Influence of Inhibitors of Gene Expression on Processes of Cell Specialization during the Idiophase Development of Penicillium cyclopium Westling1)1)On occasion of the 75th anniversary of his birthday dedicated to Prof. Dr. Drs. h. c. K. Mothes who initiated and for so many years has stimulated our work on secondary metabolism.

1975 ◽  
Vol 168 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. El Kousy ◽  
E. Pfeiffer ◽  
G. Ininger ◽  
W. Roos ◽  
M. Luckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Penicillium Cyclopium ◽  
Cell Specialization

scholarly journals Differential Response to Water Deficit in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Growing in Two Types of Soil Under Different Irrigation Regimes

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Israel Macias-Bobadilla ◽  
Marcela Vargas-Hernandez ◽  
Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez ◽  
Enrique Rico-Garcia ◽  
Rosalia V. Ocampo-Velazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Pepper Plants

Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the most economically important horticultural crops in the world; its production for the food and pharmaceutical industries has been increasing worldwide. The economic importance of this crop is due, in part, to the nutraceutical properties derived from its secondary metabolism. Drought is the main environmental factor that affects crop production. Nevertheless, studies involving water deficit have considered short-term responses to sharp water deficit rather than long-term acclimation processes through moderate and gradually increasing water deficits, which omitted the dynamics and profile of the secondary metabolism that are part of the plant’s defence system against this stress factor. The present study aimed to identify the different mechanisms that chili pepper plants use to cope with drought stress using a progressive decrease and increase of water availability, conditions that commonly occur for crops in open fields. Four treatments were applied as follows: gradual water deficit (GWD), initial waterlogging with gradual water deficit (IWGD), sudden water deficit with gradual recovery (SWDR), and no deficit of water (NDW). These conditions should represent a more real situation similar to that faced by plants in the agricultural environment. In order to evaluate the response mechanisms associated with these water deficits, changes in phenological variables, proline accumulation, and the gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in chili pepper plants growing on land under different irrigation regimes in two contrasting soil types in areas where chili pepper plants are cultivated in central Mexico. The variables evaluated showed a differentiated response of the mechanisms in plants growing under different levels of water deficit. Given the differential response observed for the gene expression and morphological and biochemical variables studied in chili pepper plants against different water regimes, in this work, this may have implications for more efficient use of water in crops with high nutraceutical content, in addition to prospects for using products derived from secondary metabolism in the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Phylogenomic Analyses of Non-Dikarya Fungi Supports Horizontal Gene Transfer Driving Diversification of Secondary Metabolism in the Amphibian Gastrointestinal Symbiont, Basidiobolus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3417-3433
Author(s):  
Javier F Tabima ◽  
Ian A Trautman ◽  
Ying Chang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Stephen Mondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Constitutive Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Siderophore Activity

Abstract Research into secondary metabolism (SM) production by fungi has resulted in the discovery of diverse, biologically active compounds with significant medicinal applications. The fungi rich in SM production are taxonomically concentrated in the subkingdom Dikarya, which comprises the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Here, we explore the potential for SM production in Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota, two phyla of nonflagellated fungi that are not members of Dikarya, by predicting and identifying core genes and gene clusters involved in SM. The majority of non-Dikarya have few genes and gene clusters involved in SM production except for the amphibian gut symbionts in the genus Basidiobolus. Basidiobolus genomes exhibit an enrichment of SM genes involved in siderophore, surfactin-like, and terpene cyclase production, all these with evidence of constitutive gene expression. Gene expression and chemical assays also confirm that Basidiobolus has significant siderophore activity. The expansion of SMs in Basidiobolus are partially due to horizontal gene transfer from bacteria, likely as a consequence of its ecology as an amphibian gut endosymbiont.

scholarly journals Systems Metabolic Alteration in a Semi-Dwarf Rice Mutant Induced by OsCYP96B4 Gene Mutation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limiao Jiang ◽  
Rengasamy Ramamoorthy ◽  
Srinivasan Ramachandran ◽  
Prakash P. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Choline Metabolism ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Dwarfism and semi-dwarfism are among the most valuable agronomic traits in crop breeding, which were adopted by the “Green Revolution”. Previously, we reported a novel semi-dwarf rice mutant (oscyp96b4) derived from the insertion of a single copy of Dissociator (Ds) transposon into the gene OsCYP96B4. However, the systems metabolic effect of the mutation is not well understood, which is important for understanding the gene function and developing new semi-dwarf mutants. Here, the metabolic phenotypes in the semi-dwarf mutant (M) and ectopic expression (ECE) rice line were compared to the wild-type (WT) rice, by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Compared with WT, ECE of the OsCYP96B4 gene resulted in significant increase of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), glutamine, and alanine, but significant decrease of glutamate, aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and some other amino acids. The ECE caused significant increase of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), but significant decrease of disaccharide (sucrose); induced significant changes of metabolites involved in choline metabolism (phosphocholine, ethanolamine) and nucleotide metabolism (adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, uridine). These metabolic profile alterations were accompanied with changes in the gene expression levels of some related enzymes, involved in GABA shunt, glutamate and glutamine metabolism, choline metabolism, sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, nucleotide metabolism, and shikimate-mediated secondary metabolism. The semi-dwarf mutant showed corresponding but less pronounced changes, especially in the gene expression levels. It indicates that OsCYP96B4 gene mutation in rice causes significant alteration in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and shikimate-mediated secondary metabolism. The present study will provide essential information for the OsCYP96B4 gene function analysis and may serve as valuable reference data for the development of new semi-dwarf mutants.

Metabolic development and mitochondrial changes during cyclopiazonic acid production in Penicillium cyclopium

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 856-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne C. Neethling ◽  
Robert M. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Penicillium Cyclopium ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Atp Generation ◽  
Rate Limiting

During a study of cyclopiazonic acid (total α- and β-cyclopiazonic acids, CA) production by Penicillium cyclopium Westling, it was found that nitrogen depletion controlled the advent of secondary metabolism and that nitrate reduction was not rate-limiting. In concert with N depletion both tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis and glucose catabolism fell. The rate of Trp production dropped to match the rate of CA biosynthesis. Glucose utilization varied between an early and late preference for the pentose cycle, with a mixture of pentose and Emden–Meyerhof pathways at an intermediate time. This pattern may well reflect the need for erythrose-4-phosphate in Trp biosynthesis. Additions of Trp caused a drop in CA production possibly because of repression of Trp synthetase. Exogeneous dimethylallylpyrophosphate (DMAPP) increased CA biosynthesis, while mevalonic acid had no effect which suggested a rate-limiting step between these two metabolites. These changes probably best fit Bu'Lock's hypothesis that secondary metabolism links fermentative and aerobic metabolism (ATP generation). In this case protein and polyisoprenoid biosynthesis, sugar utilization, and energy requirements would all be interlocked with the advent of secondary metabolism. The possible relationship between the observed metabolic changes and energy control were supported by electron-microscopic examination of the mitochondria in situ, when these ATP-generating organelles underwent major changes. Addition of ATP to the culture depressed CA production, as did excessive aeration. The metabolic regulator cAMP had no effect other than to increase autocatalysis.

scholarly journals Chitin-Induced Gene Expression in Secondary Metabolic Pathways of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Grown in Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Nazari ◽  
Michihiko Kobayashi ◽  
Akihiro Saito ◽  
Azam Hassaninasab ◽  
Kiyotaka Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Microarray Analyses

ABSTRACTMicroarray analyses revealed that the expression of genes for secondary metabolism together with that of primary metabolic genes was induced by chitin in autoclaved soil cultures ofStreptomyces coelicolorA3(2). The data also indicated that DasR was involved in the regulation of gene expression for chitin catabolism, secondary metabolism, and stress responses.

scholarly journals Expression atlas of Selaginella moellendorffii provides insights into the evolution of vasculature, secondary metabolism and roots

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Ferrari ◽  
Devendra Shivhare ◽  
Bjoern Oest Hansen ◽  
Nikola Winter ◽  
Asher Pasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
List Type ◽  
Expression Atlas ◽  
Gene Modules ◽  
Selaginella Moellendorffii

SummaryThe lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii represents early vascular plants and is studied to understand the evolution of higher plant traits such as the vasculature, leaves, stems, roots, and secondary metabolism. However, little is known about the gene expression and transcriptional coordination of Selaginella genes, which precludes us from understanding the evolution of transcriptional programs behind these traits.We here present a gene expression atlas comprising all major organs, tissue types, and the diurnal gene expression profiles for S. moellendorffii. The atlas is part of the CoNekT-Plants database (conekt.plant.tools), which enables comparative transcriptomic analyses across two algae and seven land plants.We show that the transcriptional gene module responsible for the biosynthesis of lignocellulose evolved in the ancestor of vascular plants, and pinpoint the duplication and subfunctionalization events that generated multiple gene modules involved in the biosynthesis of various cell wall types. We further demonstrate how secondary metabolism is transcriptionally coordinated and integrated with other cellular pathways. Finally, we identify root-specific genes in vascular plants and show that the evolution of roots did not coincide with an increased appearance of gene families, suggesting that the existing genetic material was sufficient to generate new organs.Our updated database at conekt.plant.tools provides a unique resource to study the evolution of genes, gene families, transcriptomes, and functional gene modules in the Archaeplastida kingdom.

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