scholarly journals HLA-A*03:01 is associated with increased risk of fever, chills, and stronger side effects from Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination

2022 ◽  
pp. 100084
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bolze ◽  
Iva Neveux ◽  
Kelly M. Schiabor Barrett ◽  
Simon White ◽  
Magnus Isaksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Manuela Di Lauro ◽  
Francesca Di Daniele ◽  
Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Clinic Management ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation characterized by a plethora of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All MetS comorbidities participate to induce a low-grade inflammation state and oxidative stress, typical of this syndrome. MetS is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death, with an important impact on health-care costs. For its clinic management a poly-pharmaceutical therapy is often required, but this can cause side effects and reduce the patient’s compliance. For this reason, finding a valid and alternative therapeutic strategy, natural and free of side effects, could represent a useful tool in the fight the MetS. In this context, the use of functional foods, and the assumption of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), could exert beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism control, on endothelial damage, on the improvement of lipid profile, on the inflammatory state, and on oxidative stress. This review focuses on the possible beneficial role of NBCs in the prevention and in the clinical management of MetS and its comorbidities.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
John F. Peppin ◽  
Joseph V. Pergolizzi ◽  
Robert B. Raffa ◽  
Steven L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Data

The authors summarize the harmful and understudied aspects of the overuse of benzodiazepines. Increased and longer-term use of benzodiazepines has been observed to lead to side effects such as sedation, cognitive issues, abuse, and dependence, as well as many other unanticipated side effects that do not fit their known mechanism of action in the central nervous system. Data also shows a correlation between concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids and increased risk of death from overdose. The authors advocate for stricter guidelines for prescribing benzodiazepines, as well as close clinical monitor and shorter-term treatment plans.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds for the Management of Parkinson’s Disease and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Corona
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown aetiology. The pathogenic mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein dysfunction, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and abnormal deposition of α-synuclein. Currently, the existing pharmacological treatments for PD cannot improve fundamentally the degenerative process of dopaminergic neurons and have numerous side effects. On the other hand, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and is characterised by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The aetiology of ADHD remains unknown, although it has been suggested that its pathophysiology involves abnormalities in several brain regions, disturbances of the catecholaminergic pathway, and oxidative stress. Psychostimulants and nonpsychostimulants are the drugs prescribed for the treatment of ADHD; however, they have been associated with increased risk of substance use and have several side effects. Today, there are very few tools available to prevent or to counteract the progression of such neurological disorders. Thus, therapeutic approaches with high efficiency and fewer side effects are needed. This review presents a brief overview of the two neurological disorders and their current treatments, followed by a discussion of the natural compounds which have been studied as therapeutic agents and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects, in particular, the decrease in oxidative stress.

Domperidone Versus Metoclopramide: Self-Reported Side Effects in a Large Sample of Breastfeeding Mothers Who Used These Medications to Increase Milk Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Hale ◽  
Kathleen Kendall-Tackett ◽  
Zhen Cong
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rare Side Effect ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Side Effects

Introduction: Metoclopramide and domperidone are medications that block dopamine receptors on the lactotrophs, allowing prolactin levels to rise. Both medications are prescribed to boost milk production in mothers with low milk production due to hypoprolactinemia. The Food and Drug Administration has not approved the use of domperidone in the U.S. because of concerns about increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Metoclopramide is often recommended instead. Unfortunately, metoclopramide affects the central nervous system (CNS) and increases the risk of both depression and tardive dyskinesia (TD).Method: The present study is an online survey of self-reported side effects of 1,990 mothers, representing 25 countries, who took metoclopramide, domperidone, or both medications to enhance milk production. Data were collected in 2010.Results: The results indicated that side effects, in general, affected only a small percentage of women who took either medication. Women were 3.6 times more likely to report no side effects when taking domperidone vs. metoclopramide. There were no significant differences in cardiac arrhythmias for women who took metoclopramide versus domperidone. Racing heart was more common with metoclopramide. Less than 1% reported these symptoms in both groups. However, CNS effects were significantly more common in women who took metoclopramide. Risk of depression increased by seven times, and symptoms of TD (tremors, involuntary grimaces, and jerking) increased by 4 to 19 times when women took metoclopramide.Discussion: The results of the present study are preliminary, but suggest that cardiac arrhythmias are a rare side effect with both medications. The CNS side effects with metoclopramide are more concerning, particularly depression and TD. It is hoped that the recommendations regarding the relative safety of these medications will be re-examined in light of these findings.

scholarly journals Decreased Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Treated With Tocilizumab: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishnu Malgie ◽  
Jan W Schoones ◽  
Bart G Pijls
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background We systematically reviewed the literature to answer the following research questions: (1) Does interleukin 6 (IL-6) (receptor) antagonist therapy reduce mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients compared to patients not treated with IL-6 (receptor) antagonists; and (2) is there an increased risk of side effects in COVID-19 patients treated with IL-6 (receptor) antagonists compared to patients not treated with IL-6 (receptor) antagonists? Methods We systematically searched PubMed, PMC PubMed Central, Medline, World Health Organization COVID-19 Database, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Emcare, and Academic Search Premier (through 30 June 2020). Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the risk ratios and risk differences of individual studies. Risk of bias was appraised using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) checklist. Results The search strategy retrieved 743 unique titles, of which 10 studies (all on tocilizumab [TCZ]) comprising 1358 patients were included. Nine of 10 studies were considered to be of high quality. Meta-analysis showed that the TCZ group had lower mortality than the control group. The risk ratio was 0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], .12–.59) and the risk difference was 12% (95% CI, 4.6%–20%) in favor of the TCZ group. With only a few studies available, there were no differences observed regarding side effects. Conclusions Our results showed that mortality was 12% lower for COVID-19 patients treated with TCZ compared with those not treated with TCZ. The number needed to treat was 11, suggesting that for every 11 (severe) COVID-19 patients treated with TCZ, 1 death is prevented. These results require confirmation by randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals Use of information sources regarding medicine side effects among the general population: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine O’Donovan ◽  
Ruth M. Rodgers ◽  
Anthony R. Cox ◽  
Janet Krska
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Use Of Information Sources

Abstract Aim: To determine the use and perceived value of different information sources that patients may use to support identification of medicine side effects; to explore associations between coping styles and use of information sources. Background: Side effects from medicines can have considerable negative impact on peoples’ daily lives. As a result of an ageing UK population and attendant multi-morbidity, an increasing number of medicines are being prescribed for patients, leading to increased risk of unintended side effects. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of patients who use medicine, recruited from community pharmacies. The survey sought views on attributes of various information sources, their predicted and actual use, incorporating a shortened Side Effects Coping Questionnaire (SECope) scale and the abbreviated Miller Behavioural Style Scale (MBSS). Findings: Of 935 questionnaires distributed, 230 (25.0%) were returned, 61.3% from females; 44.7% were retired and 84.6% used at least one medicine regularly. 69.6% had experienced a side effect, resulting in 57.5% of these stopping the medicine. Patient information leaflets (PILs) and GPs were both predicted and actually most widely used sources, despite GPs being judged as relatively less accessible and PILs less trustworthy, particularly by regular medicine users. Pharmacists, considered both easy to access and trustworthy, were used by few in practice, while the internet was considered easy to access, but less trustworthy and was also little used. SECope sub-scales for non-adherence and information seeking showed positive associations with stopping a medicine and seeking information from a health professional. More high monitors than low monitors stopped a medicine themselves, but there were no differences in use of information sources. Information seeking following a side effect is a common strategy, potentially predicted by the SECope, but not the MBSS. Limited GP accessibility could contribute to high internet use. Further research could determine how the trustworthiness of PILs can be improved.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Polymorphisms and Metabolic Measures in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Patients Taking Antipsychotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Burghardt ◽  
Kristen N. Gardner ◽  
Joshua W. Johnson ◽  
Vicki L. Ellingrod
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Metabolic Side Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Atypical antipsychotics have become a common therapeutic option in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, these medications come with a high risk of metabolic side effects, particularly dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Therefore, identification of patients who are at increased risk for metabolic side effects is of great importance. The genetics of fatty acid metabolism is one area of research that may help identify such patients. Therefore, in this present study, we aimed to determine the effect of one commonly studied genetic polymorphism from both fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and FADS2 gene on a surrogate measure of insulin resistance and lipid levels in a metabolically high-risk population of patients largely exposed to atypical antipsychotics. This study used a cross-sectional design, fasting blood draws, and genetic analysis to investigate associations between polymorphisms, haplotypes, and metabolic measures. A total of 320 subjects with schizophrenia (n=226) or bipolar disorder (n=94) were included in this study. The mean age of the population was 42.5 years and 45% were male. A significant association between FADS1 and FADS2 haplotypes was found with insulin resistance while controlling for confounders. Further investigation is required to replicate this finding.

Atypical Antipsychotics: Impact on Overall Health and Quality of Life

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. S9-S17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Concomitant Medications ◽  
Gait Disturbances

The use of antipsychotic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia requires a detailed assessment of patient history, including comorbidities and concomitant medications. Because all antipsychotics may produce a complex array of adverse effects, the patient’s drug therapy may lead to exacerbation of pre-existent health problems and impaired quality of life. The occurrence of drug-related side effects such as cardiac disturbances, diabetes, and obesity is important to document for these patients, especially if they are already at increased risk because of underlying disease, substance abuse, or smoking. Antipsychotics may also cause anticholinergic effects, gait disturbances, and excessive sedation, which are particularly important reactions to monitor in elderly patients. Psychiatric nurses need to be aware of the risk for these side effects in relation to patients’ new or ongoing medication so that potentially serious events can be recognized and corrected. Appropriate patient education about medication is also an important component in helping patients to recognize and manage side effects and to gain the most from their drug therapy.

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