scholarly journals Bacterial Colonization in the Developing Gastrointestinal Tract: Role in the Pathogenesis of Intestinal Diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Ning SHI ◽  
W. Allan WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Intestinal Diseases

scholarly journals Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases: Review and Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahreema Jawairia ◽  
Ghulamullah Shahzad ◽  
Paul Mustacchia
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Inflammation ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are a progressively more frequent diverse group of intestinal diseases. The intention of this paper is to present the newest developments in the care of patients with EGIDs and to sum up a rising literature defining the clinical features and mechanistic elements of eosinophils and their intricate associations with the gastrointestinal tract. Clinicians ought to stay sensitive to EGIDs as a diagnostic likelihood for patients with general gastrointestinal symptoms. Further research is warranted to establish various methods leading to dysfunction coupled with eosinophilic gastrointestinal inflammation.

Breath hydrogen in preterm infants: Correlation with changes in bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Stevenson ◽  
Susan M. Shahin ◽  
Clinton R. Ostrander ◽  
John A. Kerner ◽  
Ronald S. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Breath Hydrogen

Preparation of Microencapsulated Symbiotic Complex of Probiotics based on Lactobacillus helveticus using Alginate and Chitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
D.K. Toropov ◽  
T.S. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Aggressive Environment ◽  
Aggressive Action ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Complex Equipment ◽  
Extrusion Method

Various technologies for producing different forms of probiotic preparations including Vitaflor have been compared. This preparation was created based on two symbiotic Lactobacillus helveticus strains, D-75 and D-76, with proven effects of syntrophy and synergism. It is produced in the form of freeze-dried lactobacilli biomass. It was shown that the biological activity of Vitaflor in an aggressive environment of the gastrointestinal tract (GET) was reduced to a level that excluded both bacterial colonization and therapeutic effect. Alginate-chitosan microcapsules containing the Vitaflor symbiotic complex protected the microorganisms from the aggressive action of the GET medium and provided their time-controlled release. The emulsion encapsulation turned out to be most effective: the protection of live lactobacilli was 5 orders of magnitude higher than that in the Vitaflor preparation and 3 orders of magnitude higher than with the extrusion method of obtaining microcapsules. The emulsion encapsulation developed for Vitaflor can be applied to other microorganisms; the technique is rather simple, easily scalable and does not require complex equipment. probiotics, Lactobacillus helveticus, microencapsulation technology, natural polysaccharides, alginate, chitosan

Dietetics of gastric and intestinal diseases

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1298-1298
Author(s):  
S. S. Zimnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Diseases

First of all, the first section of the book, written by Prof. Boas, gives us the general principles and acquaints us with the conditions of expediency and rules of diegetic treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and then deals with issues of private diegetics.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Luminal and Mucosa-Associated Microbiome along the Gastrointestinal Tract: Results from Surgically Treated Preterm Infants and a Murine Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Klymiuk ◽  
Georg Singer ◽  
Christoph Castellani ◽  
Slave Trajanoski ◽  
Beate Obermüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Microbial Composition

Environmental factors, including nutritional habits or birth mode, are known key determinants for intestinal microbial composition. Investigations of the intestinal microbiome in different species in a multiplicity of studies during recent decades have revealed differential microbial patterns and quantities along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Characterization of the microbial pattern in various aspects is a prerequisite for nutritional interventions. In this 16S rRNA amplicon-based approach, we present a characterization of the mucosa-associated microbiome in comparison with the luminal community of four infants at the time of the closure of ileostomies and perform a systematic characterization of the corresponding luminal and mucosal microbiome from jejunal, ileal and colonic regions, as well as collected feces in mice. The most dominant taxa in infant-derived samples altered due to individual differences, and in the mucosa, Enterococcus, Clostridiumsensustricto1, Veillonella, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were the most abundant. Two less abundant taxa differed significantly between the mucosa and lumen. In murine samples, relative abundances differed significantly, mainly between the intestinal regions. Significant differences between mouse mucosa- and lumen-derived samples could be found in the observed species with a trend to lower estimated diversity in mucosa-derived samples, as well as in the relative abundance of individual taxa. In this study, we examined the difference between the mucosal and luminal bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in a small sample cohort of preterm infants. Individual differences were characterized and statistical significance was reached in two taxa (Cupriavidus, Ralstonia). The corresponding study on the different murine intestinal regions along the GI tract showed differences all over the intestinal region.

scholarly journals The present conception of neonatal microbiome formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
S.V. Popov ◽  
O.I. Smiian ◽  
A.O. Profatylo
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Amniotic Cavity ◽  
Clinically Significant

The neonatal period is critical in the development of the microbiome and the gastrointestinal tract. That is, the microbiome regulates not only the processes that are associated with the basic functions of the gastrointestinal tract, but is associated with the content of vitamins and micronutrients, affects the development of the nervous and endocrine systems of newborns. Fortunately, microbiome and immunity of pregnant get ready the infant for his inevitable complications. Although preterm birth has been connected with bacterial colonization of the amniotic cavity for many years, the dogma of a sterile intrauterine environment during a normal pregnancy has appeared only recently. Numerous placental microbiome and the occurrence of microorganisms in the amniotic cavity in normal pregnancy was demonstrated by metagenomic sequencing. The occurrence of microorganisms in intestine got from the operating room during resection of intestinal abnormalities immediately after birth and before feeding was also found in neonates born by caesarean section. In this literature review, we explore the update understanding of microbial colonization of the intestine and foundation of function of the gastrointestinal tract. We discuss how mother’s genital and extragenital pathologies, her diet, lifestyle, taking drugs during pregnancy form the microbiome of the fetus and its further development in the neonatal period. Also, equally important for the establishment of the neonatal microbiome are gestational age, mode of delivery, type of feeding and medication, including antibiotics. Therefore, in our opinion, the comparison of microbiota of a full-term newborn in vaginal birth and an infant born prematurely or by cesarean section is clinically significant for physicians in various fields. The study of changes in the microbial composition of the intestine is an important step in the diagnosis of pathological conditions in this period.

New Prospects of Cytoprotection in the Treatment and Prevention of Gastric and Intestinal Diseases (Resolution of an Expert Council and Literature Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
A. I. Martynov ◽  
A. A. Sheptulin ◽  
I. V. Mayev ◽  
A. N. Kazyulin ◽  
A. Ye. Karateev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Council Meeting ◽  
Antithrombotic Drugs ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Intestinal Mucous Membrane ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions

Aim. To generalize up-to-date information on the possibilities of cytoprotection in the treatment and prevention of gastric and intestinal diseases, as well as to present the materials of an Expert Council meeting held on February 8, 2020 in Moscow under the support of the Alium company.General provisions. The conducted Expert Council meeting was aimed at discussing the importance of improving the cytoprotective properties of the gastric and intestinal mucous membrane in the treatment of its lesions. It was shown that Rebamipide exhibits positive effects on various parts of the protective barrier of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), primarily due to its stimulating action on the production of prostaglandins playing a key role in maintaining the cytoprotective properties of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The possibilities of applying Rebamipide for the treatment and prevention of erosive and ulcerative gastrointestinal lesions caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) and antithrombotic drugs were demonstrated. In the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Rebamipide is recommended for patients refractory to therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and for those with non-acid reflux. The efficacy of Rebamipide in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, as well as functional dyspepsia and chronic gastritis, was confirmed.Conclusions. Rebamipid is a highly effective drug positively affecting various cytoprotection links, thus being suitable for the treatment and prevention of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as gastroenterological diseases of various etiologies.Conflict of interest: The Expert Council meeting was supported by the Alium company.

scholarly journals Analysis of incidence and risk factors of the multidrug resistant gastrointestinal tract infection in children and adolescents undergoing allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: a nationwide study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Salamonowicz-Bodzioch ◽  
Jowita Frączkiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Czyżewski ◽  
Olga Zając-Spychała ◽  
Ewa Gorczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

AbstractThe aim of this multi-center study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical course, and risk factors for bacterial multidrug-resistant (MDR) gastrointestinal tract infections (GTI) among children undergoing allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. A total number of 175 pediatric patients (aged 1–18 years), transplanted between January 2018 and December 2019, who were tested for bacterial colonization/infection were enrolled into this multi-center analysis. Episodes of MDR GTI occurred in 77/175 (44%) patients. In multivariate analysis for higher GTI incidence, the following factors were significant: matched-unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation, HLA mismatch, presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and gut GVHD. The most common GTI were Clostridium difficile (CDI), multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli extended-spectrum β-lactamase), and Enterococcus HLAR (high-level aminoglycoside-resistant). No MDR GTI–attributed deaths were reported. MDR GTI is a frequent complication after HCT among children, causes prolonged hospitalization, but rarely contributes to death. We identified risk factors of MDR GTI development in children, with focus on GVHD and unrelated donor and HLA mismatch. We conclude that the presence of Clostridiales plays an important anti-inflammatory homeostatic role and decreases incidence of GVHD or alleviate its course.

scholarly journals Bacterial Colonization within the First Six Weeks of Life and Pulmonary Outcome in Preterm Infants <1000 g

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Tina Lauer ◽  
Judith Behnke ◽  
Frank Oehmke ◽  
Johanna Baecker ◽  
Katrin Gentil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Airway Colonization

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease mainly provoked by pre- and postnatal infections, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen toxicity. In severely affected premature infants requiring mechanical ventilation, association of bacterial colonization of the lung and BPD was recently disclosed. To analyze the impact of bacterial colonization of the upper airway and gastrointestinal tract on moderate/severe BPD, we retrospectively analyzed nasopharyngeal and anal swabs taken weekly during the first 6 weeks of life at a single center in n = 102 preterm infants <1000 g. Colonization mostly occurred between weeks 2 and 6 and displayed a high diversity requiring categorization. Analyses of deviance considering all relevant confounders revealed statistical significance solely for upper airway colonization with bacteria with pathogenic potential and moderate/severe BPD (p = 0.0043) while no link could be established to the Gram response or the gastrointestinal tract. Our data highlight that specific colonization of the upper airway poses a risk to the immature lung. These data are not surprising taking into account the tremendous impact of microbial axes on health and disease across ages. We suggest that studies on upper airway colonization using predefined categories represent a feasible approach to investigate the impact on the pulmonary outcome in ventilated and non-ventilated preterm infants.

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