Development of instrument for measurement of fuel–air ratio in vicinity of spark plug: application to DI gasoline engine

JSAE Review ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Development Of Instrument

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of ethanol addition on performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402094335
Author(s):  
Hasan Köten ◽  
Yasin Karagöz ◽  
Özgün Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
Total Hydrocarbons ◽  
Three Way Catalyst ◽  
Different Levels

In this study, a four-stroke, naturally aspirated, single-cylinder, spark ignition engine was operated with neat gasoline fuel. In-cylinder pressure, performance, and emission values were obtained at full load and 2400-r/min constant engine speed. Using these values, a single-dimensional theoretical model was calibrated. A Kistler spark plug–type pressure sensor was used to obtain in-cylinder pressure. After validation of this single-dimensional theoretical model obtained by the help of a commercial engine analysis software (AVL-Boost), different levels of ethanol addition (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) into gasoline were analyzed and compared with neat gasoline fueled conditions. According to obtained results, NO x emissions increased with incremental amount of ethanol. The CO and total hydrocarbons emissions decreased; however, they can be controlled using after-treatment systems such as three-way catalyst.

scholarly journals PERFORMA MESIN MOTOR BERBAHAN BAKAR ETANOL DENGAN PERUBAHAN KAPASITAS MESIN DAN 2 BUSI

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Majedi ◽  
Fredy Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Ethanol Fuel ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Engine Capacity

ABSTRACTPetroleum reserves are running low. To solve this problem by optimizing the use of petroleum products, used ethanol for gasoline replacement. The motor is modified so that the use of ethanol as a substitute for gasoline can be done. This study aims to see the engine performance with changes in engine capacity and the use of 2 spark plugs. This research method is to modify engine capacity from 113,7 cc to 100,45 cc and use 2 spark plugs. Performance testing of 95% ethanol fuel modification engine with Dynometer test machine, to determine power, torque and fuel consumption. Performance modification of gasoline engine and 1 spark plug is also tested, then compared. The results showed that the power in the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with ethanol fuel 95% smaller 7.3% compared to the power on the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with fuel pertalite. Torque on the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with ethanol fuel 95% smaller 7.5% compared to torque on the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with fuel pertalite. Fuel consumption on 100.45 cc engine fueled ethanol 95% larger 43.6% compared to fuel consumption in the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with fuel pertalite.Keywords : Engine capacity, 2 spark plugs, ethanol, Power, torque.ABSTRAKCadangan minyak bumi mulai menipis. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan produk minyak bumi, digunakan etanol untuk pengganti bensin. Motor dimodifikasi agar penggunaan etanol sebagai pengganti bensin dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat performa mesin dengan perubahan kapasitas mesin dan penggunaan 2 busi. Metode penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi kapasitas mesin dari 113,7 cc menjadi 100,45 cc dan menggunakan 2 busi. Pengujian kinerja mesin modifikasi bahan bakar etanol 95% dengan mesin uji Dynometer, untuk menentukan daya, torsi dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Performa modifikasi mesin bahan bakar bensin dan 1 busi juga diuji, kemudian dibandingkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Daya pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar etanol 95% lebih kecil 7,3% dibandingkan pada daya pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar pertalite. Torsi pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar etanol 95% lebih kecil 7,5% dibandingkan torsi pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar pertalite. Konsumsi bahan bakar pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc berbahan bakar etanol 95% lebih besar 43,6% dibandingkan konsumsi bahan bakar pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar pertalite.Kata kunci : Kapasitas mesin, 2 busi, etanol, Daya, torsi.

Investigation of the Flow Velocity in the Spark Plug Gap of a Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine using Laser-Doppler-Anemometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Bertsch ◽  
Kai Schreer ◽  
Christian Disch ◽  
Kai W. Beck ◽  
Ulrich Spicher
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Spark Plug

scholarly journals Analysis of mixture formation process in a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 927-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Stratification ◽  
Mixture Preparation ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Flow Motion ◽  
Direct Injection Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cylinder Flow

The two-stroke engine has the great potential for aggressive engine downsizing and downspeeding because of its double firing frequency. For a given torque, it is characterized with a lower mean effective pressure and lower peak in-cylinder pressure than a four-stroke counterpart. In order to explore the potential of two-stroke cycle while avoiding the drawbacks of conventional ported two-stroke engines, a novel two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine was proposed and designed. In order to achieve the stable lean-burn combustion in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine, the mixture preparation, especially the fuel stratification around the spark plug, should be accurately controlled. As the angled intake scavenge ports produce strong swirl flow motion and complex transfer between the swirl and tumble flows in the two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine, the interaction between the in-cylinder flow motions and the direct injection and its impact on the charge preparation in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine are investigated in this study by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. Both the single injection and split injections are applied and their impact on the mixture formation process is investigated. The start of injection timing and split injection ratio are adjusted accordingly to optimize the charge preparation for each injection strategy. The results show that the strong interaction between the fuel injection and in-cylinder flow motions dominates the mixture preparation in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine. Compared to the single injection, the split injection shows less impact on the large-scale flow motions. Good fuel stratification around the spark plug was obtained by the late start of injection timings at 300 °CA/320 °CA with an equal amount in each injection. However, when a higher tumble flow motion is produced by the eight scavenge ports’ design, a better fuel charge stratification can be achieved with the later single injection at start of injection of 320 °CA.

scholarly journals Effect of Side Gapping Spark Plug on Engine Performance and Emission

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6145-6148
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Emission Effect

Gasoline ignition system in automobiles is still one of the world's main fuel consumption today. The spark plug is one of the key features of a gasoline engine during the combustion process. The incompatibility between the width of the plug and the combustion engine fuel used causes a backfire and a knock. The spark plug gap had therefore been investigated in order to improve the engine's performance by controlling the combustion process. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of side gapping spark plug engine performance and emission. The selected type of spark plug being used for this study is cooper spark plug. This study has examined the parameters of side gapping spark plug gap (0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm) and of revolution per minutes RPM (1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000rpm, 3500 rpm, 4000 rpm, 4500 rpm and 5000 rpm) also the emission effect in term of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and oxygen (O2 ). In this test, performance and power are showed an increment of side gapping spark plug. Other than that, this study is also showed positive results where the reduction in the percentage of opacity is demonstrated. Since the result has obtained for engine performance and emission showed positive outcome, this study can be used in future and highly recommended for continue with different type of spark plug.

Effects of the injection timing on knock and combustion characteristics in dual-fuel dual-injection engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 2578-2591
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Changwen Liu ◽  
Rui Kang ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Haiqiao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Spark Timing

To utilize ethanol fuel in spark ignition engines more efficiently and flexibly, a new ethanol/gasoline dual-direct injection concept in gasoline engine is proposed. Therefore, based on the dual-fuel dual-direct injection system, the effects of different injection timings and two injector positions on the characteristics of combustion were studied comprehensively, and the effects of different octane numbers and temperature stratifications on knock and combustion were explored. The results show that as for Position A (ethanol injecting toward spark plug), with the delay of injection timing, knock tendency and its intensity increase initially and then decrease due to the comprehensive effect of ethanol evaporation and fuel stratification; on the contrary, for Position B (ethanol injecting toward end-gas region), retarding the injection timing of ethanol can effectively reduce the knock propensity. As for the engine performance, a dual-direct injection performs best, especially the retarded injection timing of ethanol for Position A. It can be found that with the delay of the fuel injection timing, the torque first increases and then decreases. The brake-specific fuel consumption decreases initially and then increases at maximum brake torque spark timing.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics on Opposed Piston Two-Stroke Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2105
Author(s):  
Fukang Ma ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Junfeng Xu ◽  
Yufeng Li ◽  
Zhenfeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Piston Motion ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Scavenging Efficiency

The combustion characteristics of an opposed-piston two-stroke gasoline engine are investigated with experiment. The energy conversion and exergy destruction are analyzed and the organization method of the combustion process is summarized. The effects of phase difference, scavenging pressure, injection timing, ignition timing, and dual spark plug ignition scheme on the combustion process and engine performance are discussed, respectively. The heat release rate of the opposed-piston two-stroke gasoline engine is consistent with the conventional gasoline engine. With the increase of opposed-piston motion phase difference, the scavenging efficiency decreases and overmuch residual exhaust gas is not beneficial to the combustion process. Meanwhile, the faster relative velocity of the opposed-piston near the inner dead center enhances the cylinder working volume change rate, which leads to the rapid decline of in-cylinder pressure and temperature. The 15 °CA of opposed-piston motion phase difference improves the scavenging and combustion process effectively. When scavenging pressure is 0.12 MPa, the scavenging efficiency and heat release rate are improved at medium-high speed conditions. With the delay of injection timing, the flame developing period decreases gradually, and the rapid burning period decreases and then increases. The rapid burning period may reach the minimum value when the injection advance angle is 100 °CA. With the delay of ignition timing, the flame developing period increases gradually, and the rapid combustion period decreases and then increases. The rapid combustion period may reach the minimum value when the ignition advance angle is 20 °CA. Notably, the flat-top piston structure should be matched with the dual spark plug, which the ignition advance angle is 20 °CA at medium-high load conditions.

Effect of piston shape design on the scavenging performance and mixture preparation in a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808741990007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Shape Design ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Stoichiometric Mixture ◽  
Split Injection ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Direct Injection Gasoline Engine ◽  
Stroke Engine ◽  
Injection Strategies

Compared to a four-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine doubles firing frequency and has favourable power-to-weight or power-to-volume ratio as well as engine downsizing to improve the overall powertrain fuel economy. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional cross-flow or loop scavenged two-stroke engines, a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine was designed and its performance was analysed. In this study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to understand the impact of the piston shape design on the scavenging process, in-cylinder flow formation, turbulence level and subsequent fuel/air mixing process in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine. Both single injection and split injection strategies were investigated to study the interactions between piston designs and fuel injection strategies to achieve stoichiometric mixture around the spark plug. The results show that the optimised piston with the same opening timing for all scavenge ports could achieve much better scavenging performance than the baseline piston design. In particular, the shallow pistons, that is, Piston #1 and Piston #4, could produce stoichiometric mixture around the spark plug with relatively lower inhomogeneity and higher turbulence kinetic energy around top dead centre when implementing the split injection strategy with start of injection timing at 250/310 °CA.

Infrared absorption technique for measuring local fuel concentration near the spark plug of a port injection gasoline engine

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
A Kakuho ◽  
Y Hashizume ◽  
T Urushihara ◽  
T Itoh ◽  
T Mansion
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Mixture Distribution ◽  
Homogeneous Mixture ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Transient Condition ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Mixture Concentration ◽  
Fibre Sensor

The mixture concentration in the vicinity of the spark plug at the time of spark ignition is a critical parameter for the performance of SI engines. Infrared absorption is often used to measure this parameter in firing cycles. Although it is well known that the mixture concentration near the spark plug is a primary factor explaining combustion stability in direct injection engines, the effect of the local mixture concentration has not been confirmed for nearly homogeneous mixtures. In this research, the mixture concentration in the vicinity of the spark plug was measured quantitatively using infrared absorption with an optical fibre sensor built into the spark plug of a port injection engine. Measurements were made across a range of air—fuel ratios for both steady state conditions at three different overall air—fuel ratios and for a rich-to-lean transient condition. It was experimentally confirmed that the mixture concentration near the spark plug has little impact on combustion stability for steady state operation with a homogeneous mixture distribution. It has also been confirmed that fibre-sensor-based infrared absorption can be used for cycle-by-cycle analysis of the local mixture concentration even for a homogeneous mixture distribution.

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