saharan

Aims: To explore the association between maternal origin and birthplace, and caesarean section (CS) by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and length of residence. Methods: We linked records from 118,459 primiparous women in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway between 2013 and 2017 with data from the National Population Register. We categorized pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) into underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9) and overweight/obese (≥25). Multinomial regression analysis estimated crude and adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for emergency and elective CS. Results: Compared to normal weight women from Norway, women from Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia/Pacific had a decreased risk of elective CS (aRRR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.37–0.87 and aRRR = 0.56, 0.41–0.77, respectively). Overweight/obese women from Europe/Central Asia had the highest risk of elective CS (aRRR = 1.42, 1.09–1.86). Both normal weight and overweight/obese Sub-Saharan African women had the highest risks of emergency CS (aRRR = 2.61, 2.28-2.99; 2.18, 1.81-2.63, respectively). Compared to women from high-income countries, the risk of elective CS was increasing with a longer length of residence among European/Central Asian women. Newly arrived migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest risk of emergency CS. Conclusion: Women from Sub-Saharan Africa had more than two times the risk of emergency CS compared to women originating from Norway, regardless of pre-pregnancy BMI.

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