Models of activity-dependent neural development

1994 ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Activity Dependent

scholarly journals Epigenome Interactions with Patterned Neuronal Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Belgrad ◽  
R. Douglas Fields
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Action Potential Firing ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Activity Dependent

The temporal coding of action potential activity is fundamental to nervous system function. Here we consider how gene expression in neurons is regulated by specific patterns of action potential firing, with an emphasis on new information on epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Patterned action potential activity activates intracellular signaling networks selectively in accordance with the kinetics of activation and inactivation of second messengers, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of protein kinases, and cytoplasmic and nuclear calcium dynamics, which differentially activate specific transcription factors. Increasing evidence also implicates activity-dependent regulation of epigenetic mechanisms to alter chromatin architecture. Changes in three-dimensional chromatin structure, including chromatin compaction, looping, double-stranded DNA breaks, histone and DNA modification, are altered by action potential activity to selectively inhibit or promote transcription of specific genes. These mechanisms of activity-dependent regulation of gene expression are important in neural development, plasticity, and in neurological and psychological disorders.

Neuroplasticity and Psychiatry

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Gynther ◽  
Mike B. Calford ◽  
Pankaj Sah
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
The Brain

Objective: There is increasing concern that the course of psychiatric disorders may be affected by parameters such as the duration and intensity of symptoms of initial episodes of illness. As this indicates that abnormal function produces long-term changes within the brain, a review of the neuroscience literature regarding neuroplasticity is warranted. Method: This article is a selective review, focusing in particular on results obtained from physiological experiments assessing plasticity within the mammalian neocortex. The possible relevance of results to psychiatry is discussed. Results: While the most dramatic examples of neuroplasticity occur during a critical period of neural development, neuroplasticity can also occur in adult neocortex. Neuroplasticity appears to be activity-dependent: synaptic pathways that are intensively used may become strengthened, and conversely, there may be depression of transmission in infrequently used pathways. Conclusions: Results from neurophysiological experiments lend support to the clinical observation that the intensity and duration of a psychiatric disorder may adversely alter its long-term course. Rapid aggressive treatment may prevent this from occurring. While pharmacotherapy may reduce the duration and severity of symptoms, it may also have an independent, as yet unknown, effect on neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals Making sense of neural development by comparing wiring strategies for seeing and hearing

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6525) ◽  
pp. eaaz6317
Author(s):  
A. A. Sitko ◽  
L. V. Goodrich
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Cell Fate Specification ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
Activity Dependent

The ability to perceive and interact with the world depends on a diverse array of neural circuits specialized for carrying out specific computations. Each circuit is assembled using a relatively limited number of molecules and common developmental steps, from cell fate specification to activity-dependent synaptic refinement. Given this shared toolkit, how do individual circuits acquire their characteristic properties? We explore this question by comparing development of the circuitry for seeing and hearing, highlighting a few examples where differences in each system’s sensory demands necessitate different developmental strategies.

Derivation of Linear Hebbian Equations from a Nonlinear Hebbian Model of Synaptic Plasticity

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Simple Equation ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Activity Dependent

A linear Hebbian equation for synaptic plasticity is derived from a more complex, nonlinear model by considering the initial development of the difference between two equivalent excitatory projections. This provides a justification for the use of such a simple equation to model activity-dependent neural development and plasticity, and allows analysis of the biological origins of the terms in the equation. Connections to previously published models are discussed.

scholarly journals ATRX tolerates activity-dependent histone H3 methyl/phos switching to maintain repetitive element silencing in neurons

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (22) ◽  
pp. 6820-6827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Min Noh ◽  
Ian Maze ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Bin Xiang ◽  
Wendy Wenderski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Satellite Sequences ◽  
Minor Satellite ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Activity Dependent

ATRX (the alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked protein) is a member of the switch2/sucrose nonfermentable2 (SWI2/SNF2) family of chromatin-remodeling proteins and primarily functions at heterochromatic loci via its recognition of “repressive” histone modifications [e.g., histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3)]. Despite significant roles for ATRX during normal neural development, as well as its relationship to human disease, ATRX function in the central nervous system is not well understood. Here, we describe ATRX’s ability to recognize an activity-dependent combinatorial histone modification, histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation/serine 10 phosphorylation (H3K9me3S10ph), in postmitotic neurons. In neurons, this “methyl/phos” switch occurs exclusively after periods of stimulation and is highly enriched at heterochromatic repeats associated with centromeres. Using a multifaceted approach, we reveal that H3K9me3S10ph-bound Atrx represses noncoding transcription of centromeric minor satellite sequences during instances of heightened activity. Our results indicate an essential interaction between ATRX and a previously uncharacterized histone modification in the central nervous system and suggest a potential role for abnormal repetitive element transcription in pathological states manifested by ATRX dysfunction.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

Visual Neural Development and Plasticity

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Donald E. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development
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