Abnormal Pap Smear Rates Fall Since HPV Vaccine

Background. Cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) though preventable has claimed the lives of many women worldwide. This study was embarked upon to evaluate the general knowledge and perceptions of Nigerian women on HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccine.Methods. Structured questionnaires were administered to a cross section of 737 women randomly selected from the general population in two southwestern States of Nigeria. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS computer software version 16. APvalue >0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. One hundred and seventy-six (23.9%) of the respondents had knowledge of HPV; 474 (64.3%) are aware of cervical cancer but only 136 (18.5%) know that HPV causes cervical cancer. 200 (27.1%) are aware that there is an HPV vaccine while 300 (40.7%) had knowledge of Pap smear test. Two hundred and sixty (35.3%) of the respondents know that early detection of HPV can prevent cervical cancer and in spite of this, only 110 (14.9%) have taken the Pap smear test before while 151 (20.5%) are not willing to go for the test at all.Conclusions. There is therefore the need to create proper awareness on the HPV and its possible consequence of cervical carcinoma.

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Awareness On Cervical Cancer and Utilization of Pap-Smear (Papanicolaou) Test Among Adult Women-A Hospital Based Study

Journal of Gynecology & Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.33140/jgrm.05.01.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Low Income ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Adult Women ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Cervical cancer, a major public health problem and stood in the 2nd position among other cancers in women and accounts more than 84% new cases worldwide and more than 85% death from middle and low income countries. It ranks as the 1st most frequent cancer among women of age 15 to 44 years in Nepal. Purpose: To assess the awareness of cervical cancer and screening test and its practice among women in Nepal. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to August 2017 among 409 women at the Gynecology Out Patient Department (OPD) of Helping Hands Community Hospital, Kathmandu. Prior to data collection, necessary ethical approvals were taken from concern authorities and informed consents were taken from the participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire with a face-to-face interview. Data were analyzed and presented in the tabular form with the frequency and percentage. To see the significant differences between variables chi square test was used and p value of <0.05 was set as the level of significance. Knowledge related factors were obtained using a Likert scale. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the women was 33.52 (9.98) years. Among total respondents, 32.8% heard about cervical cancer and among them, only 13.4 % of them had knowledge of the causative agent the HPV and about 21.1% of them had an idea about the vaccine. Women who had heard about cervical cancer, only 13% had knowledge on the Pap smear test. Among the women who have heard about cervical cancer, only 23.9% of them had experienced on the Pap smear test. Among the women who had knowledge of cervical cancer (134), only 9.7% (13) of them had heard about the HPV vaccine. This study showed that heard about cervical cancer, knowledge on Pap smear test and knowledge of the HPV vaccine are significant difference with the education level of the respondents (p <0.01). Conclusion: Enrollment of women in academic education and adequate information through different media targeting eligible women is needed to raise awareness to change their behaviors to utilize the screening facility.

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Concrete case: An opportunity to improve cervical cancer prevention—Primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer in patients with cervical cancer and their families.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e18571-e18571

Author(s):

Jurema Telles O Lima ◽

Carla Rameri Alexandre Silva De Azevedo ◽

Candice Lima Lima ◽

Leticia Katz ◽

Mozart j t Sales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Health System ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Family Members ◽

Pap Test ◽

Study Region ◽

Source Of Information

e18571 Background: cervical cancer (CC) reveals regional and social inequalities and should be understood not only as an oncological indicator, but essentially as an indicator of social vulnerability and health care needs.CC is the second most incident and the most deadly among women from the Northeast’S Brazil and the third most incident in Brazil Although the HPV vaccine coverage and the Pap smear test are available through the Brazilian public health system, the coverage of the target population is low. objective: Verify the conditions of access/use of the health system by women with cervical cancer (CC) and their families. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving cancer patients admitted to IMIP between 2016 and 2019. The variable data were related to the sociodemographic profile, preventive examination, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and the influence of the diagnosis of CC on the search for preventive and screening measures by women's family members. Results: Out of the 285 participants,between 9-21 years old and 101 between 25-69 years old. Of the patients studied,55,8% lives urban area. It has a higher performance of biopsies in the public sector (59,5%). The sociodemographic analysis highlights the non-white race (78,2%) and only 6,8% with complete high school. The knowledge about performing the Pap smear reached 88,9% and the disinformation about the HPV reached 44,4%.the school was the largest source of information about the HPV vaccine (30,6%). Related to the influence of cancer, 62,2% said that young family members underwent HPV vaccination and 82,2% related their diagnosis to search for preventive in family members over 25 years old. a much higher percentage than vaccination coverage and preventive exam in the study region report that the diagnosis of cancer influenced the decision to vaccinate (42%) and update the pap test (69%). about 30% of patients had never taken the pap test. the early start (15 - 19y) of the pap test was not significant for the periodic performance of the pap test. 46% reported the lack of information about the importance of the exam as a reason for not performing it and 34% reported fear. conclusion :Strengthening educational activities and offering vaccines against HPV and Pap smears in the diagnosis of a case of cervical cancer can be an opportunity to expand the coverage of preventive measures more effectively among people close to the patient and her community, which cannot be missed. The school was an important source of information about the HPV vaccine and should be directly involved in this fight.Reducing an inequality cycle.

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From Pap Smear to HPV Vaccine: The Cervical Cancer Prevention Industry

10.52305/kguy3866 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sin Hang Lee, MD

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Cervical Cancer Prevention

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Factors Associated with the HPV Vaccination among Korean Americans and Koreans: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Soojung Jo ◽

Soo-Yeon Han ◽

Connor A. Walters

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Korean Americans ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Perceived Benefits ◽

Hpv Knowledge ◽

Factors Associated

Koreans and Korean Americans (KAs) have limited HPV knowledge and awareness. KAs share a culture with Koreans, and this culture has affected their behavior around HPV. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the factors associated with HPV vaccination among Koreans and KAs. The literature search was done with four databases. The vaccination rate, awareness and knowledge of HPV, and factors associated with vaccination intention were identified. Eighteen articles were selected. Koreans and KAs had low levels of HPV knowledge and awareness. Perceived benefits and seriousness were associated with vaccination intention. Cervical cancer history, beliefs that their daughters need a pap smear test, sexual intercourse experiences, occupation, low education, and income were associated with vaccination intention. This systematic review discovered that HPV vaccination behavior is associated with HPV vaccine awareness, perceived benefits of the vaccine, and the perceived seriousness of HPV infection among Koreans and KAs. Based on the results, we suggest healthcare providers provide a HPV vaccine recommendation by emphasizing the benefits of the vaccination to Koreans and KAs. This study can be the basis for developing interventions to increase HPV vaccination by guiding the target population and variables, as well as the intervention content.

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and the quadrivalent HPV Vaccine among Brazilian adolescents and parents: Factors associated with and divergences in knowledge and acceptance

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241674

Author(s):

Jéssica Menezes Gomes ◽

Beatriz Machado Silva ◽

Edige Felipe de Sousa Santos ◽

Patricia Jane Kelly ◽

Annielson de Souza Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Survey Knowledge

Background Low national immunization coverage (44.64%) requires strengthening the vaccination campaign to improve knowledge about HPV and its vaccine among adolescents and parents/guardians. Our aim is to evaluate factors related to knowledge about HPV, its vaccine, acceptability and divergences among Brazilian adolescents and parents/guardians. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed at a health unit of Sao Paulo University, Brazil, from 2015 to 2016. The convenience sample comprised 1047 individuals, including 74% (n = 776) adolescents and 26% (n = 271) parents/guardians, who answered a survey (knowledge about HPV, its vaccine, barriers and acceptability). Results The main source of information for adolescents was school (39%, n = 298); for parents/guardians, it was health professionals (55%, n = 153). Parents/guardians were 2.48 times more likely than adolescents to know that HPV caused changes in the Pap smear test [RR 2.48, 95% CI 2.03–3.01 (p < 0.001)], 1.43 times likely to be aware that HPV was a sexually transmitted infection [RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.22–1.68 (p < 0.001)], and 2.77 times likely to be informed that the HPV vaccine decreased the chance of having genital warts [RR 2.77, 95% CI 2.22–2.47 (p < 0.001)]. Girls knew more about the topic than boys (RR 1.67; 95% CI 1.10–2.60); education increased parents’ knowledge [(RR 3.38; 95% CI 1.71–6.69)]. Conclusion Female adolescents and parents/guardians with a higher level of education are factors related to suitable knowledge about HPV and its vaccine among Brazilian respondents. There were differences between parents/guardians and adolescents in HPV awareness, clinical implications, vaccine knowledge and vaccine acceptance.

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Women's Knowledge of Pap Smear Test and Human Papillomavirus: Acceptance of HPV Vaccination to Themselves and Their Daughters in an Islamic Society

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1111/igc.0b013e3181dda2b9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1058-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Erdin Ilter ◽

Aygen Celik ◽

Berna Haliloglu ◽

Elif Unlugedik ◽

Ahmet Midi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Cervix Uteri ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test

Objective:Cancer of cervix uteri is the second most common cancer among women, and it has been shown to be caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in more than 99% of cases. We surveyed Muslim Turkish women, who mostly accept talking about sex as a taboo, to examine their knowledge about Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test, HPV, HPV vaccine, and their attitude toward vaccination to themselves and their daughters.Methods:We surveyed 525 women aged between 19 and 53 years to examine their knowledge about cervical cancer screening Pap smear test, HPV, HPV vaccine, and their attitude toward vaccination to themselves and their daughters with a questionnaire that is consisted of 5 parts with a total of 31 items.Results:The knowledge of cervical screening was high (70%), and 51% of the subjects were at least once had a Pap smear test, but most respondents (56%) had never heard of HPV. For most women, recommendations from health workers (67%) were the major influences in deciding to get vaccinated.Conclusions:The importance of successful introduction on the vaccine by the drug providers and health care professionals in Turkey was shown in this present study with a high rate of awareness of cervical cancer vaccine. "Early-age vaccination knowledge" before any sexual contact is probably due to the correct education of mothers by health care professionals. The professionals should be educated and trained about HPV, vaccination, and its relation with cervical cancer to increase the knowledge about it.

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Barriers and Facilitators of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination During the Implementation of the School-Based HPV Vaccine Program in Manizales, Colombia

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.11000 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 18s-18s

Author(s):

Verónica Cordoba ◽

Olga Lucía Tovar-Aguirre ◽

Sandra Franco ◽

María del Pilar Escobar ◽

Nelson Enrique Arias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Socioeconomic Level ◽

Vaccination Rates ◽

School Based

Abstract 43 Purpose Colombia implemented a school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program that consisted of a three-dose series in girls age 9 years in 2012. In 2014, the program included girls up to the last grade of high school, and the second and third doses were scheduled at 6 and 60 months. After a mass psychogenic response after vaccination that occurred from May to October 2014 in Carmen de Bolivar, vaccination rates dropped from 80% in 2012 and 2013 to 18% in 2014. The aim of the current study was to identify barriers and facilitators of HPV vaccine uptake in Colombia. Methods To develop quantitative instruments for a population-based survey, we conducted 19 qualitative interviews and 18 focus groups between September 2016 and February 2017. Participants were girls who were eligible to receive vaccination between 2012 and 2014 and their parents or legal representatives. Results Forty-nine girls who were selected from six schools of low (n = 2), medium (n = 2), and high (n = 2) socioeconomic level and 58 of their parents participated in the study. Eighty-one percent (40 of 49) of girls were age 12 to 15 years at the time of interview. No girls from schools of a low socioeconomic level and only two of 20 of their parents knew the etiology of cervical cancer. Pap smear cytology and condom use were the methods of cervical cancer prevention that were most often mentioned by parents. Only vaccinated girls from schools of a high socioeconomic level considered the HPV vaccine to be a good prevention alternative. Facilitators in adults were the desire to prevent disease in general and HPV. For both girls and their parents, listening to positive information about the vaccine facilitated vaccine uptake. Negative media information about the effects of the vaccine from the 2014 psychogenic event was the main barrier for vaccine uptake or series completion. Fifty-seven percent of girls and 30% of parents mentioned that, at the time of vaccination, information about the HPV vaccine was received mainly through government massive media campaigns, whereas approxiamtely one half of both parents and girls did not receive information from schools or health care services. Conclusion Our results suggest that improving HPV vaccination rates in Colombia will require a comprehensive education program, including mass media information about the HPV vaccine. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

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Knowledge and awareness about human papillomavirus infection and its vaccination among women in Arab communities

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80834-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mervat M. Alsous ◽

Ahlam A. Ali ◽

Sayer I. Al-Azzam ◽

Mariam H. Abdel Jalil ◽

Hala J. Al-Obaidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Postgraduate Education ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

National Immunization

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common types of cancer that affect females worldwide with hundreds of thousands of women dying annually due to this disease, mainly in developing countries. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for this cancer. There are no public awareness and national immunization programs in most Arab countries. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and awareness about the HPV vaccine among females in four Arab countries and their acceptance to receive the vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted in several Arab countries: Jordan, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Iraq. Respondents that fulfilled the desired criteria and were willing to participate in the study were asked to fill out the survey. Knowledge and awareness were assessed using 13 questions. Ethical approvals were given from the four countries. A total of 3658 individuals participated in the study; however, 2804 responses were included in the analysis and more than one third of participants (n = 1007) were aged between 18 and 25 years old. This study revealed poor awareness and knowledge of the participants about HPV and its vaccine among all four countries’ participants with relatively better knowledge among participants from the UAE. Participants who are younger (18–25 years old), have a postgraduate education, have an education or career related to the medical field, or had a Pap smear in the last three years tend to have higher knowledge about the HPV vaccine compared to others. Poor knowledge and awareness findings in this study were expected, considering the lack of public education campaigns regarding the HPV virus coupled with the absence of the HPV vaccination from the national immunization schedule in three participating countries (Jordan, Qatar, and Iraq). It is recommended that there is a need to provide national educational campaigns about the HPV vaccine to the public in all Arab populations.

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