The intellectual content of taxonomy: a comment on DNA taxonomy

Presbyterian preaching grew from roots in the Reformation, particularly the Calvinist wing. The fullest early expression of the character of Presbyterian preaching is in the Westminster Standards, documents produced in England by an assembly of Calvinist clergy and laymen in the mid-seventeenth century. These documents described the key qualities of Reformed, and thus Presbyterian, preaching: sermons grounded in the Bible, containing significant doctrinal content, and aimed at teaching and edifying congregants.The authors of the Westminster Standards prescribed preaching that was substantive and lively, filled with biblical and doctrinal content, and touched the hearts of hearers. Throughout the history of Presbyterian preaching, however, these twin goals were often difficult to attain. This tension between intellectual, content-centered preaching and more emotional, experience-centered preaching among Presbyterian is evident in such events as the Old Side–New Side controversy in the mid-1700s and the Old School–New School conflict from 1837 to 1869 (both in America), in Scottish Presbyterian preaching in the early nineteenth century, and in Korean Presbyterian preaching during the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twentieth century.Today as many Presbyterian preachers use digital media and conversational-style sermons, a strong desire continues for preaching that is clear, deeply theological and biblical, impassioned, and relevant.

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Reality brings excitement to engineering education

Artificial intelligence for engineering design analysis and manufacturing ◽

10.1017/s0890060498121182 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 83-86

Author(s):

LARRY LEIFER ◽

SHERI SHEPPARD

Keyword(s):

Engineering Education ◽

Social Activity ◽

Thinking Skills ◽

Engineering Practice ◽

Engineering Science ◽

Science And Engineering ◽

Engineering Product ◽

Intellectual Content ◽

Versus Communication ◽

Constant Source

The intellectual content and social activity of engineering product development are a constant source of surprise, excitement, and challenge for engineers. When our students experience product-based-learning (PBL), they experience this excitement (Brereton et al., 1995). They also have fun and perform beyond the limits required for simple grades. We, their teachers, experience these things too. Why, then, are so few students and faculty getting the PBL message? How, then, can we put the excitement back in engineering education? In part, we think this is because of three persistent mistakes in engineering education:1. We focus on individual students.2. We focus on engineering analysis versus communication between engineers.3. We fail to integrate thinking skills in engineering science and engineering practice.

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Intersectoral information and intellectual model of integration of information flows of interregional level subjects

Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport ◽

10.20291/2079-0392-2021-2-45-56 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-56

Author(s):

G. A. Galkin ◽

◽

V. V. Zubkov ◽

N. F. Sirina ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Virtual Agents ◽

Information Flows ◽

Business Associations ◽

Distributed Information ◽

Intellectual Content ◽

Software Products ◽

Transport Services ◽

Marine Traffic ◽

Intellectual System

Modern challenges actualize the search for transformation of management and interaction mechanisms and tools for determining and making optimal managerial decisions based on quota (distributed) information and intellectual content, which create conditions for the implementation of a systematic method for solving the problem of creating a large-scale and multifunctional complex of information and intellectual management and interaction systems. In this paper, the principles of building an intersectoral information and intellectual model of integration of information flows of subjects of the interregional level are considered. The construction of the model is based on the principles of information and intellectual interaction in the segment of the information economy of social and marketing cooperation. The components of the model formation methodology are presented. The system of component-methodology assumes concentration in one perimeter of information flows coming from the integrating information systems of subjects of the intersectoral, interregional level, federal regulators and business associations, using the information technology «big data». The model of integration of information flows accumulates and concentrates information knowledge in a single transport and information space and is a quota-based information and intellectual system, the structure of which reflects the coordinated interactions of virtual agents. The subjects of accumulation and concentration of information knowledge are virtual agents (integrating information and intellectual systems) of regulators, subjects and business associations. The creation of such virtual agents is based on the multiagent construction principle. Virtual agents are a new category of software products that operate in information and intellectual environment on behalf of the user. The principles of virtual agent modeling and methodology for constructing the model were used in creating software products «Electronic Service of integrated transport services» and «Multiagent intellectual system for management of transport services in rail-marine traffic», which were registered by the state.

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Water Beetles as Models in Ecology and Evolution

Annual Review of Entomology ◽

10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111829 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 359-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

David T. Bilton ◽

Ignacio Ribera ◽

Andrew Edward Z. Short

Keyword(s):

Sexual Selection ◽

Conservation Biology ◽

Model System ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Aquatic Habitats ◽

Water Beetles ◽

Dna Taxonomy ◽

Evolutionary Radiations ◽

Insect Group ◽

Ecological Range

Beetles have colonized water many times during their history, with some of these events involving extensive evolutionary radiations and multiple transitions between land and water. With over 13,000 described species, they are one of the most diverse macroinvertebrate groups in most nonmarine aquatic habitats and occur on all continents except Antarctica. A combination of wide geographical and ecological range and relatively accessible taxonomy makes these insects an excellent model system for addressing a variety of questions in ecology and evolution. Work on water beetles has recently made important contributions to fields as diverse as DNA taxonomy, macroecology, historical biogeography, sexual selection, and conservation biology, as well as predicting organismal responses to global change. Aquatic beetles have some of the best resolved phylogenies of any comparably diverse insect group, and this, coupled with recent advances in taxonomic and ecological knowledge, is likely to drive an expansion of studies in the future.

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INTELLECTUAL CONTENT OF GREEN GROWTH IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

10.32782/2224-6282/173-14 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristina Dryhola ◽

◽

Alona Khlivitskaya ◽

Daria Vydai ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Human Capital ◽

Intellectual Capital ◽

Gradual Transition ◽

Relational Capital ◽

Organizational Capital ◽

Green Growth ◽

Intellectual Activity ◽

Intellectual Content ◽

Stage Of Development

The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence of the intellectual content of green growth in the framework of the global course of mankind for sustainable development. The gradual transition in scientific works from information economy and knowledge economy to intellectual economy, which is characterized by directing human intellectual activity to environmentally friendly activities aimed at achieving global goals of sustainable development, has been analyzed. It has been noted that the intellectual economy is the foundation of green growth and the importance of knowledge, skills, theoretical and practical competencies, creativity, which act as a driver of development of green sectors of the economy has been highlighted. It has been determined that there are nine types of human capital, of which the intellectual plays a leading role at the present stage of development of socio-economic processes. In the conditions of building a green economy, capital acquires green features, which is manifested through green intellectual capital, the main components of which are green human capital, green organizational capital and green relational capital. The interaction of green human and green organizational capital forms green relational capital, which is expressed in the form of green jobs, inclusiveness and gender equality. It has been noted that in the long run the development of green intellectual capital leads to the effect of decoupling, which is manifested in the gap between indicators of economic prosperity and environmental degradation. That is why strategies for the development of green intellectual capital should be the basis for the development of countries around the world to achieve global goals of sustainable development in terms of green growth.

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Detection of cryptic diversity in lizards (Squamata) from two Biosphere Reserves in Mesoamerica

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

10.3897/compcytogen.v14i4.57765 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 613-638

Author(s):

Riccardo Castiglia ◽

Oscar Alberto Flores-Villela ◽

Alexandra M. R. Bezerra ◽

Ekaterina Gornung ◽

Flavia Annesi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Species Group ◽

Phylogeographic Structure ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Dna Taxonomy ◽

16S Gene ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

First Time ◽

Mtdna Marker

A combined approach based on karyology and DNA taxonomy allowed us to characterize the taxonomic peculiarities in 10 Mesoamerican lizard species, belonging to six genera and five families, inhabiting two Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico: La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve, and Montes Azules Biosphere. The karyotypes of four species, Phyllodactylus sp. 3 (P. tuberculosus species group) (2n = 38), Holcosus festivus (Lichtenstein et von Martens, 1856) (2n = 50), Anolis lemurinus Cope, 1861 (2n = 40), and A. uniformis Cope, 1885 (2n = 29–30) are described for the first time, the last one showing a particular X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y condition. In Aspidoscelis deppii (Wiegmann, 1834) (2n = 50) and Anolis capito Peters, 1863 (2n = 42), we found a different karyotype from the ones previously reported for these species. Moreover, in A. capito, the cytogenetic observation is concurrent with a considerable genetic divergence (9%) at the studied mtDNA marker (MT-ND2), which is indicative of a putative new cryptic species. The skink Scincella cherriei (Cope, 1893), showed high values of genetic divergence (5.2% at 16S gene) between the specimens from Montes Azules and those from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, comparable to the values typical of sister species in skinks. A lower level of genetic divergence, compatible with an intraspecific phylogeographic structure, has been identified in Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Duméril, 1851. These new data identify taxa that urgently require more in-depth taxonomic studies especially in these areas where habitat alteration is proceeding at an alarming rate.

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Excluding spatial sampling bias does not eliminate over-splitting in DNA-based species delimitation analyses

10.22541/au.161346977.72856215/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Lukic ◽

Jonas Eberle ◽

Jana Thormann ◽

Carolus Holzschuh ◽

Dirk Ahrens

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcoding ◽

Species Delimitation ◽

Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽

Sampling Bias ◽

Lineage Sorting ◽

Data Set ◽

Dna Taxonomy ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

And Performance ◽

Single Locality

DNA-barcoding and DNA-based species delimitation are major tools in DNA taxonomy. Sampling has been a central debate in this context, because the geographical composition of samples affect the accuracy and performance of DNA-barcoding. Performance of complex DNA-based species delimitation is to be tested under simpler conditions in absence of geographic sampling bias. Here, we present an empirical data set sampled from a single locality in a Southeast-Asian biodiversity hotspot (Laos: Phou Pan mountain). We investigate the performance of various species delimitation approaches on a megadiverse assemblage of herbivore chafer beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to infer whether species delimitation suffers in the same way from exaggerate infraspecific variation despite the lack of geographic genetic variation that led to inconsistencies between entities from DNA-based and morphology-based species inference in previous studies. For this purpose, a 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) was analysed for a total of 186 individuals of 56 morphospecies. Tree based and distance based species delimitation methods were used. All approaches showed a rather limited match ratio (max. 77%) with morphospecies. PTP and TCS prevailingly over-splitted morphospecies, while 3% clustering and ABGD also lumped several species into one entity. ABGD revealed the highest congruence between molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) and morphospecies. Disagreements between morphospecies and MOTUs were discussed in the context of historically acquired geographic genetic differentiation, incomplete lineage sorting, and hybridization. The study once again highlights how important morphology still is in order to correctly interpret the results of molecular species delimitation.

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The implementation of total quality management in Arab universities: A proposed model

International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.21833/ijaas.2021.07.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Abdul-Wasea Abdul-Ghani Saif Almekhlafi ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Quality Management ◽

Total Quality Management ◽

Customer Service ◽

Systems Approach ◽

Integrated System ◽

Total Quality ◽

Academic Leaders ◽

Intellectual Content ◽

Final Sample ◽

Proposed Model

The purpose of this study is to develop a model for the implementation of total quality management in higher educational institutions, Arab universities. This model exceeds the limitations in the implemented current models in various business organizations through implementing the systems approach and process entry in the design that includes inputs, processes, outputs, and goals. This study is a survey-based methodology in which the survey is designed based on the 7 famous models of implementing the total quality with an adaption within the framework of the total quality management concept. The final sample consists of 51 academic leaders at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University who hold various experiences in working with different Arab universities. The results of this study indicate that the proposed model obtained high relative importance that reached at the axis level a high degree ranged between 76.39%-80.78%, and at the overall level reached a percentage of 80.39%. This confirms the importance of the model in expressing the intellectual content of management of total quality as an integrated system of universities as open organizations to their external context. This study recommends that high leaders should believe in the importance of total quality management and encourage its application through the proposed model with its essential criteria and its sub-dimensions and spreading the culture of total quality management and customer service among workers.

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Comment on Falade et al. (2016) DNA-barcoding of Clarias gariepinus, Coptedon zillii and Sarotherodon melanotheron from Southwestern Nigeria

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.9829.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 2654

Author(s):

Jeremy A. Miller ◽

Isolde van Riemsdijk ◽

Mohd Zacaery Khalik ◽

David J. Scager ◽

Menno Schilthuizen

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcoding ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Journal Club ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Dna Taxonomy ◽

Open Review ◽

Review Model ◽

Sarotherodon Melanotheron ◽

Untapped Resource

A publication by Falade et al. was selected for discussion by a Naturalis Biodiversity Center-Leiden University Journal Club. The study focused on the identification of fish from Southwestern Nigeria using a DNA barcoding approach. Questions raised during the discussion led to a reanalysis and reinterpretation of the data presented. The authors characterize the process of deriving a taxonomic identification from their sequence data as straightforward, but we were concerned that their approach made it nearly impossible to fail to obtain a taxonomic name for each sequence. The value of sophisticated DNA taxonomy, as well as the pitfalls of its naïve application, are discussed. We suggest that journal discussion groups may be an untapped resource for expanding rigorous peer review, particularly for journals that have adopted an open review model.

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