Defense Mechanisms, Life Style, and Hypertension

2004 ◽  
pp. 537-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Hentschel ◽  
Frits J. Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Defense Mechanisms

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF AGGRESSIVENESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Melenchuk N.I. ◽  
Prokopenko K.O.
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Integral Forms ◽  
Value Consciousness ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to present the results of theoretical and empirical research aimed at studying the features of psychological protection in people with different levels of aggression.Methods. The method “Life Style Index” by R. Plutchyk, G. Kellermann, H. Comte, adapted by L. Wasserman was used to diagnose the mechanisms of psychological protection. The method “Determination of integral forms of communicative aggression” by V. Boyko was used to study of communicative aggression.Results. The results of the correlation analysis between the indicators of the mechanisms of psychological protection and communicative aggression are presented. It was identified the positive and negative significant correlations between most indicators of psychological protection and communicative aggression. The profiles of features of psychological protection of “aggressive” and “non-aggressive” persons are considered. It is established that there are some differences in the manifestations of mechanisms of psychological protection in members of a group of people with different levels of aggression.Conclusions. Psychological protection is seen as a system of regulatory mechanisms of the psyche, which are aimed at eliminating or minimizing negative, traumatic personal experiences associated with internal or external conflicts, states of anxiety and discomfort. The function of psychological protection is to overcome feelings of insecurity, inferiority, protection of value consciousness and maintaining a stable self-esteem. Aggression is understood as a person’s behavior towards other people, which is characterized by a desire to cause them trouble, harm. Correlation analysis has shown that communicative aggression is most associated with psychological defense mechanisms such as displacement, regression, compensation, and substitution. The qualitative analysis was established that persons with a high level of communicative aggression are characterized by such mechanisms of psychological protection as regression, compensation and substitution. In the group of people with a low level of aggression is dominated such mechanisms of psychological protection as denial, compensation and reactive education.Key words: mechanisms of psychological protection, aggression, communicative aggression, personality trait, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis. Метою статті є виклад результатів теоретико-емпіричного дослідження, спрямованого на вивчення особливостей психологічного захисту осіб з різним рівнем агресивності.Методи. Для діагностики механізмів психологічного захисту використовувалась методика «Індекс життєвого стилю» (Life Style Index) Р. Плутчика, Г. Келлерманна, Х. Конта, в адаптації Л.І. Васермана. Вивчення комунікативної агресивності здійснено за допомогою методики «Визначення інтегральних форм комунікативної агресивності» В.В. Бойко.Результати. Наведено результати кореляційного аналізу між показниками механізмів психологічного захисту і комунікативної агресивності. Виявлено наявність додатних і від’ємних значимих кореляційних зв’язків між більшістю показників психологічного захисту і комунікативної агресивності. Розглянуто профілі особливостей психологічного захисту «агресивних» і «неагресивних» осіб. Встановлено, що існують певні розбіжності у проявах механізмів психологічного захисту у представників групи осіб з різним рівнем агресивності.Висновки. Психологічний захист розглядається як система регуляторних механізмів психіки, які спрямовані на усунення або зведення до мінімуму негативних переживань, що травмують особистість, пов’язаних із внутрішніми або зовнішніми конфліктами, станами тривоги та дискомфорту. Функцією психологічному захисту є подолання відчуття невпевненості в собі, власної неповноцін-ності, захисту ціннісної свідомості та підтримки стабільної самооцінки. Агресивність розуміється як поведінка людини щодо інших людей, яка відрізняється прагненням заподіяти їм неприємності, завдати шкоди. За результатами кореляційного аналізу встановлено, що комунікативна агресивність найбільш пов’язана з такими механізмами психологічного захисту, як витіснення, регресія, компенсація і заміщення. За допомогою якісного аналізу встановлено, що особам із високим рівнем комунікативної агресивності притаманні такі механізми психологічного захисту, як регресія, компенсація і заміщення. В групі осіб із низьким рівнем агресивності переважають такі механізми психологічного захисту, як заперечення, компенсація і реактивне утворення.Ключові слова: механізми психологічного захисту, агресивність, комунікативна агресивність, властивість особистості, кількісний аналіз, якісний аналіз

Assessing Ego Defense Mechanisms by Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Psychopathological Correlates of the Greek Version of the Plutchik's Life Style Index

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hyphantis ◽  
Panagiota Goulia ◽  
George D. Floros ◽  
Gregoris Iconomou ◽  
Argiro-Irene Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Greek Version ◽  
Ego Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ego Defense

Psychological Defenses in Patients with Comorbid Panic Disorder and Alcoholism

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D. Tsygankov ◽  
E. Agasaryan ◽  
D. Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Psychological Differences ◽  
Panic Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Defenses

The aim of this study was to examine psychological differences between various groups of patients with comorbid panic disorder and alcoholism (n = 214). We investigated the use of defense mechanisms by life style index of R. Plutchik. Patients of first group (who experienced there first panic attack during withdrawal of alcohol and then has stopped use of alcohol) significantly higher used projection, displacement and repression. Patients, who have originally suffered from panic attacks which they tried to release with the alcohol (second group), significantly higher used projection. Patients who experienced panic attacks only during ingestion of alcohol (third group), significantly higher used denial and repression. Patients with panic attacks during clinical remission of alcohol addiction, who used alcohol to weaken the panic symptoms, which resulted in the heavy alcoholism recurrence (fourth group), significantly higher used repression, projection and denial. So, there were differences between groups on preferred defense mechanisms. the results of the study can help in understanding the pathogenesis of comorbid panic disorder and alcoholism.The study is supported by the President's grant ÌÊ-2670.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Psychological Defense and Dominant Defense Behavior of Convicts for Terrorist and Extremist Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
B. G. Bovin ◽  
P.N.. Kazberov ◽  
I.B. Bovina
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Defense Behavior ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Real ◽  
Reaction Formation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Real Action

The aim of the study was to identify the particularities of the defense behavior mechanisms among convicted for terrorist and extremist activities. A total of 469 convicts (351-for terrorist activities, 118 - for extremist activities) participated in the study. Life Style Index was used in order to reveal the defense mechanisms. The results allow us to talk about five types of defense: 1) dominance of projection and compensation defense mechanisms as means against the awareness of the negative and unacceptable personality qualities; 2) dominance of compensation in the profile indicates the desire to overcome a strong sense of inferiority; 3) dominance of reaction formation where unacceptable unconscious content is overcome by strengthening and development of exaggerated opposite trends; 4) dominance of intellectualization, where is the real action to remedy the anxiety and fears, the individual formulates an abstract of judgment, trying to get rid of one’s frustration; 5) dominance of denial, it refers to non-recognition, rejection of reality, displacement of thoughts, feelings, emotions from consciousness. In conclusion the potential of psychotherapeutic work is discussed.

New Ultrastructural Observations on Injury and Regeneration of Cilia in Mammalian Conducting Airway Epithelium

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
J.L. Carson ◽  
A.M. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Conducting Airway ◽  
Conducting Airways

The ciliated cells lining the conducting airways of mammals are integral to the defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract, functioning in coordination with secretory cells in the removal of inhaled and cellular debris. The effects of various infectious and toxic agents on the structure and function of airway epithelial cell cilia have been studied in our laboratory, both of which have been shown to affect ciliary ultrastructure.These observations have led to questions about ciliary regeneration as well as the possible induction of ciliogenesis in response to cellular injury. Classical models of ciliogenesis in the conducting airway epithelium of the mammalian respiratory tract have been based primarily on observations of the developing fetal lung. These observations provide a plausible explanation for the embryological generation of ciliary beds lining the conducting airways but do little to account for subsequent differentiation of ciliated cells and ciliogenesis during normal growth and development.

Parasite defense mechanisms in bees: behavior, immunity, antimicrobials, and symbionts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Fowler ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
Lynn S. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
And Function ◽  
Solitary Species

Parasites are linked to the decline of some bee populations; thus, understanding defense mechanisms has important implications for bee health. Recent advances have improved our understanding of factors mediating bee health ranging from molecular to landscape scales, but often as disparate literatures. Here, we bring together these fields and summarize our current understanding of bee defense mechanisms including immunity, immunization, and transgenerational immune priming in social and solitary species. Additionally, the characterization of microbial diversity and function in some bee taxa has shed light on the importance of microbes for bee health, but we lack information that links microbial communities to parasite infection in most bee species. Studies are beginning to identify how bee defense mechanisms are affected by stressors such as poor-quality diets and pesticides, but further research on this topic is needed. We discuss how integrating research on host traits, microbial partners, and nutrition, as well as improving our knowledge base on wild and semi-social bees, will help inform future research, conservation efforts, and management.

The Dynamics of TAT Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Verdon ◽  
Catherine Chabert ◽  
Catherine Azoulay ◽  
Michèle Emmanuelli ◽  
Françoise Neau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Projective Tests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Latent Content ◽  
Rigorous Method

After many years of clinical practice, research and the teaching of projective tests, Shentoub and her colleagues (Debray, Brelet, Chabert & al.) put forward an original and rigorous method of analysis and interpretation of the TAT protocols in terms of psychoanalysis and clinical psychopathology. They developed the TAT process theory in order to understand how the subject builds a narrative. Our article will emphasize the source of the analytical approach developed by V. Shentoub in the 1950s to current research; the necessity of marking the boundary between the manifest and latent content in the cards; the procedure for analyzing the narrative, supported by an analysis sheet for understanding the stories' structure and identifying the defense mechanisms; and how developing hypotheses about how the mental functions are organized, as well as their potential psychopathological characteristics; and the formulation of a diagnosis in psychodynamic terms. In conjunction with the analysis and interpretation of the Rorschach test, this approach allows us to develop an overview of the subject's mental functioning, taking into account both the psychopathological elements that may threaten the subject and the potential for a therapeutic process. We will illustrate this by comparing neurotic, borderline, and psychotic personalities.

The Use of the Defense Mechanism Test to Aid in Understanding the Personality of Senior Executives and the Implications for Their Careers

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Khaleelee
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Test Profiles ◽  
Real Test

This paper describes the use of the Defense Mechanism Test as an aid in helping to assess senior executives in four areas: for selection, development, career strategy, and crisis intervention. The origins of this test, developed to measure the defense mechanisms used to protect the individual from stress, are described. The paper shows how it was used to predict the capacity of trainee fighter pilots to withstand stress and its later application to other stressful occupations. Finally, some ideal types of the test are shown followed by four real test profiles, two of them with their associated histories.

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