The status of genetic material and genetic information in The Netherlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Joke I. de Witte ◽  
Jos V.M. Welie
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
The Status

Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinopathies: Update on Development Progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Susan Sun ◽  
Sandra R. Montezuma
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Retinal Disorders ◽  
The Status ◽  
Therapy Treatment

Inherited retinopathies are a group of genetic disorders that lead to blindness and/or vision impairment. Until now, treatment options for inherited retinopathies largely remained limited to supportive therapy. Gene therapy is an attractive therapeutic technique that allows repair of diseased genes, and it has shown success in vision improvement for patients affected by retinal disorders caused by genetic mutations. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the first gene therapy treatment for the eye, indicated for biallelic RPE65 mutation associated Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), in December of 2017. Additionally, results from other ongoing clinical trials could further establish gene therapy as the milestone treatment that plays a role in disease process reversal for inherited retinopathies. This review article provides an update on the status of gene therapy for treatment of a variety of retinopathies, including LCA, choroideremia, achromatopsia, Stargardt disease, X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, and X-linked retinoschisis. Furthermore, this article explores transport methods of the genetic material, as well as therapy-delivery approaches used in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals Domestic violence policies in the Netherlands: A regime of deficiency

2020 ◽  
pp. 146349962095885
Author(s):  
Arne Mellaard ◽  
Toon van Meijl
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

In a number of countries, domestic violence is represented as a governable phenomenon that is amenable to policy interventions. Over the past 40 years in the Netherlands, however, this approach has not resulted in a reduction of domestic violence. Yet new policy strategies continue to be designed to improve existing interventions. In this article, we focus on a Dutch policy measure that aims to detect early signals of violence and abuse. We argue that this strategy, by approaching domestic violence as a technical problem, fails to take into account structural and symbolic violence. As a consequence, the impact of domestic violence policies on women, particularly poor women, and especially women with a migration background, is to intensify their difficulties. Moreover, these policies deploy a technology that shapes the subjectivity of professionals engaged in protection practices, while maintaining the status quo of inequality and violence against women. The connection between these two flaws of domestic violence policies leads us to claim that the current approach is constituted as a regime of deficiency.

scholarly journals On Dugesia Gonocephala from Western Europe

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. de Vries ◽  
Ian R. Ball
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
The Status

Dugesia gonocephala s.l. is often considered to be a “superspecies” comprising numerous component “microspecies” which are morphologically, karyologically, and reproductively delimited. We have studied populations of D. gonocephala from France, Belgium and The Netherlands and found them to be fairly uniform in respect of most features studied. Nevertheless, discrepancies between them and the “classical” concept of this species as embodied in the literature have raised doubts as to the status and identity of D. gonocephala s. str. A proper understanding of the relationships of the D. gonocephala group can not be obtained without resolution of this problem.

scholarly journals Poplar Short Rotation Coppice Plantations under Mediterranean Conditions: The Case of Spain

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Nerea Oliveira ◽  
César Pérez-Cruzado ◽  
Isabel Cañellas ◽  
Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro ◽  
Hortensia Sixto
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

Developing a circular bioeconomy based on the sustainable use of biological resources, such as biomass, seems to be the best way of responding to the challenges associated with global change. Among the many sources, short rotation forest crops are an essential instrument for obtaining quality biomass with a predictable periodicity and yield, according to the areas of cultivation. This review aims to provide an overview of available knowledge on short rotation coppice Populus spp. plantations under Mediterranean conditions and specifically in Spain, in order to identify not only the status, but also the future prospects, for this type of biomass production. The analysis of available information was conducted by taking into consideration the following aspects: Genetic plant material; plantation design, including densities, rotation lengths and the number of rotations, and mixtures; management activities, including irrigation, fertilization, and weed control; yield prediction; biomass characterization; and finally, an evaluation of the sustainability of the plantation and ecosystem services provided. Despite advances, there is still much to be done if these plantations are to become a commercial reality in some Mediterranean areas. To achieve this aim, different aspects need to be reconsidered, such as irrigation, bearing in mind that water restrictions represent a real threat; the specific adaptation of genetic material to these conditions, in order to obtain a greater efficiency in resource use, as well as a greater resistance to pests and diseases or tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity; rationalizing fertilization; quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services; the advance of more reliable predictive models based on ecophysiology; the specific characterization of biomass for its final use (bioenergy/bioproducts); technological improvements in management and harvesting; and finally, improving the critical aspects detected in environmental, energy, and economic analyses to achieve profitable and sustainable plantations under Mediterranean conditions.

Initiation of archaeal DNA replication

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Jenkinson ◽  
J.P.J. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
Archaeal Dna Replication ◽  
The Way

The identification of DNA as the genetic material and the elucidation of its structure by Watson and Crick [Watson and Crick, (1953) Nature (London) 171, 737–738], which has its 50th anniversary this year, first suggested the simple elegance with which the problem of passing on precise genetic information from one generation to the next could be solved. Semi-conservative replication is perhaps one of the simplest biological concepts to explain and understand. However, despite an enormous amount of effort in the intervening years, details of the way in which this process is regulated and performed are still unclear in many organisms. Recent work suggests that, due to their simplicity, the Archaea may make a good model for understanding some of the aspects of eukaryotic replication that still elude us.

The UN Council for Namibia vs. Urenco, UCN and the state of the Netherlands

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico J. Schruver
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
International Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Status

Nico Schrijver discusses the claim by the UN Council for Namibia against Ultra Centrifuge Nederland, Urenco, and The Netherlands in the case concerning the alleged illegal processing ofNamibian uranium. He analyzes the evolution of international law with respect to Namibia, the status of the UN Council for Namibia, the juridical value of Decree No.I, the contents of the writ of summons as well as the counter-arguments by The Netherlands government.

scholarly journals The potential of epigenetic methods to provide evidence of torture

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Paula Suárez-López
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Epigenetic Marks ◽  
Ethical Implications

Introduction: The last five decades have wit- nessed a transition from brutal forms of physi- cal torture to other physical and psychological methods that do not leave marks on the body. Providing evidence of these types of torture is often a challenge. Finding biological markers of torture would potentially contribute to solve this problem. Methods: Scientific literature review. Results: Methods to analyse certain biological marks present in the genetic material (the DNA), called epigenetic marks, have been developed in recent years. These marks can change in response to environmental factors, but these changes do not alter the genetic information contained in the DNA. Changes in epigenetic marks have been correlated with traumatic stress. Given that torture is an extreme form of trauma, this article argues that torture may also be associated with epigenetic changes. Discussion: Epigenetic methods offer a new tool that might be useful for the medico-legal documentation of cases of torture. Given that these methods have not been used for this purpose yet, they should be tested. Whether they have potential to contribute to determine the severity of suffering, establish a severity threshold or design strategies for the rehabilitation of torture survivors is discussed. The advantages and limitations of these methods, as well as ethical implications, must be taken into account.

scholarly journals Conquest and Incorporation: Pays Conquis or Pays Réunies?

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Martijn van der Burg
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
The Status ◽  
Independent States

AbstractThis chapter investigates how the (nominally) independent states in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany were slowly but surely seized by French troops, and subsequently incorporated by imperial decree. The conquest and incorporation of the northern lands brought about radical political changes, as well as dilemmas. How were new territories to be fitted in: as dependencies taken by force (pays conquis), or as new departments on equal footing (pays réunies)? And to which extent did ‘on equal footing’ mean eradicating regional diversity within the Empire? Whether uniform structures were imposed too promptly, or not, was contested. The Emperor sent confidants northbound, to investigate existing conditions. Vice versa, Northerners visited Paris, to exert influence on the status of their projected departments. For Dutch and German dignitaries it was of the utmost importance to acknowledge Napoleon’s droit de conquête, while lobbying for an integration form that did justice to local circumstances. Eventually, both areas were given a full status within the Empire, taking into account national peculiarities to a certain extent, but only as long as that did not harm the interests of Old France.

scholarly journals Functional and Facilitating: A Look into the Promotion and Standardization of Dutch as the Official Language in the Netherlands

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Zhang Jiachen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
World Trade ◽  
National Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Capacity ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
Language Promotion ◽  
Research Show

Dutch society is open and international-oriented. A long standing tradition of world trade has contributed to the English proficiency of Dutch citizens. This, however, brings challenges to the status of Dutch as the national official language in the Netherlands. This paper takes the framework of national language capacity building proposed by Wen Qiufang and inspects the Dutch language policy in official language promotion and standardization. Results of the research show that coming from other languages that undermines the position of Dutch as national official language is gradually increasing. The Dutch solution is to put facilitating measures in place and to develop functional tools to support language users and learners. This solution can be valuable for the building of European multilingual landscape with its facilitating feature.

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