Total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) in polluted and translocated mussels: a predictive biomarker of oxidative stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Regoli
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity

Total oxyradical scavenging capacity in mussel Mytilus sp. as a new index of biological resistance to oxidative stress

Chemosphere ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (14-15) ◽  
pp. 2773-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Regoli ◽  
G.W. Winston ◽  
V. Mastrangelo ◽  
G. Principato ◽  
S. Bompadre
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity

scholarly journals Root System Architecture Plasticity of Bread Wheat in Response to Oxidative Burst under Extended Osmotic Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Omar Azab ◽  
Abdullah Al-Doss ◽  
Thobayet Alshahrani ◽  
Salah El-Hendawy ◽  
Adel M. Zakri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root System ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Scavenging Capacity

There is a demand for an increase in crop production because of the growing population, but water shortage hinders the expansion of wheat cultivation, one of the most important crops worldwide. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to mimic drought stress due to its high osmotic potentials generated in plants subjected to it. This study aimed to determine the root system architecture (RSA) plasticity of eight bread wheat genotypes under osmotic stress in relation to the oxidative status and mitochondrial membrane potential of their root tips. Osmotic stress application resulted in differences in the RSA between the eight genotypes, where genotypes were divided into adapted genotypes that have non-significant decreased values in lateral roots number (LRN) and total root length (TRL), while non-adapted genotypes have a significant decrease in LRN, TRL, root volume (RV), and root surface area (SA). Accumulation of intracellular ROS formation in root tips and elongation zone was observed in the non-adapted genotypes due to PEG-induced oxidative stress. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was measured for both stress and non-stress treatments in the eight genotypes as a biomarker for programmed cell death as a result of induced osmotic stress, in correlation with RSA traits. PEG treatment increased scavenging capacity of the genotypes from 1.4-fold in the sensitive genotype Gemmiza 7 to 14.3-fold in the adapted genotype Sakha 94. The adapted genotypes showed greater root trait values, ∆Ψm plasticity correlated with high scavenging capacity, and less ROS accumulation in the root tissue, while the non-adapted genotypes showed little scavenging capacity in both treatments, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane permeability, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Bisphenol A on Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kobayashi ◽  
Yanchen Liu ◽  
Hiroshi Ichikawa ◽  
Shigekazu Takemura ◽  
Yukiko Minamiyama
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Phosphatase 2A ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
The Brain

We investigated the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) on oxidative stress and tau-related proteins in adult rat brains. BPA (10 mg/L) was administered to rats for eight weeks through their drinking water. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity for hydroxyl radicals in the plasma was reduced after two weeks. In the hippocampus, four and eight weeks of BPA increased the ratio of oxidized DJ-1/DJ-1 (PARK7). The ratio of phosphorylated-GSK3β/GSK3β and phosphorylated-AKT/AKT increased after one week of BPA treatment. The ratio of phosphorylated JNK/JNK and phosphorylated-ERK/ERK increased after eight weeks of BPA; the elevation could be related to tau phosphorylation. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the hippocampus decreased after eight weeks of BPA treatment. At that time, SOD1 was significantly induced, but no changes in SOD2 expression were apparent in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the ratio of phosphorylated-tau (PHF-1, Ser396/ Ser404) to total tau level did not change. However, PHF-1 or other sites of tau could be phosphorylated after eight weeks in the hippocampi of rats. BPA induced systemic oxidative stress and could change ROS-induced signaling pathways in the brain. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction possibly is not responsible for oxidative stress and neurodegeneration due to low doses of BPA.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FORCED EXERCISE (TAP STRESS) ON DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AND EFFICACY OF ABHRAK BHASMA AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENT.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rambhadur P Subedi ◽  
Rekha R Vartak ◽  
Purushottam G Kale
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Radical Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Natural Tendency

 Objective: Generation of reactive oxygen species and other oxidants as an outcome of aerobic respiration has been well documented. During boosted muscular activities/exercise, there is an increase in the rate of respiration and subsequent generation of oxidants; for which, organisms possess various defense systems. There is, however, paucity of reports on the effect of forced exercise in Drosophila melanogaster.Methods: The present investigation reports a method for inducing forced exercise, the “tap stress,” in D. melanogaster. This method takes advantage of the natural tendency of Drosophila flies to climb/fly upward in a cylindrical tube. Simplicity of assembly, ease of experimentation and cost effectiveness are some of the key advantages of this method. Tap stress has been assumed to manifest through the generation of oxidative stress, thus, parameters indicative of oxidative stress have been evaluated.Results: The results indicate that tap stress induces oxidative stress mainly by influencing the non-catalytic components; total reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH: oxidized glutathione ratio, and free radical scavenging capacity. The catalytic components (superoxide dismutase, and catalase), on the contrary, remain largely unaffected. Abhrak bhasma (AB) influences total GSH content with an increase by about 38±21%, while flies on control diet register a decrease in total GSH content by 34±7% during tap stress. Feeding flies on AB, specifically, show a prominent increase in the transcription levels of cap “n” collar C, heat shock protein 70 and catalase genes (>1.5 fold).Conclusion: Overall, dietary supplement of AB and ascorbic acid benefits Drosophila flies in the management of oxidative stress induced through tap stress. 

scholarly journals Interactive Immunomodulation in the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Under Thermal Stress and Cadmium Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nardi ◽  
Maura Benedetti ◽  
Stefania Gorbi ◽  
Francesco Regoli
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane Stability ◽  
Mediterranean Mussel ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity

Marine bivalves are frequently exposed to multiple co-occurring challenges such as temperature extremes and anthropogenic pollution. These stressors can elicit negative effects on several biological pathways, including antioxidant and neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) systems, leading to immune disorders and altered immunocytes functionality. Since interactive mechanisms of action and resulting outcomes are still scarcely explored, we examined the single and combined effects of increased temperature (+5°C) and cadmium (20 μg/L) in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Analyzed parameters included cholinergic system in gills and hemolymph (acetylcholinesterase activity, AChE), total oxyradical scavenging capacity in gills and key functional processes in hemocytes, including lysosomal membrane stability, hemocytes subpopulations ratio, phagocytosis capacity, and onset of genotoxic damage. Results highlighted interactive inhibition of AChE activity along to a concomitant increased total oxyradical scavenging capacity, confirming neuroendocrine-immune system (NEI) disturbance and oxidative pressure. In hemocytes, lysosomal membrane stability and granulocytes:hyalinocytes ratio revealed additive effects of stressors, while a consistent reduction of phagocytosis was caused by temperature stress, with a slightly antagonistic effect of cadmium. Pearson’s correlation statistics provided either positive or negative relationships between investigated parameters and stressors, allowing to hypothesize putative mechanism of immune system functional alterations. The overall results suggest that the occurrence of short-term events of increased temperature and concomitant metal exposure could elicit interactive and negative effects on immune system efficiency of marine organisms.

scholarly journals Constituents of French Marigold (Tagetes patulaL.) Flowers Protect Jurkat T-Cells against Oxidative Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irakli Chkhikvishvili ◽  
Tamar Sanikidze ◽  
Nunu Gogia ◽  
Maia Enukidze ◽  
Marine Machavariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Jurkat Cells ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Jurkat T Cells ◽  
Radical Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The flowers of French marigold (Tagetes patulaL.) are widely used in folk medicine, in particular for treating inflammation-related disorders. However, cellular mechanisms of this activity demand further investigation. In the present work, we studied the potential ofT. patulacompounds to alleviate the oxidative stress in hydrogen peroxide-challenged human lymphoblastoid Jurkat T-cells. Crude extracts of marigold flowers and purified fractions containing flavonoids patuletin, quercetagetin, and quercetin and their derivatives, as well as the carotenoid lutein, were brought in contact with Jurkat cells challenged with 25 or 50 μM H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide caused oxidative stress in the cells, manifested as generation of superoxide and peroxyl radicals, reduced viability, arrested cell cycle, and enhanced apoptosis. The stress was alleviated by marigold ingredients that demonstrated high radical-scavenging capacity and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes involved in neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Flavonoid fraction rich in quercetin and quercetagetin showed the highest cytoprotective activity, while patuletin in high dose exerted a cytotoxic effect associated with its anticancer potential.T. patulacompounds enhanced the production of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant interleukin-10 (IL-10) in Jurkat cells. Both direct radical-scavenging capacity and stimulation of protective cellular mechanisms can underlay the anti-inflammatory properties of marigold flowers.

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