OR33: The Impact of the Choice of Software Package on Computed Tomography Calculation of Body Composition Variables

AbstractDeep learning methods produce promising results when applied to a wide range of medical imaging tasks, including segmentation of artery lumen in computed tomography angiography (CTA) data. However, to perform sufficiently, neural networks have to be trained on large amounts of high quality annotated data. In the realm of medical imaging, annotations are not only quite scarce but also often not entirely reliable. To tackle both challenges, we developed a two-step approach for generating realistic synthetic CTA data for the purpose of data augmentation. In the first step moderately realistic images are generated in a purely numerical fashion. In the second step these images are improved by applying neural domain adaptation. We evaluated the impact of synthetic data on lumen segmentation via convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by comparing resulting performances. Improvements of up to 5% in terms of Dice coefficient and 20% for Hausdorff distance represent a proof of concept that the proposed augmentation procedure can be used to enhance deep learning-based segmentation for artery lumen in CTA images.

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neuroimaging scan volumes at a teaching hospital

The Neuroradiology Journal ◽

10.1177/1971400920988664 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 197140092098866

Author(s):

Daniel Thomas Ginat ◽

James Kenniff

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

The United States ◽

Radiology Department ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Academic Medical Centre ◽

Academic Medical ◽

The Impact

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to a widespread socioeconomic shutdown, including medical facilities in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact on neuroimaging utilisation at an academic medical centre in the United States caused by this shutdown. Methods Exam volumes from 1 February 2020 to 11 August 2020 were calculated based on patient location, including outpatient, inpatient and emergency, as well as modality type, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. 13 March 2020 was designated as the beginning of the shutdown period for the radiology department and 1 May 2020 was designated as the reopening date. The scan volumes during the pre-shutdown, shutdown and post-shutdown periods were compared using t-tests. Results Overall, neuroimaging scan volumes declined significantly by 41% during the shutdown period and returned to 98% of the pre-shutdown period levels after the shutdown, with an estimated 3231 missed scans. Outpatient scan volumes were more greatly affected than inpatient scan volumes, while emergency scan volumes declined the least during the shutdown. In addition, the magnetic resonance imaging scan volumes declined to a greater degree than the computed tomography scan volumes during the shutdown. Conclusion The shutdown from the COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial but transient impact on neuroimaging utilisation overall, with variable magnitude depending on patient location and modality type.

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Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3758

Author(s):

Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽

Lucyna Ostrowska ◽

Joanna Leszczyńska ◽

Karolina Orywal ◽

Urszula Cwalina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

The Body ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Double Blind ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Total Body ◽

The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

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Relation between body composition and severe diarrhea in patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation with capecitabine for rectal cancer: a single-centre cohort study

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-01886-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J. M. van Rees ◽

W. Hartman ◽

J. J. M. E. Nuyttens ◽

E. Oomen-de Hoop ◽

J. L. A. van Vugt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rectal Cancer ◽

Body Composition ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Preoperative Chemoradiation ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Single Centre ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Chemoradiation with capecitabine followed by surgery is standard care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Severe diarrhea is considered a dose-limiting toxicity of adding capecitabine to radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the risk factors and the impact of body composition on severe diarrhea in patients with LARC during preoperative chemoradiation with capecitabine. Methods A single centre retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre. All patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation with capecitabine for LARC from 2009 to 2015 were included. Patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer who received chemoradiation for the first time were included as well. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for severe diarrhea. Results A total of 746 patients were included. Median age was 64 years (interquartile range 57–71) and 477 patients (64%) were male. All patients received a radiation dosage of 25 × 2 Gy during a period of five weeks with either concomitant capecitabine administered on radiation days or continuously during radiotherapy. In this cohort 70 patients (9%) developed severe diarrhea. In multivariable logistic regression analyses female sex (OR: 4.42, 95% CI 2.54–7.91) and age ≥ 65 (OR: 3.25, 95% CI 1.85–5.87) were the only risk factors for severe diarrhea. Conclusions Female patients and patients aged sixty-five or older had an increased risk of developing severe diarrhea during preoperative chemoradiation therapy with capecitabine. No relation was found between body composition and severe diarrhea.

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The impact of the variation of imaging parameters on the robustness of Computed Tomography radiomic features: A review

Computers in Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 133 ◽

pp. 104400

Author(s):

Reza Reiazi ◽

Engy Abbas ◽

Petra Famiyeh ◽

Aria Rezaie ◽

Jennifer Y.Y. Kwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Imaging Parameters ◽

The Impact

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The impact of computed tomography in the diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of ureteric obstruction in aorto-iliac aneurysmal disease

European Journal of Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/s0950-821x(89)80121-5 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 475-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bernard Nachbur ◽

Borut Marincek ◽

Rolf Jakob ◽

Daniel Ackerman

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Ureteric Obstruction ◽

The Impact

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Body Composition Changes in Gastric Cancer Patients during Preoperative FLOT Therapy: Preliminary Results of an Italian Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 960

Author(s):

Emanuele Rinninella ◽

Antonia Strippoli ◽

Marco Cintoni ◽

Pauline Raoul ◽

Raffaella Vivolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Body Composition ◽

Tumor Regression ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Tumor Regression Grade ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Before And After ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients ◽

The Impact ◽

Composition Changes

Background: The impact of the new chemotherapy, fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) on body composition in gastric cancer (GC) patients remains unknown. We assessed body composition changes of GC patients receiving the FLOT regimen and their impact on treatment outcomes. Methods: Preoperative pre- and post-FLOT computed tomography (CT) scans of advanced GC patients were studied. Lumbar skeletal muscle index (SMI) and adipose indices were calculated before and after FLOT. Results: A total of 26 patients were identified between April 2019 and January 2020. Nineteen patients were sarcopenic at diagnosis. The mean BMI decreased (from 24.4 ± 3.7 to 22.6 ± 3.1; p < 0.0001) as well as the SMI (from 48.74 ± 9.76 to 46.52 ± 9.98; p = 0.009) and visceral adipose index (VAI) (from 49.04 ± 31.06 to 41.99 ± 23.91; p = 0.004) during preoperative FLOT therapy. BMI, SMI, and VAI variations were not associated with toxicity, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), response, delay and completion of perioperative FLOT chemotherapy, and the execution of gastrectomy; a decrease of SMI ≥ 5% was associated with a higher Mandard tumor regression grade (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Almost three-quarters (73.1%) of GC patients were sarcopenic at diagnosis. Preoperative FLOT was associated with a further reduction in SMI, BMI, and VAI. These changes were not associated with short-term outcomes.

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