LDL from aerobically-trained subjects shows higher resistance to oxidative modification than LDL from sedentary subjects

1997 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sánchez-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Sedentary Subjects ◽  
Aerobically Trained

Effects of fatty acids on exercise plus insulin-induced glucose utilization in trained and sedentary subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. E125-E131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Matzinger ◽  
Philippe Schneiter ◽  
Luc Tappy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Lipid Infusion ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Fatty acids are known to decrease insulin-mediated glucose utilization in humans, both at rest and during exercise. To evaluate the effect of endurance training in this process, we infused lipids or saline in groups of sedentary and highly trained subjects. Whole body glucose utilization and substrate oxidation were monitored during a 2.5-h hyperinsulinemic clamp. During the last 30 min, a cycling exercise was superimposed. During hyperinsulinemia at rest, whole body glucose utilization and glucose oxidation were higher in trained subjects than in sedentary subjects. Compared with the control experiments with the antilipolytic agent acipimox, lipid infusion stimulated lipid oxidation to the same extent in trained as in sedentary subjects. It reduced whole body glucose utilization by 37% in trained and by 41% in sedentary subjects. During exercise, lipid infusion increased more lipid oxidation in trained than in sedentary subjects and reduced whole body glucose utilization by 43 ± 4% in trained and by 22 ± 4% in sedentary subjects ( P < 0.01). The present data indicate that lipid infusion has similar effects on lipid oxidation and whole body glucose utilization during hyperinsulinemia at rest in trained and sedentary subjects. During exercise, however, it increases more lipid oxidation and produces a more important reduction in glucose utilization in trained than in sedentary subjects. These results suggest that endurance training enhances the inhibitory effect of lipids on whole body glucose metabolism during exercise.

Exercise effects on chromium excretion of trained and untrained men consuming a constant diet

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Anderson ◽  
N. A. Bryden ◽  
M. M. Polansky ◽  
P. A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Trained Runners ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Chromium excretion of eight trained and five sedentary men was determined on rest days and after exercise to exhaustion at 90% of maximum O2 consumption (VO2max) to determine if degree of physical fitness affects urinary Cr losses. Subjects were fed a constant daily diet containing approximately 9 micrograms Cr/1,000 kcal. VO2max of the trained runners was in the good or above range based on their age and that of the sedentary subjects was average or below. While consuming the control diet, basal urinary Cr excretion of subjects who exercise regularly was significantly lower than that of the sedentary control subjects, 0.09 +/- 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.03 microgram/day (mean +/- SE), respectively. When subjects consumed self-chosen diets, basal urinary Cr excretion of the trained subjects was also significantly lower than that of the untrained subjects. Daily urinary Cr excretion of trained subjects was significantly higher on the day of a single exercise bout at 90% VO2max compared with nonexercise days, 0.12 +/- 0.02 and 0.09 +/- 0.01 microgram/day, respectively. Urinary Cr excretion of sedentary subjects was not altered after controlled exercise. These data demonstrate that basal urinary Cr excretion and excretion in response to exercise are related to VO2max and therefore degree of physical fitness.

Lower thermic effect of a meal post-exercise in aerobically trained and resistance-trained subjects

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 825???830 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIE A. GILBERT ◽  
JAMES E. MISNER ◽  
RICHARD A. BOILEAU ◽  
LILI JI ◽  
MARY H. SLAUGHTER
Keyword(s):  
Post Exercise ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Thermic Effect ◽  
Aerobically Trained

Heart Rate Variability in Aerobically Trained Subjects vs. Untrained Subjects in Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Wilson ◽  
Richard Bradley ◽  
Jennifer M. Shin ◽  
Brandon Trafton ◽  
Roberto Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Aerobically Trained

Exercise-induced oxidative stress leads hemolysis in sedentary but not trained humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ümit Kemal Şentürk ◽  
Filiz Gündüz ◽  
Oktay Kuru ◽  
Günnur Koçer ◽  
Yaşar Gül Özkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Intravascular hemolysis is one of the most emphasized mechanisms for destruction of erythrocytes during and after physical activity. Exercise-induced oxidative stress has been proposed among the different factors for explaining exercise-induced hemolysis. The validity of oxidative stress following exhaustive cycling exercise on erythrocyte damage was investigated in sedentary and trained subjects before and after antioxidant vitamin treatment (A, C, and E) for 2 mo. Exercise induced a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance and protein carbonyl content levels in sedentary subjects and resulted in an increase of osmotic fragility and decrease in deformability of erythrocytes, accompanied by signs for intravascular hemolysis (increase in plasma hemoglobin concentration and decrease in haptoglobulin levels). Administration of antioxidant vitamins for 2 mo prevented exercise-induced oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance, protein carbonyl content) and deleterious effects of exhaustive exercise on erythrocytes in sedentary subjects. Trained subjects' erythrocyte responses to exercise were different from those of sedentary subjects before antioxidant vitamin treatment. Osmotic fragility and deformability of erythrocytes, plasma hemoglobin concentration, and haptoglobulin levels were not changed after exercise, although the increased oxidative stress was observed in trained subjects. After antioxidant vitamin treatment, functional and structural parameters of erythrocytes were not altered in the trained group, but exercise-induced oxidative stress was prevented. Increased percentage of young erythrocyte populations was determined in trained subjects by density separation of erythrocytes. These findings suggest that the exercise-induced oxidative stress may contribute to exercise-induced hemolysis in sedentary humans.

Relationships Among Muscle Fiber Type, Electromyography, and Mechanomyography During Fatigue In Resistance- vs. Aerobically-Trained Subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S179
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Weir ◽  
Andy C. Fry ◽  
Joel T. Cramer ◽  
Brian K. Schilling ◽  
Travis W. Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fiber Type ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Aerobically Trained

Intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived glucose effectiveness in physically trained humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. E298-E303 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tokuyama ◽  
Y. Higaki ◽  
J. Fujitani ◽  
A. Kiyonaga ◽  
H. Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Glucose Output ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Glucose effectiveness (SG) and insulin sensitivity of sedentary and physically trained males were estimated by the minimal model approach. Trained subjects, who ran 86 +/- 10 km/wk and had 37% higher maximal oxygen consumption than that of sedentary subjects (56.2 +/- 1.2 vs. 40.9 +/- 1.4 ml.kg-1 x min-1, P < 0.01), were studied 16 h and 1 wk after their last training session. After overnight fasting, glucose was administered intravenously (300 mg/kg body wt) within 2 min, and insulin was infused (approximately 13-20 mU/kg given over 5 min) from 20 to 25 min after administration of glucose. Glucose disappearance constant values as an estimate of glucose tolerance were significantly higher in trained subjects after 16 h and 1 wk of their training session (3.29 +/- 0.48 and 3.60 +/- 0.64%/min) than in sedentary subjects (1.92 +/- 0.30%/min, P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity in trained subjects measured after 16 h and 1 wk of their last training session (26.2 +/- 4.4 and 24.3 +/- 6.0 x 10(-5) min-1 x pM-1) was also higher than that of sedentary subjects (10.3 +/- 1.2 x 10(-5) min-1 x pM-1, P < 0.05). SG, the ability of glucose itself to increase peripheral glucose uptake and suppress hepatic glucose output, was significantly higher in trained subjects after 16 h and 1 wk of their last training session (0.028 +/- 0.003 and 0.030 +/- 0.004/min) than in sedentary subjects (0.017 +/- 0.002/min, P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Level of physical fitness and adipocyte lipolysis in humans

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Despres ◽  
C. Bouchard ◽  
R. Savard ◽  
A. Tremblay ◽  
M. Marcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Isolated Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

The present experiment was conducted to study the influence of exercise training on adipose tissue lipolytic activity and to identify the amount of training required to induce maximal adaptation in humans. Fifty-one male subjects were divided into three groups according to their training regimen: 1) sedentary subjects (SS) (n = 21); 2) trained subjects (TS) (n = 15) who had exercised during a period of 20 wk, 5 days/wk, 45 min/session; and 3) experienced marathon runners (MR) (n = 15) who ran an average of 120 km/wk for many years. Biopsies of fat were performed in the suprailiac region after an overnight fast. Adipocyte diameter (AD) and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis ( ESL ) were assessed on collagenase-isolated fat cells. A lower AD was noted in the MR group compared with the two other groups. Basal lipolysis (BL) and ESL were significantly higher in TS and MR than in controls. Moreover, BL values were comparable in the two trained groups, whereas ESL in the TS group was higher than in the MR group. These results indicate that training increases suprailiac fat cell lipolysis, which seems to adapt maximally within about 4 mo.

Effect of training/detraining on submaximal exercise responses in humans

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1719-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Moore ◽  
E. M. Thacker ◽  
G. A. Kelley ◽  
T. I. Musch ◽  
L. I. Sinoway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Human subjects participated in a training/detraining paradigm which consisted of 7 wk of intense endurance training followed by 3 wk of inactivity. In previously sedentary subjects, training produced a 23.9 +/- 7.2% increase in maximal aerobic power (V02max) (group S). Detraining did not affect group S V02max. In previously trained subjects (group T), the training/detraining paradigm did not affect V02max. In group S, training produced an increase in vastus lateralis muscle citrate synthase (CS) activities (nmol.mg protein-1. min-1) from 67.1 +/- 14.5 to 106.9 +/- 22.0. Detraining produced a decrease in CS activity to 80 +/- 14.6. In group T, pretraining CS activity (139.5 +/- 14.9) did not change in response to training. Detraining, however, produced a decrease in CS activity (121.5 +/- 7.8 to 66.8 +/- 5.9). Group S respiratory exchange ratios obtained during submaximal exercise at 60% V02max (R60) decreased in response to training (1.00 +/- 0.02 to 0.87 +/- 0.02) and increased (0.96 +/- 0.02) after detraining. Group T R60 (0.91 +/- 0.01) was not affected by training but increased (0.89 +/- 0.02 to 0.95 +/- 0.02) after detraining. R60 was correlated to changes in CS activity but was unrelated to changes in V02max. These data support the hypothesis that the mitochondrial content of working skeletal muscle is an important determinant of substrate utilization during submaximal exercise.

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