Boric Acid as a Preservative of Milk Samples for Routine Bacteriological Examination

Summary Plate loop counts and standard plate counts on each of several manufacturing grade raw milk samples (handled in cans or in farm bulk tanks) have been compared. On the average, the plate loop count (PLC) was lower than the standard plate count (SPC) regardless of the type of handling of milk on the farm, can or bulk tank. Agreement between the SPC and PLC seemed to depend upon the bacterial-count levels present in milk. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences, at 1% level of probability, between the average bacterial count by SPC and PLC methods regardless of count level (≤100,000/ml or >100,000/ml) in case of can milk samples. On the other hand, in case of farm bulk tank milk samples, no significant differences, at the 1% level of probability, between the average bacterial count by SPC and PLC methods were obtained, when the counts were equal to or less than 100,000 per ml; when the counts exceeded 100,000 per ml, significant differences were present. Since the bacterial counts of manufacturing grade raw milk samples are likely to exceed 100,000/ml, the data presented in this investigation indicate that, until the bacteriological quality of manufacturing grade milk supplies undergoes substantial improvement, the PLC method does not appear to be a suitable substitute for the SPC method for routine bacteriological examination of such milk supplies.

Download Full-text

NATURAL NOCARDIOSIS IN CATTLE: A SURVEY AND PATHOLOGIGIAL STUDY

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v24i2.1173 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 149-168

Author(s):

M. J. ALWAN

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Examination ◽

Pure Culture ◽

Nocardia Asteroides ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Granulomatous Lesions ◽

Nodular Lesions ◽

Gross Examination

This work was done to investigate Nocardiosis in cattle in order to evaluate the incidence of nocardiali mastitis in Al- dejiala station, bacteriological examination was conducted on 90 milk samples obtaited from mastitic cows Nocardia asteroides was found in 25 out of 90 (27. 77% mastitic cows. This M.O was recorered in pure culture in 5. cases and as mixed with other microorganisms in 20 cases . The gross examination of the affected udders showed multiple nodular lesions in firm fibrotic udders, some of them formed draining sinus which exuded pus to the exterior multifocal nodules of varying size were seen in the lungs Microscopic examination of the affected udders revealed pyogranulomatous lesions in different areas of the glandular parenchyma multiple classical granulomatous lesions were also noticed in the lung tissues.

Download Full-text

Use of milk amyloid A in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy ewes

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029913000484 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 496-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Arianna Miglio ◽

Livia Moscati ◽

Gabriele Fruganti ◽

Michela Pela ◽

Eleonora Scoccia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Farm Income ◽

Control Group ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Udder Health ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Dairy Ewes

Subclinical mastitis (SM) is one of the most important diseases affecting dairy ewes worldwide, with negative impact on the animal health, farm income and public health. Animals with SM often remain untreated because the disease may not be revealed. Increase in somatic cell count (SCC) and positive bacteriology for mastitis pathogens in milk samples are indicative of SM but the evidence of only one of these alterations must suggest an uncertain SM (UM). UM is defined when positive bacteriological examination (Latent-SM) or SCC>500 000 cells/ml (non-specific-SM) are detected in milk. Nevertheless, SCC and bacteriological examination are expensive, time consuming and are not yet in use at the farm level in dairy ewes. Recently, a sensitive acute phase protein, amyloid A, displaying multiple isoforms in plasma and different body fluids including mammary secretion (milk amyloid A-MAA), has been investigated as a marker of mastitis in cows and, in a few studies, in sheep. The aim of this trial was to compare the concentration of MAA of single udder-halves in ewes with healthy udder-halves (HU-control group) and naturally occurring subclinical mastitis, both confirmed (SM group) and uncertain (UM groups: Latent-SM and non-specific-SM), for monitoring udder health. The reliability of a specific ELISA kit for the measurement of MAA was also tested. During a 3-month trial period, 153 udder halves were assigned to the experimental groups based on their health status: 25 with SM, 40 with UM (11 with latent-SM and 29 with non-specific-SM) and 88 HU. SCC and bacteriological analysis were performed to establish the control and subclinical mastitis groups. MAA concentrations in milk samples were measured using a specific commercially milk ELISA kit. The data were submitted to statistical analysis. Significant (P<0·05) differences among the groups SM, non-specific-SM and HU were detected with the SM having the highest level and HU the lowest. MAA concentration is affected by the udder health status and is a useful indicator of subclinical mastitis and increased SCC in sheep.

Download Full-text

Note on boric acid in milk samples

The Analyst ◽

10.1039/an899240141b ◽

1899 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 141b ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. G. Clayton

Keyword(s):

Boric Acid ◽

Milk Samples

Download Full-text

Boric Acid As A Selective Bacterio-Static Agent

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400043758 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 446-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Maud Mcv. Blair

Keyword(s):

Boric Acid ◽

Sodium Sulphite ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Fluid Medium ◽

Selective Action ◽

Peptone Water

A fluid medium is described, containing in every 100 c.c. of peptone water 0·25 g. lactose, 0·5 g. boric acid and 1 g. sodium sulphite (anhydrous). It shows a marked selective action.The test gives satisfactory readings within 24 hours of incubating at 37°C. I am of the opinion that all strains capable of growth in this medium may be regarded as of definite sanitary significance; they are most likely of faecal origin, while those which fail to grow are of minor sanitary importance.I hope that the boric sulphite test may prove a useful adjunct to the bacteriological examination of samples of water.

Download Full-text

Outbreak of protothecal mastitis in a herd of dairy cows in Poland

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/bvip-2013-0058 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 335-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Władysław Wawron ◽

Mariola Bochniarz ◽

Tomasz Piech ◽

Wojciech Łopuszyński ◽

Jerzy Wysocki

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Milk Samples ◽

The North ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Pure Cultures ◽

Acute Form ◽

Loss Of Appetite

Abstract The study was carried out in a herd of 280 dairy cows in the North-Eastern part of Poland in the summer of 2011. During the period of 5-6 months before the study, mastitis cases resistant to routine antibiotic therapy were observed in this herd. Bacteriological examination of 280 milk samples collected from 70 cows with clinical or subclinical forms of mastitis was performed. Diagnosis of mastitis was made on the basis of anamnesis, clinical examination of the udder, macroscopic evaluation of secretion, California mastitis test (CMT), and results of bacteriological examination of milk. Protothecal mastitis was detected in 34 cows (12.6% of all cows in the herd). Algae belonging to Prototheca zopfii were isolated from 27 milk samples in pure cultures; in the remaining seven samples, mixed infections were identified (P. zopfii and Staphylococcus sp.). The acute form accompanied by elevated body temperature (40 C), pain and hot oedema of the udder, loss of appetite, and reluctance to move were observed in two cows immediately after delivery. The similar symptoms were also noted in three cows with mixed infections. The chronic form of protothecal mastitis was characterised by pasty oedema in the udder of slight painfulness and hard tissue consistency, as well as markedly reduced milk secretion. The macro- and microscopic changes in the mammary tissue was indicative of chronic, fusing microgranulomatous interstitial mastitis protothecosa.

Download Full-text

STUDIES OF NOCARDIOSIS IN CATTLE 1 - ISOLATION OF NORCARIDA ASTEROIDES FROML MASTITIS IN CATTLE

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v21i1.1250 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 112-127

Author(s):

MJ. Alwan ◽

A.S. Al~Abaitii ◽

S.Sh. Barhoom

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Milk Samples ◽

White Good

A six months survey (2-8/1994) was canied out to determine norcaiidal mastitis in cattle in certain dairy herds. A total 126 milk samples collected from mastitic‘ cows and milk tank. Of which 10 from Al-Khalis station, 15 from A1-Wahda station, 6 from White Good village, 90 from Al-Dejaila station and 5 fromMilktauk. Examination of the samples result in isolation of Norcaitlia asteroides from Al-Dejaila station. The results explained that 25 animals were positive for norcaridal infection with prevalence of 20.8 % of these 25 cases, 5 cases, in pure cultural and 20 cases, mixed with other organisms. Bacteriological examination of mill: tank also resulted in positive for norcaridial isolates. Metastasis to the lung and supramammary lymph node was demonstrated. The results also explained that norcardial isolates from mastitic cows were more virulent to guinea pigs, andthis study revealed that norcardial infection are not rare in cattle.

Download Full-text

Does Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infection in Goats Predispose to Bacterial Infection of the Mammary Gland? A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1851

Author(s):

Daria Urbańska ◽

Ryszard Puchała ◽

Justyna Jarczak ◽

Michał Czopowicz ◽

Jarosław Kaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Small Ruminant ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Preliminary Study

The aim of this study was to determine whether asymptomatic small ruminant lentivirus seropositive (SRLV-SP) goats were more susceptible to bacterial infection of the udder when lactating by comparing the presence and species of pathogenic bacteria in their milk with the values for seronegative goats (SRLV-SN). Milk samples were collected during morning milking on days 20, 40, 60, 150, and 210 of lactation for three consecutive years and subjected to bacteriological examination. Staphylococcus caprae and S. xylosus were the most frequent strains identified in both SRLV-SP and SRLV-SN goats. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria was the highest in the 1st lactation, regardless of SRLV status. Moreover, the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria was significantly higher in SRLV-SP goats, but only those in the 5th or further lactation (p = 0.010). This suggests a relationship between long-lasting SRLV infection and susceptibility to bacterial infections of the udder.

Download Full-text

Streptococci and Leucocytes in Milk. I

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400002771 ◽

1906 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 123-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

William G. Savage

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Milk Samples ◽

The Past ◽

Fresh Milk ◽

The Subject ◽

Almost All ◽

Work Done

The undoubted fact that milk may act as a vehicle for the transmission of a number of diseases has directed considerable attention to the Bacteriological and Public Health aspects of milk. Yet it cannot be said, tuberculosis excepted, that the bacteriological examination of milk has afforded in the past much assistance in the prevention of disease, while only very occasionally has a subsequent examination served to elucidate the cause and origin of a milk-spread epidemic. A survey of the literature of the subject will show that although extensive work has been carried out upon the bacteriology of milk, the subject is so large and many-sided that what is known is but an insignificant proportion of what requires to be ascertained. A great deal of the work done has been in relation to tuberculosis. Almost all the milk examinations have been carried out with mixed milk samples, and not with quite fresh milk from individual cows.

Download Full-text