Characterization of a Panel of Cell Lines Derived From Urothelial Neoplasms: Genetic Alterations, Growth In Vivo and the Relationship of Adenoviral Mediated Gene Transfer to Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor Expression

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 1133-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Sabichi ◽  
Afsaneh Keyhani ◽  
Noriyoshi Tanaka ◽  
Jorge Delacerda ◽  
I-ling Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor ◽  
Adenovirus Receptor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Targeting Adenoviral Vectors by Using the Extracellular Domain of the Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor: Improved Potency via Trimerization

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1892-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Kim ◽  
Theodore Smith ◽  
Neeraja Idamakanti ◽  
Kathy Mulgrew ◽  
Michele Kaloss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Extracellular Domain ◽  
Adenoviral Vectors ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor ◽  
Liver Gene ◽  
Peptide Targeting ◽  
Adenovirus Receptor

ABSTRACT Adenovirus binds to mammalian cells via interaction of fiber with the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). Redirecting adenoviral vectors to enter target cells via new receptors has the advantage of increasing the efficiency of gene delivery and reducing nonspecific transduction of untargeted tissues. In an attempt to reach this goal, we have produced bifunctional molecules with soluble CAR (sCAR), which is the extracellular domain of CAR fused to peptide-targeting ligands. Two peptide-targeting ligands have been evaluated: a cyclic RGD peptide (cRGD) and the receptor-binding domain of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) are poorly transduced by adenovirus due to a lack of CAR on the surface. Addition of the sCAR-cRGD or sCAR-ApoE targeting protein to adenovirus redirected binding to the appropriate receptor on HDF. However, a large excess of the monomeric protein was needed for maximal transduction, indicating a suboptimal interaction. To improve interaction of sCAR with the fiber knob, an isoleucine GCN4 trimerization domain was introduced, and trimerization was verified by cross-linking analysis. Trimerized sCAR proteins were significantly better at interacting with fiber and inhibiting binding to HeLa cells. Trimeric sCAR proteins containing cRGD and ApoE were more efficient at transducing HDF in vitro than the monomeric proteins. In addition, the trimerized sCAR protein without targeting ligands efficiently blocked liver gene transfer in normal C57BL/6 mice. However, addition of either ligand failed to retarget the liver in vivo. One explanation may be the large complex size, which serves to decrease the bioavailability of the trimeric sCAR-adenovirus complexes. In summary, we have demonstrated that trimerization of sCAR proteins can significantly improve the potency of this targeting approach in altering vector tropism in vitro and allow the efficient blocking of liver gene transfer in vivo.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of a full length pregnane X receptor, expression in vivo, and identification of PXR alleles, in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2013 ◽  
Vol 142-143 ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso C.D. Bainy ◽  
Akira Kubota ◽  
Jared V. Goldstone ◽  
Roger Lille-Langøy ◽  
Sibel I. Karchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Pregnane X Receptor ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Receptor Expression

scholarly journals Actin and Microtubules Differently Contribute to Vacuolar Targeting Specificity during the Export from the ER

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Monica De Caroli ◽  
Fabrizio Barozzi ◽  
Luciana Renna ◽  
Gabriella Piro ◽  
Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Targeting ◽  
Traffic Regulation ◽  
Emergent Features ◽  
Vacuolar Sorting ◽  
Er Export ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fine Tune

Plants rely on both actin and microtubule cytoskeletons to fine-tune sorting and spatial targeting of membranes during cell growth and stress adaptation. Considerable advances have been made in recent years in the comprehension of the relationship between the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) and cytoskeletons, but studies have mainly focused on the transport to and from the plasma membrane. We address here the relationship of the cytoskeleton with different endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export mechanisms toward vacuoles. These emergent features of the plant endomembrane traffic are explored with an in vivo approach, providing clues on the traffic regulation at different levels beyond known proteins’ functions and interactions. We show how traffic of vacuolar markers, characterized by different vacuolar sorting determinants, diverges at the export from the ER, clearly involving different components of the cytoskeleton.

Characterization of stem cell–like cancer cells in immune-competent mice

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 3906-3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorg A. Kruger ◽  
Charles D. Kaplan ◽  
Yunping Luo ◽  
He Zhou ◽  
Dorothy Markowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Side Population ◽  
Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽  
Tumorigenic Potential ◽  
4T1 Cells

AbstractRecently, the cancer stem cell hypothesis has gained significant recognition as the descriptor of tumorigenesis. Although previous studies relied on transplanting human or rat tumor cells into immunecompromised mice, our study used the Hoechst 33342 dye–based side population (SP) technique to isolate and transplant stem cell–like cancer cells (SCLCCs) from the 4T1 and NXS2 murine carcinoma cell lines into the immune-competent microenvironment of syngeneic mice. 4T1 cells displayed an SP of 2% with a Sca-1highc-Kit–CD45– phenotype, whereas NXS2 cells contained an SP of 0.2% with a Sca-1highCD24highc-Kit–CD45–GD high2 phenotype. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) further revealed up-regulation in SP cells of ABCG2, Sca-1, Wnt-1, and TGF-β2. Additionally, 4T1 and NXS2 SP cells exhibited increased resistance to chemotherapy, and 4T1 SP cells also showed an increased ability to efflux doxorubicin, which correlated with a selective increase in the percentage of SP cells found in the tumors of doxorubicin-treated mice. Most importantly, SP cells showed a markedly higher repopulation and tumorigenic potential in vivo, which correlated with an increased number of cells in the SP compartment of SP-derived tumors. Taken together, these results show that we successfully characterized SCLCCs from 2 murine carcinoma cell lines in the immune-competent microenvironment of syngeneic mice.

Genetic variation and relationship of ultrasonic measures and carcass composition in Suffolk cross lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
V.C. Flamarique ◽  
R.M. Lewis ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Excess fat in lamb is regarded as an important reason for less lamb meat being purchased by consumers. This has encouraged the development and use (particularly in Terminal Sire breeds) of selection indices that can identify animals that will sire leaner progeny. These indices usually include live weight and in vivo predictors of body composition, such as an ultrasonic measurement of muscle and fat depth, as selection criteria (Simm and Dingwall, 1989). But the usefulness of such in vivo measurements as predictors of carcass composition depends on the correlation between, and the variation in, live and carcass measures. The objectives of this study were to determine the strength of the relationship between ultrasound and dissection measures of carcass composition, and the degree of genetic variation in these measures, in crossbred progeny of Suffolk rams.

Experimental study of the inhibition effect of CXCL12/CXCR4 in malignant pleural mesothelioma

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianshuang Li ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Lipeng Xie ◽  
Yi-Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cxcr4 Axis

Previous studies have demonstrated that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is closely related to tumors such as malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This research was conducted in order to detect whether CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors could restrain MPM and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy, also to investigate the relationship of CXCL12/CXCR4 with other gene expressions in MPM. Forty mice were injected MPM cells and randomly divided into four groups: the PBS (control group), AMD3100 (CXCR4-CXCL12 antagonist), pemetrexed and AMD3100 plus pemetrexed. The mice were treated respectively for duration of 3 weeks. The size, bioluminescence and weight of tumors were measured. The differences between gene expressions in each group were analyzed. The tumor weights of each treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). The bioluminescence of the tumor of the AMD3100 treatment group and the AMD3100 plus pemetrexed treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05), and AMD3100 was shown to have synergistic effects with pemetrexed (p<0.05). Among the 2.5 billion genes, several hundreds of genes expressed differently between groups. Results show that AMD3100 and pemetrexed can inhibit the growth of MPM in vivo, also that there is a better result if both are used together. Our findings suggest that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis affects a certain amount of gene expression in MPM.

Adrenocortical function in aging exercise-trained rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Severson ◽  
R. D. Fell ◽  
J. G. Tuig ◽  
D. R. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Plasma corticosterone concentrations and in vitro adrenal secretion of corticosterone were determined in exercise-trained rats. Rats, 100, 200, and 300 days of age, were trained for a 10-wk period by treadmill running. Following the training program, rats were subjected to an acute bout of swimming. Acute swimming elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in all age groups. At 170 days of age, the plasma corticosterone concentration following swimming was higher in exercise-trained rats than in controls. The opposite was true of acutely swum rats at 270 and 370 days of age. Acute swimming elevated the in vitro adrenal gland response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in control rats at all ages and in trained rats at 170 days of age. The in vivo relationship of epinephrine and the pituitary adrenal system is suggested as a mechanism which could have caused this response. The relationship of secretion rates to plasma corticosterone concentrations indicated that extra-adrenal mechanisms, such as decreased turnover, were also responsible for the elevated plasma corticosterone levels observed in response to acute swimming.

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