Selection of Winter and Summer Annual Life Forms in Populations of Senecio sylvaticus L.1)1Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. Meusel, Halle (Saale), on the occasion of his 80th birthday.

Flora ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 182 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H.O. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
80Th Birthday ◽  
Senecio Sylvaticus ◽  
Selection Of

Application of large- and medium-scale aerial photographs to forest vegetation management: A case study

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Pitt ◽  
Ulf Runesson ◽  
F. Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Forest Classification ◽  
Vegetation Complexes ◽  
Product Verification ◽  
Selection Of

Five experimental conifer release treatments applied to each of four, three- to seven- year-old spruce plantations resulted in a mosaic of woody and herbaceous vegetation complexes after two growing seasons. A combination of 1:5000-scale overview and 1:500-scale sample photographs were evaluated as a means of mapping and quantifying cover in each of eight vegetation and two non-vegetation categories. On 23-cm format, 1:5000-scale photographs, blocks were stereoscopically stratified into areas (> 25 m2) of uniform vegetation. A random selection of eighty 70-mm format, 1:500 photo samples were then used as "training sites" to calibrate strata assessment on the 1:5000 photographs. Remaining sample plots were used to verify the accuracy of the final map product. Verification plots suggested that principle vegetation components such as tall, mid, and low shrub, grass, and herbaceous species were estimated to within 5–10% cover, at least 70% of the time. Errors for lesser components, such as dead shrub, conifer, bare ground and slash were 2–5% cover. Ferns could not be discerned at the 1:5000 scale and there was evidence of occasional confusion between herbaceous species and other life forms, including mid shrub, low shrub, and grass categories. Operational applications of the methodology are discussed. Key words: remote sensing, digitized aerial photographs, vegetation management, forest classification

Directed exospermia: I. Biological modes of resistance to UV light are implied through absorption spectroscopy of DNA and potential UV screens

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Zalar ◽  
David Tepfer ◽  
Søren V. Hoffmann ◽  
John M. Kenney ◽  
Sydney Leach
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Dna Protection ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Uv Absorption Spectrum

AbstractPanspermia, the dissemination of life through space, would require resistance to the conditions found in space, including UV light. All known life forms depend on DNA to store information. In an effort to understand the liabilities of DNA to UV light and modes of DNA protection in terrestrial life forms, we established UV–VUV (125–340 nm) absorption spectra for dry DNA and its polymerized components and mononucleotides, as well as for a selection of potential UV screens ubiquitous in all organisms, including proteins, selected amino acids and amines (polyamines and tyramine). Montmorillonite clay was included as a potential abiotic UV screen. Among the potential screens tested, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) appeared to be particularly attractive, because its UV absorption spectrum was similar to that of DNA. We suggest that the use of ATP in UV protection could have pre-dated its current role in energy transfer. Spectroscopy also showed that UV absorption varied according to nucleotide content, suggesting that base pair usage could be a factor in adaptation to given UV environments and the availability of UV screens.

scholarly journals Evolution and extinction can occur rapidly: a modeling approach

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11130
Author(s):  
Vitaly A. Likhoshvai ◽  
Tamara M. Khlebodarova
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Adaptive Diversification ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Emergence Of Life ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Reproduction Efficiency

Fossil record of Earth describing the last 500 million years is characterized by evolution discontinuity as well as recurring global extinctions of some species and their replacement by new types, the causes of which are still debate. We developed a model of evolutionary self-development of a large ecosystem. This model of biota evolution based on the universal laws of living systems functioning: reproduction, dependence of reproduction efficiency and mortality on biota density, mutational variability in the process of reproduction and selection of the most adapted individuals. We have shown that global extinctions and phases of rapid growth and biodiversity stasis can be a reflection of the emergence of bistability in a self-organizing system, which is the Earth’s biota. Bistability was found to be characteristic only for ecosystems with predominant sexual reproduction. The reason for the transition from one state to another is the selection of the most adapted individuals. That is, we explain the characteristics of the Earth’s fossil record during the last 500 million years by the internal laws of Earth’s ecosystem functioning, which appeared at a certain stage of evolution as a result of the emergence of life forms with an increased adaptive diversification associated with sexual dimorphism.

scholarly journals The natural selection of metabolism explains curvature in fossil body mass evolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Witting
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Maximum Mass ◽  
Niche Evolution ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe natural selection of metabolism and mass can explain inter-specific allometries from prokaryotes to mammals (Witting 2017a), with exponents that depend on the selected metabolism and the spatial dimensionality (2D/3D) of intra-specific behaviour. The predicted 2D-exponent for total metabolism increases from 3/4 to 7/4 when the fraction of the inter-specific body mass variation that follows from primary variation in metabolism increases from zero to one.A 7/4 exponent for mammals has not been reported from inter-specific comparisons, but I detect the full range of allometries for evolution in the fossil record. There are no fossil data for allometric correlations between metabolism and mass, but I estimate life history allometries from the allometry for the rate of evolution in mass (w) in physical time (t).The exponent describes the curvature of body mass evolution, with predicted values being: 3/2 (2D) for within niche evolution in small horses over 54 million years. 5/4 (2D) and 9/8 (3D) for across niche evolution of maximum mass in four mammalian clades. 3/4 (2D) for fast evolution in large horses, and maximum mass in trunked and terrestrial mammals. 1 for maximum mass across major life-forms during 3.5 billion years of evolution along a metabolic bound.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Talia Dan-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter takes synthetic biology as the latest permutation in a history of mutual incursions between nature and culture. It explains the “synthetic” in synthetic biology as a reference to the synthesis of new life-forms and the tenuous gluing together of disparate sorts of stuff that accompanies efforts to bring new techno-epistemic projects into existence. It also talks about concepts, rationalities, expert practices, institutions, materials, techniques, aesthetics, forms, and values as a highly curated selection of disparate stuff that is seen at a moment of extraordinary uncertainty and viewed at ethnographic close range. The chapter shows the tackiness of the glue that holds together a hastily synthesized field. It looks at various techno-epistemic practices and forms of reason with which practitioners attempt to maneuver by leveraging different relations between knowledge and intervention.

scholarly journals Margaret Atwood, World-Famous but Yet to Be Discovered by Many Slovene Readers

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Tomaž Onič ◽  
Michelle Gadpaille ◽  
Jason Blake ◽  
Tjaša Mohar
Keyword(s):  
Short Fiction ◽  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
80Th Birthday ◽  
The Novel ◽  
University Library ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Lecture Series ◽  
Shadow Side ◽  
Selection Of

Margaret Atwood is the only Canadian author whose 80th birthday in 2019 was celebrated by the global academic community. This is not surprising, as she is the most famous Canadian writer, popular also outside literary circles. On this occasion, Slovene Canadianists organized a literary event at the Maribor University Library, which presented an outline of Atwood’s oeuvre and a selection of translated poems and excerpts of prose texts; some of these were translated especially for the event. Of Atwood’s rich and varied oeuvre, only eight novels, a few short fiction pieces and some thirty poems have been translated into Slovene. This article thus aims at presenting those aspects of Atwood’s work which are less know to Slovene readers. It is no secret that Atwood is often labelled a feminist writer, mostly on account of The Handmaid’s Tale and the TV series based on the novel. However, many Slovene readers may not know that she also writes poetry, short fiction, non-fiction and children’s literature, that she is a committed environmentalist, and that she discussed the problem of “Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth” in a prestigious lecture series. There are not many authors who master as many genres as Atwood and who are so well-received by readers and critics alike. The latter is true of Atwood also in Slovenia, and we can only hope that Slovene publishers will make more of Atwood’s work available to Slovene readers. All the more so since Atwood has no plans to end her career: just before her 80th birthday she was on a tour in Europe promoting her latest novel, The Testaments, and she would have continued touring in 2020 were it not for the COVID pandemic.

Subjection and Resistance: Landscapes, Gardens, Myths and Vestigial Presences in Olive Senior's Gardening in the Tropics

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Regis
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Global Modernity ◽  
Creative Writer ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Caribbean Writers ◽  
Selection Of

This paper argues that a selection of Caribbean writers has engaged an aesthetic that spotlights the idea of a living or divine landscape through a deployment of folkloric, mythological, magical or spiritual epistemological frames. This aesthetic foregrounds the expansive possibilities of nature and other life forms in the wake of empire and global modernity. By an engagement with these tools, the creative writer deconstructs the limits of colonial ecological damage and modern-day agricultural devastation, while simultaneously affirming the Caribbean landscape as an active and creative agent within articulations of community and belonging. Through a blend of eco-criticism as examined by Elizabeth DeLoughrey and Wilson Harris's formulations of the "living landscapes" and Caribbean mythologies, this essay seeks to interrogate the manner in which Caribbean poet, Olive Senior, consciously deploys the literary imagination as a platform to plant seeds of reform and activism in the trail of environmental destruction. Senior accomplishes this through notions of mythic time and space that are unfettered by monolithic ideologies and linearity. This signposts an effort to posit a reliance on a spirit-infused universe—a deeply felt ideology which is pivotal to acts of environmental healing and societal recuperation.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Constraints on the Habitable Zone

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Michael C. Storrie-Lombardi ◽  
A. I. Tsapin ◽  
G. D. Mcdonald ◽  
M. L. Coleman ◽  
V. S. Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Terrestrial Planet ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Terrestrial Planet Finder ◽  
Photosynthetic Microorganisms ◽  
Observation Times ◽  
Selection Of

The search for extraterrestrial habitable planets will require long observation times and the intelligent selection of appropriate parent stars and target biosignatures. While life can certainly develop in the absence of photosynthesis, such life forms on earth exhibit metabolic rates several orders of magnitude less than the activity accompanying a photosynthetic-driven ecosystem. The most accessible spectral biosignatures are those accompanying a system driven away from thermodynamic equilibrium by photosynthetic activity. For example, the co-existence in a planetary atmosphere of significant amounts of ozone, oxygen, and methane would be a strong indication of biotic activity. Investigating the issue of the Habitable Zone from the standpoint of the constraints inherent in photosynthesis it appears that the absorption characteristics of photosynthetic microorganisms on this planet make it likely that photosynthetic activity can exist on planets orbiting stars to red-ward of the Sun on the H-R diagram. Such a possibility is encouraging for terrestrial planet finder efforts since stars classified red-ward of our sun (G3 to K7) account for more than 55% of our nearest neighbors.

Introduction and prospects of using Clematis l. in the stavropol territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. P. Chebannaya
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Flower Shape ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the results of long-term research on the genus Clematis (Clematis L.) in the Stavropol Botanical garden. Biological, morphological and ornamental characteristics of varieties are provided; recommendations on selection of assortment and application in vertical gardening are given. For the first time, in the soil-climatic conditions of the Stavropol upland, an introduction study of 29 clematis varieties from six garden groups was conducted. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment, the most stable and highly decorative varieties were selected. In-depth study, parameters that have a significant value in the analysis of ornamental and economic-valuable qualities of varieties were revealed. In the course of research, when evaluating ornamental features, much attention was paid to the shape of the perianth, the size and color of the flowers. It was found that 24 varieties have an open flower shape, and five varieties have a bell – shaped one. The number of sepals varies from 4 to 6-8. In the presented garden groups, 27 varieties have a simple perianth, two with terry flowers. The size of the flower is divided into large-flowered, with a flower size of more than 10 cm and medium-flowered-from 4-10 cm. The color is varied, with many shades, from white-pink-red to blue-purple. When evaluating the prospects of the variety, special attention is paid to the duration and productivity of flowering. Varieties of the Lanuginosa and Patens groups bloom profusely in MayJune on shoots of the previous year and in July-September on annual shoots. In the groups Viticella, Jackmanii, Integrifolia and Texensis, abundant and prolonged flowering occurs on the shoots of the current year. Life forms determine not only the appearance of plants, but also are a criterion for use in garden and Park construction. Varieties of the Integrifolia group are preferably used for decorating low objects. For vertical gardening of structures with a height of more than three meters and as single and group planting varieties of garden groups are recommended Jackmanii, Lanuginosa, Patens, Viticella. The studied assortment, which has a complex of valuable ornamental and economic-biological features, is recommended for use in ornamental gardening and landscaping in the Stavropol territory.

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