Effectiveness of rhizobia from wild species of Arachis on the cultivated species, A. hypogaea and their physiological characteristics

1976 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
C.S. Singh ◽  
K.R. Dadarwal ◽  
N.S. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Cultivated Species

A search for diagnostic AFLP markers in Cichorium species with emphasis on endive and chicory cultivar groups

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Kiers ◽  
T HM Mes ◽  
R van der Meijden ◽  
K Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Cultivar Groups ◽  
Average Analysis ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Unique Markers

The genus Cichorium consists of two widely cultivated species C. intybus (chicory) and C. endivia (endive) and four wild species, C. bottae, C. spinosum, C. calvum, and C. pumilum. A multivariate and an UPGMA (unweighted pair group method average) analysis based on AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers were used to establish the genetic relationships among the species and cultivar groups of C. intybus and C. endivia. At the species level, the results correspond with previously obtained phylogenetic relationships in that C. bottae is the most divergent species, and C. intybus and C. spinosum, as well as C. endivia, C. pumilum, and C. calvum formed clusters. Based on the congruence between phylogenetic and genetic analyses, unique markers were expected for all species, however, hardly any specific marker was found except for C. bottae. The analysis of cultivar groups of C. intybus resembled the species analysis in two respects: (i) grouping of cultivars according to cultivar groups, and (ii) lack of markers unique to cultivar groups. In contrast to C. intybus, the cultivar series of C. endivia do not form distinct groups, which would reflect that crosses have been made among the various cultivar groups. The relationships among Cichorium species and cultivars will be useful for setting up a core collection of Cichorium, and stress the importance of inclusion of the wild species in the collection.Key words: Cichorium, AFLP, diagnostic markers, cultivar relationships, genetic resources.

scholarly journals The Important Role of Germplasm in Improving Carrot, Onion, and Garlic

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 905E-905
Author(s):  
Philipp W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Hybrid Production ◽  
Wild Carrot ◽  
Carrot Fly ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm

Genetic improvement of carrot, onion, and garlic has depended upon introgression of alleles from foreign cultivars, from wild forms of cultivated species, and from wild species. Introgression of Asian germplasm in European carrots has resulted in more than a doubling of carotene content; wild carrot has provided two of the most widely used male-sterile cytoplasms for production of hybrids; and Daucus capillifolius has been used as a source of resistance to carrot fly. Onion male-sterile cytoplasm used for hybrid production has its origins in a species related to onion, while resistance to several diseases originated in foreign cultivars. Production of true garlic seed has depended on a broad germplasm base for its success. More examples and germplasm utilization strategies will be discussed.

Étude des index d'ADN de huit espèces d'ignames (Dioscorea sp.) par cytométrie en flux

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perla Hamon ◽  
Jean-Paul Brizard ◽  
Jeanne Zoundjihékpon ◽  
Christophe Duperray ◽  
Alain Borgel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
Cytométrie En Flux ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Dioscorea Cayenensis ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera

Nine species (wild and cultivated) and some interspecific (wild × cultivated) hybrids were analysed by flow cytometry. This study confirms various polyploidy levels within cultivated species. DNA index varied by a factor of 1 to 3 for Dioscorea alata, 1 to 2.25 for Dioscorea bulbifera, and 1 to 2 for Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata, depending on the clone or cultivar considered. In wild species, only one DNA index per species was obtained. Whenever a relationship between DNA index and chromosome number could be established, the size of genome 1C was evaluated in picograms and base pairs. Two genome sizes were observed: genome A in D. cayenensis-rotundata, Dioscorea abyssinica, Dioscorea mangenotiana, and Dioscorea praehensilis and genome B in Dioscorea togoensis. These genomes were small sizes, only 1.5 to 2.1 times larger than that of Arabidopsis. Key words: yams, Dioscorea, flow cytometry, DNA index, genome size.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing of Diverse Peanut (Arachis) Wild Species and the Cultivated Species Reveals a Wealth of Untapped Genetic Variability

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3825-3836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratan Chopra ◽  
Gloria Burow ◽  
Charles E Simpson ◽  
Jennifer Chagoya ◽  
Joann Mudge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract To test the hypothesis that the cultivated peanut species possesses almost no molecular variability, we sequenced a diverse panel of 22 Arachis accessions representing Arachis hypogaea botanical classes, A-, B-, and K- genome diploids, a synthetic amphidiploid, and a tetraploid wild species. RNASeq was performed on pools of three tissues, and de novo assembly was performed. Realignment of individual accession reads to transcripts of the cultivar OLin identified 306,820 biallelic SNPs. Among 10 naturally occurring tetraploid accessions, 40,382 unique homozygous SNPs were identified in 14,719 contigs. In eight diploid accessions, 291,115 unique SNPs were identified in 26,320 contigs. The average SNP rate among the 10 cultivated tetraploids was 0.5, and among eight diploids was 9.2 per 1000 bp. Diversity analysis indicated grouping of diploids according to genome classification, and cultivated tetraploids by subspecies. Cluster analysis of variants indicated that sequences of B genome species were the most similar to the tetraploids, and the next closest diploid accession belonged to the A genome species. A subset of 66 SNPs selected from the dataset was validated; of 782 SNP calls, 636 (81.32%) were confirmed using an allele-specific discrimination assay. We conclude that substantial genetic variability exists among wild species. Additionally, significant but lesser variability at the molecular level occurs among accessions of the cultivated species. This survey is the first to report significant SNP level diversity among transcripts, and may explain some of the phenotypic differences observed in germplasm surveys. Understanding SNP variants in the Arachis accessions will benefit in developing markers for selection.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of Chaetocnema tibialis Illiger and Phyllotreta vittula (Redtenbacher) on the weed Amaranthus retroflexus L. and cultivated Amaranthus caudatus L.

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ľ. Cagáň ◽  
P. Tóth ◽  
M. Tóthová
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Amaranth Species ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cultivated Species

In 1995–1997, the population dynamics of the flea beetles <i>Chaetocnema tibialis and <i>Phyllotreta vittula</i>, associated with <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> (wild species) and <i>Amaranthus caudatus</i> (cultivated species), were studied at the locality Nitra-Malanta (48°19'N, 18°09'E) in south-western Slovakia. On both plant species, the number of <i>C. tibialis</i> adults was usually very low until the beginning of July. During July the number of <i>C. tibialis</i> increased, but sooner on cultivated amaranth. An increased number of <i>C. tibialis</i> adults was observed on both amaranth species until the middle of September. The results showed that amaranth plants are a very important reservoir of <i>C. tibialis</i> during summer. <i>P. vittula</i> was a common flea beetle on amaranth during the whole summer, but its numbers never exceeded more than 10 adults per 25 plants. Low temperatures in winter had a negative effect on populations of <i>C. tibialis</i> on both amaranth species and also on populations of <i>P. vittula</i> on <i>A. retroflexus</i>. The lower the precipitation was in July, the higher were the populations of <i>C. tibialis</i> on both amaranth species and the populations of <i>P. vittula</i> on <i>A. retroflexus</i>.

A preliminary investigation of cultivated and wild species of Luffa for oil and protein contents

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prakash ◽  
Jalli Radhamani ◽  
Anjula Pandey ◽  
Sangita Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Edible Seed ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Seeds of wild and cultivated species of Luffa were studied to determine the variability in morphological (seed size, colour, seed-coat surface and 100-seed weight) and biochemical (oil and protein) characteristics. A total of 80 accessions of three cultivated species (71 accessions) and three wild species (9 accessions) of Luffa under the present investigation from diverse regions (12 states of five regions) of India showed variations in seed size, colour, seed-coat surface, 100-seed weight, and seed protein and oil contents both within the accessions of the same species and between different species. Significant variability in seed morphological traits was observed. Both seed oil and soluble seed protein contents were highest in some accessions of the cultivated species (25–27% oil and 8–10% protein, respectively, on a fresh seed weight basis). Using the 2D scatter plot diagram derived from the principal components analysis, the morphological and biochemical traits of the 80 Luffa accessions classified the wild species into one cluster (cluster I) and the cultivated species into a second major cluster (cluster II). The present investigation on the correlation between seed morphology and biochemical traits in the cultivated and wild species of Luffa can help in identifying the genotypes of Luffa species with valuable traits for further exploring the potential of this valuable crop as a source of edible oil, food and fodder in edible seed types or as a source of industrial oil/biodiesel in non-edible seed types. The protein-rich seed could be further explored to be utilized in the fortification of food products for value addition.

scholarly journals Exploring evolution characteristic between cultivated tea and its wild relatives using complete chloroplast genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Peng ◽  
Yunlin Zhao ◽  
Meng Dong ◽  
Shiquan Liu ◽  
Zhiyuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Linear Sequence ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract Background: The cultivated tea is one of the most important economic and ecological trees distributing worldwide. The cultivated tea suffered from long-term targeted selection of traits and overexploitation of habitats by human beings, which may change the genetic structure. Chloroplast is an organelle with a conserved cyclic structure, and can help us better understand the evolutionary relationship of Camellia plants.Results: The study conducted comparative analysis and evolution analysis between cultivated tea and wild tea, and detected the evolution characteristic in cultivated tea. Chloroplast genome sizes of cultivated tea were slightly different, ranged from 157,025 bp to 157,085 bp. These cultivated species were more conservative than wild species, in terms of the genome length, genes number, genes arrangement and GC contents. However, the IRs length of cultivated species was about 20 bp shorter than that of C. sinensis var. sisnensis. We also found that the nucleotide diversity of 14 sequences in cultivated tea was higher than that of wild tea. These results provided the evidence on the variation of chloroplast genomes of cultivated tea. Detail analysis on the chloroplast genome variation and evolution of cultivated tea showed that 67 SNPs and 46 indels and 16 protein coding genes had nucleotide substitutions. The most comment variation gene was ycf1. It has the largest number of nucleotide substitutions. At the same time, in ycf1, five amino acid sites were exhibiting site-specific selection, and a 9 bp sequence insertion was found in the C. sinensis cultivar. Anhua. The phylogenetic tree constructed by ycf1 sequence shows that two cultivated tea were not completely clustered, and the evolutionary relationship between C. sinensis var. sisnensis and C. sinensis cultivar. Longjing is closer than that of C. sinensis cultivar. Anhua.Conclusions: The cultivated species were more conservative than wild species in terms of architecture and linear sequence order. The variation of chloroplast genome of cultivated tea was mainly manifested in the nucleotide polymorphism of some sequences. The ycf1 gene played an important role in the adaptive evolution of cultivated tea. These results provided evidence regarding the influence of human activities on tea.

scholarly journals Seasonal bud development in Maakа cherry

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00074
Author(s):  
Anna Lokteva ◽  
Vladimir Simagin ◽  
Lyudmila Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Important Reserve ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Fruit Plants

Wild relatives of fruit plants are an important reserve for introducing certain properties and traits into cultivated plants that significantly expand the range and facilitate the possibility of their use, since many wild species are sources of useful properties and traits that are poorly expressed or absent in cultivated species and varieties. One of these types is undoubtedly the Maaka.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity in Lactucaspeciesusing Isozymes and RAPD Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda H. Helmy Sammour ◽  
A-Z. A. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract Understanding of the molecular basis of genetic diversity in Lactucaaccessions is substantial for the management, improvementand efficient uses of Lactuca accessions. Therefore, this workaimed to evaluate molecular diversity among twenty-six accessions of Lactuca species usingisozymes and RAPD analyses. The polymorphic percentages were 87.09%and 100% in isozymes and RAPD analyses respectively, indicating a high genetic variation within and among Lactuca species. The number of alleles were higher in the wild species compared to the cultivated species, reflecting a reduction in the richness of alleles in the cultivated species due to domestication that caused a reduction in genetic diversity to meet the demand for high crop productivity.Isozymes and RAPD clustering dendrogrames: (1) separated,L. sativa accessions in more than one cluster confirming their polyphyletic origin; (2)collected the accessions of L. vimineain one cluster revealed its homogeneity; and (3) divided the accessions of L.saligna in two clusters varied in the number of alleles, particularly “A” form. The corresponding analysis associated the accessions of the wild species based on the alleles “B”of the tested isozymes and the cultivated species on alleles “A” and “C”, suggesting that: (1) allele “B” might be the primitive form of these loci that can tolerate the environmental stresses which prevails in the habitats of the wild species, and (2) “A” and “C” could be the derived forms. These results are of great interest for the management of Lactuca germplasm and for future breeding programs of lettuce.

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