‘Pragmatic weight’ and face: pronominal presence and the case of the Spanish second person singular subject pronoun tú

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Second Person ◽  
Subject Pronoun

scholarly journals Los clíticos de segunda persona de plural en las lenguas romances de la Península Ibérica

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Víctor Lara Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Plural Subject ◽  
Península Ibérica

AbstractThe Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula possess a second person plural subject pronoun that induces verb and pronoun agreement in 2pl. While standard Catalan chooses us/vos as unstressed pronouns, Portuguese selects vos and Spanish, os. Nevertheless, the data taken from linguistic atlases of the 20th century point out the great quantity of 2pl allomorphs in unstressed pronouns: tos, sos, sus, los and se. In this article, I aim to account for the linguistic geography of 2pl allomorphs and their possible linguistic factors.

scholarly journals Nominal suffixes as markers of information structure in Basketo

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Inui
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Function ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Pragmatic Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Zero Anaphora ◽  
Subject Pronoun

This paper deals with the information function of two nominal suffixes, -i appearing in all nouns, and -n- in first- and second-person pronouns in Basketo, a North Omotic language predominantly spoken in the Basketo Special Woreda in Ethiopia. The suffix -i is often described as nominative. However, object nouns without definite marker can be marked by -i, and as a result -i can appear in both subject and object in the same sentence. We analyze morpheme -i as a marker of specificity. Suffix -n- distinguishes short and long forms of the first- and second-person subject pronoun. The short form is the same as the possessive. In general, the possessive does not bear any pragmatic information in discourse. Therefore, short pronouns also show no pragmatic function, but show what is subject or agent in a clause. On the other hand, long pronouns are morphologically and pragmatically marked. We analyze morpheme -n- as the foregrounded topic in discourse in contrast with zero anaphora.

scholarly journals Analysis of Deixis in the Subtitle Movie of “First Kiss”

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Tira Nur Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Second Person ◽  
The Third ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Plural Subject ◽  
The Third Person

The objective of this research is to analyze the type and its examples of deixis found in the subtitle movie of “First Kiss”. This research method of this method is qualitative methodology. In data collection, the research use document analysis in this research. The result of this research shows that three types of deixis found in the subtitle movie of “First Kiss” movie such as a person, time, and place deixis. In-person deixis, the deictic expressions are the personal pronoun “I” as a singular subject pronoun, ‘Me” as singular object pronoun, “My” as a possessive adjective, “We” as a plural subject pronoun, “Us” as object pronoun, “Our” as a possessive adjective. In the second person, they are “You” as a subject and object pronoun, and “Your” as an object pronoun. The third person “He” as a subject pronoun, “Him” as object pronoun, and “His” as a possessive adjective, ‘She” as a subject pronoun, “Her” as object pronoun and as possessive adjective, “It” as subject and object pronoun. In space/spatial/place deixis, the deictic expressions are “here” and “there”. While in the temporal/time deixis, the deictic expressions are “now” and “tomorrow”.

scholarly journals Priming as a Diagnostic of Grammatical Constructions: Second-Person Singular in Chilean Spanish

Languages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Matthew Callaghan ◽  
Catherine E. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Metalinguistic Awareness ◽  
Structural Priming ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Chilean Spanish ◽  
Measure Of Association

Structural priming has been described as a measure of association between constructions. Here, we apply priming as a diagnostic to assess the status of the Chilean second-person singular (2sg) voseo, which exists in variation with the more standard tuteo. Despite being the majority variant in informal interactions, Chileans are reported to have little metalinguistic awareness of voseo and they avoid the vos pronoun, in some cases using the tú pronoun with voseo verb forms, leading to proposals that tuteo and voseo are conflated into a single mixed form. The patterning for priming, however, indicates otherwise. Analyses of some 2000 2sg familiar tokens from a corpus of conversational Chilean Spanish reveal that a previous tuteo or voseo favors the repetition of that same form, indicating that speakers do treat these forms as distinct. We also observe that invariable forms with historically tuteo morphology are associated with neither voseo nor tuteo, while the invariable voseo discourse marker cachái ‘you know’ retains a weak association with voseo. Furthermore, while tuteo is favored with a tú subject pronoun, this effect does not override the priming effect, evidence that, even with a tú pronoun, voseo and tuteo are distinct constructions in speakers’ representations.

A Study of Some Features of the Imperative in Middle Indo-Aryan

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
L. A. Schwarzschild
Keyword(s):  
Real Function ◽  
Conjugation System ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The Future ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
The Subject

The imperative occupies A unique position in the conjugation system. In its real function it implies the presence of a speaker issuing a command to one or more listeners, or making an order referring to a third person or persons. This means that the conjugation tends to be defective. Because of its immediate association with the speaker the imperative is generally linked with the present tense, but through its meaning it is also associated with the future tense. The uncertainty of whether a command will be carried out links the imperative with the subjunctive, while the idea of volition brings it close to the optative. These special features and varying associations make the history of the imperative extremely complex in Middle Indo-Aryan as in other languages. An attempt is made here to study two aspects of this history: the use of the subject pronoun with the imperative, and the distribution of the forms of the second person singular of the imperative. Other features of the imperative, in particular its relation to the passive, will be discussed later.

Discourse objectivization, social variation and style of Spanish second-person singular tú

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Serrano ◽  
Miguel Ángel Aijón Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Social Identities ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Professional Affiliation ◽  
Social Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This investigation aims to uncover the variation of the Spanish second-person singular subject pronoun tú ‘you.sg’ when it displaces its content away from the particular circumstances of the speaker and changes its deictic meaning to a resource for the objectivization of the utterance. The multiple repercussions of the formal variation (expression and omission) of this subject on internal and external levels of meaning will be explored. Essential to understanding this case of variation is the consideration of prominent features of the communicative situation, as well as the social identities and roles assumed by the speakers within it (including professional affiliation, transactional vs. interpersonal communicative stance and gender). The results of the analysis allow us to sketch basic interactional and discursive tendencies governing objectivizing uses of the second-person singular tú along the oral-written continuum

scholarly journals In Search of the Trigger: Literary and Non-literary Texts as Examples of Different Aspects of Russian Referential Evolution

Slovene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-243
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. Budennaya
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Subject Pronouns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
German Cities ◽  
The Third Person

The article deals with the diachronic path of Russian pronoun expansion, which affected the period of the 11th–17th centuries: paki li Øpro soromit Øpro sebe svobodna > jesli on osramit — ona svobodna ‘if he rapes [the slave], she is freed’ (the treaty of 1191–1192 between Novgorod, Gotland, and the German Cities, and its modern translation). The initial trigger of this phenomenon is often attributed to the realm of the third person since the third-person auxiliary was lost first and the third-person subject pronoun massively expanded earlier than the first- and second-person subject pronouns. Nevertheless, one cannot argue that the latter was caused by the former, since the new subject pronouns did not only replace the old auxiliary forms but were also detected in finite verbal clauses where no auxiliaries were ever used. To explore what exactly caused the expansion of pronouns and how this expansion took place in different types of clauses, a diachronic analysis of finite clauses with reduced subject reference was conducted, with a special focus on the type of the predicate. Within the analysis, the referential data of three different Old Russian registers—informal, official and literary—were examined and compared to each other. The results support the hypothesis of copula drop as a trigger for the expansion of pronouns and demonstrate that several intermediate stages of this process can be detected in official and literary texts, where the course of evolution was slower. Thus, only official texts allow us to discover the earlier stage of new referential pronouns substituting former verbal copulas, and only in literary works can we find the transitional elliptical pattern without pronouns or copulas, which existed before the new pronominal pattern.

scholarly journals Verbs of Command and the Status of Their Embedded Complements in Chinese

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Chak-Lam Colum Yip
Keyword(s):  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Person Pronoun ◽  
The Status ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Subject Pronoun

AbstractThis paper argues against Yue’s (1999) view that complements to verbs of commands (jiao ‘to ask/to tell,’ qing ‘to request,’ quan ‘to persuade,’ etc.) are embedded imperatives with a covert [+second person] subject pronoun. Evidence against the embedded imperative analysis include the presence of partial control, the absence of blocking effect in long-distance binding, the incompatibility between these complement clauses and the polite imperative marker qing, and the fact that Yue’s proposed covert [+second person] pronoun cannot be made overt. Since verbs of commands participate in object control, the present proposal agrees with Zhu’s (1982) treatment of verbs of command as pivotal verbs. Finally, complement clauses of verbs of command are not embedded imperatives as bie can also appear with third person subjects, which shows that the negator does not mark imperative but irrealis and deontic modality. Hence, its presence in complements of verbs of command does not lead to an embedded imperative analysis.

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