Epidemiology of behavioral dependence: literature review and results of original studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lejoyeux ◽  
M. Mc Loughlin ◽  
J. Adès
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryThe extension of the definition of dependence leads to the consideration of some impulsive disorders as a form of dependence disorder. This pathological condition is characterized by the repetitive occurrence of impulsive and uncontrolled behaviors. Other clinical characteristics are failure to resist an impulse, drive or temptation to perform some act harmful to oneself and/or others, an increasing sense of tension or excitement before acting out, and a sense of pleasure, gratification or release at the time of the behavior or shortly thereafter. Behavioral dependences most often described are pathological gambling, kleptomania, trichotillomania and compulsive buying.Studies using a specific assessment scale, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, distinguished problem gambling from pathological gambling. Social gamblers spend 5% of their money and pathological gamblers 14 to 45%. Prevalence of ‘problem gambling’ is 4% and pathological gambling 2%. Several studies have suggested that the incidence of pathological gambling is eight to ten times greater in alcohol-dependent patients than in the general population.No systematic study has assessed the prevalence of kleptomania. Data come from case reports. Among subjects arrested after a theft, prevalence of kleptomania varied between 0 and 24%. Trichotillomania prevalence rate is 0.6% among students. Studies using less restrictive diagnostic criteria found a prevalence rate of 3.4% in women and 1.5% in men. The disorder is often unrecognized; 40% of the cases are not diagnosed and 58% of the patients have never been treated.Prevalence studies of compulsive buying found a rate between 1 and 6% in the general population. Compulsive buying is significantly more frequent among women (90% of the cases). Study of family history of compulsive buyers showed a high frequency of alcohol-dependence disorder (20%) and depression (18%). In all cases of behavioral dependence disorders, a high level of impulsivity and sensation-seeking could determine an increased risk.

Treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with CHD

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Alyson R. Pierick ◽  
Melodie Lynn ◽  
Courtney M. McCracken ◽  
Matthew E. Oster ◽  
Glen J. Iannucci
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Supraventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction: The prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the general population is common and is now diagnosed in 4%–12% of children. Children with CHD have been shown to be at increased risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Case reports have led to concern regarding the use of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications in children with underlying CHD. We hypothesised that medical therapy for patients with CHD and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is safe. Methods: A single-centre, retrospective chart review was performed evaluating for adverse events in patients aged 4–21 years with CHD who received attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder therapy over a 5-year span. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of CHD and concomitant medical therapy with amphetamines, methylphenidate, or atomoxetine. Patients with trivial or spontaneously resolved CHD were excluded from analysis. Results: In 831 patients with CHD who received stimulants with a mean age of 12.9 years, there was only one adverse cardiovascular event identified. Using sensitivity analysis, our median follow-up time was 686 days and a prevalence rate of 0.21% of adverse events. This episode consisted of increased frequency of supraventricular tachycardia in a patient who had this condition prior to initiation of medical therapy; the condition improved with discontinuation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder therapy. Conclusion: The incidence of significant adverse cardiovascular events in our population was similar to the prevalence of supraventricular tachycardia in the general population. Our single-centre experience demonstrated no increased risk in adverse events related to medical therapy for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and underlying CHD. Further population-based studies are indicated to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Increased risk of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders: A population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chia Chien ◽  
Ching-Heng Lin
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Secondary Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Objective This study examined the prevalence and incidence of hyperlipidemia among patients with anxiety disorders in Taiwan. Methods We used a large dataset containing random samples, and more than 766,000 subjects who were aged 18 years or older in 2005 were identified. Subjects who had more than one primary or secondary diagnosis of anxiety disorders were identified. Individuals who had a primary or secondary diagnosis of hyperlipidemia or medication treatment for hyperlipidemia were also identified. The prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders with that of the general population in 2005 was compared. We then followed this cohort to monitor incident cases of hyperlipidemia in anxiety patients, and assessed whether a difference existed from the general population during the period 2006–2010. Results A higher prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders was observed as compared with the general population (21.3% vs. 7.6%, odds ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–2.22) in 2005. Additionally, a higher average annual incidence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders was also found as compared with the general population (5.49% vs. 2.50%, risk ratio 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.58–1.70) from 2006 to 2010. Conclusions Patients with anxiety disorders had higher prevalence and incidence rates of hyperlipidemia than the general population. Risk factors that were found to be associated with the higher incidence rate of hyperlipidemia among anxiety patients included a greater age, the female gender, and the presence of diabetes and hypertension.

scholarly journals Romanian National Prevalence Study – problem and pathological gambling in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Lupu ◽  
Izabela Ramona Lupu
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Gamblers Anonymous ◽  
National Prevalence

Background and Aims. The purpose of the present study was to measure the prevalence of problem and pathological gambling in children and adolescents at a national level, given that previous studies at regional level  had demonstrated high rates of prevalence.Methods. After designing the sample (2006 children and adolescents aged 11-19 years) we used two validated instruments for measuring the prevalence of problem and pathological gambling in children and adolescents – South Oaks Gambling Screen –Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA) and 20 Questions of Gamblers Anonymous Revised for Adolescents (20 GA-RA).Results. The following data have been found: gambling at risk is 7.1% and problem and pathological gambling is 4%, when results were analyzed by SOGS-RA; prevalence of problem gambling is 10.1% and pathological gambling is 2.6% when results were analyzed by 20 GA-RA.Conclusions. High rates of prevalence are noticed in Romania, similar to other European countries. This rates are based on self-reported questionnaires, meaning that real rates may be higher than reported, being known that children and adolescents tend to give socially expected response. An important issue is that we found pathological gambling at  the age of only 11 years. Our results compared to those of other studies from Romania are very similar to those from other European countries. 

Gambling and Problem Gambling Within Forensic Populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Williams ◽  
Jennifer Royston ◽  
Brad F. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Criminal Offenders ◽  
Specialized Treatment ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Problem Or Pathological Gambling ◽  
Do So

A review of problem gambling in forensic populations suggests that one third of criminal offenders meet criteria for problem or pathological gambling. This is the highest rate yet found in any population. Approximately 50% of crime by incarcerated problem and pathological gamblers is reportedly committed to support gambling. The prevalence of gambling within correctional facilities (40%) appears lower than in the general population. However, inmates who do gamble tend to do so regularly, and problem and pathological gamblers are disproportionately represented among this group. Inmate screening for problem gambling and provision of specialized treatment are currently lacking in most correctional facilities. In addition to more screening and treatment, there needs to be greater vigilance in detecting gambling and enforcing its prohibition.

scholarly journals The Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis Receiving Systemic Treatments

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Paolo Gisondi ◽  
Francesco Bellinato ◽  
Andrea Chiricozzi ◽  
Giampiero Girolomoni
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Plaque Psoriasis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Metabolic Comorbidities

Chronic plaque psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease affecting 2–3% of the general population. Approximately one-third of patients are candidates for systemic immunosuppressive treatments, such as synthetic or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, because of disease extensions, localization in sensitive or visible areas and/or resistance to topical treatments. These therapies have been associated with increased risk of infection, including upper respiratory tract viral infection. Psoriasis is frequently associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities, such as obesity and diabetes, that are risk factors for poor prognosis in the case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. A narrative review of the literature based on an electronic search of the PubMed® database was undertaken with the objective of investigating whether there is an increased risk of COVID-19 infection in psoriasis patients on systemic treatment. Original articles, such as case reports, published up to 1 November 2020 were included. There is no evidence that patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis receiving systemic treatments, including biologics, have higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or increased hospitalization and death related to COVID-19 compared to the general population. Several case reports described full recovery from COVID-19 with favorable outcomes in psoriasis patients who were being treated with synthetics or biologicals. Nonetheless, caution should be maintained in this setting, and more data are needed to draw definitive conclusions.

scholarly journals Effect of a New Casino on Problem Gambling in Treatment-Seeking Substance Abusers

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Toneatto ◽  
Donna Ferguson ◽  
Judy Brennan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Risk Population

Problem gambling rates are frequently found to be higher in those who abuse substances than in the general population, and this group represents a well-established high-risk population for developing the disorder. In this study of 853 residential substance abusers, approximately 10% scored in the problem gambling range on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). On most descriptive variables, these subjects appeared to be similar to substance abusers who do not have gambling problems. However, they tended to participate in more gambling behaviours and had more relationships with individuals who also gambled. There is some evidence that the introduction of a new casino in the community increased the SOGS scores for subjects who gambled most frequently on such casinorelated gaming as slot machines, cards, and casino games.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of SOGS-RA in the Polish Version

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Jolanta Jarczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
School Year ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Polish Adaptation ◽  
Trial Participants

Objective: The objective was to  adapt the American pathological gambling screening tool /SOGS-RA The South Oaks Gambling Screen - Revised for Adolescent/ by K. Winters, R. Stinchfield and J. Fulkerson (1993) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Method: The adapted tool was used in research on a randomly selected sample of 2,617 adolescents aged 13-20 years in the 2012/2013 school year. Results: On the SOGS-RA scale, 2.6% of the trial participants achieved a score indicating past year problem gambling before the survey, 4.1% were classified as problem gamblers, whereas 17.3% of adolescents engaged in social gambling that did not pose a problem gambling risk at the time. The SOGS-RA demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78). Conclusions: The Polish adaptation of the SOGS-RA scale is reliable and accurate, which is why it is worth recommending it for use in further research on Polish adolescents.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Problem Gambling Among Women Using Shelter and Drop-in Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora I. Matheson ◽  
Parisa Dastoori ◽  
Tara Hahmann ◽  
Julia Woodhall-Melnik ◽  
Sara J. T. Guilcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Problematic Gambling

AbstractPeople experiencing poverty/homelessness have higher rates of problematic gambling than the general population. Yet, research on gambling among this population is sparse, notably among women. This study examined prevalence of problematic gambling among women using shelter and drop-in services in Ontario, Canada. The NORC Diagnostic Screen for Disorders was administered to women during visits to 15 sites using time/location methodology. Within a sample of 162 women, the prevalence of at-risk (6.2%), problem (9.3%), and pathological gambling (19.1%) was higher than the general population. Among women who scored at-risk or higher, 55.4% met criteria for pathological gambling. The findings suggest that women seeking shelter and drop-in services are vulnerable to problematic gambling. Creating awareness of this vulnerability within the shelter and drop-in service sector is an important first step to support women with gambling problems who face financial and housing precarity.

Bowel ischaemia after endovascular aneurysm repair

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Christopher Lowe ◽  
Oussama El Bakbachi ◽  
Damian Kelleher ◽  
Imran Asghar ◽  
Francesco Torella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Bowel Ischaemia ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Aneurysm Repair

Abstract. The aim of this review was to investigate presentation, aetiology, management, and outcomes of bowel ischaemia following EVAR. We present a case report and searched electronic bibliographic databases to identify published reports of bowel ischaemia following elective infra-renal EVAR not involving hypogastric artery coverage or iliac branch devices. We conducted our review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement standards. In total, five cohort studies and three case reports were included. These studies detailed some 6,184 infra-renal elective EVARs, without procedure-related occlusion of the hypogastric arteries, performed between 1996 and 2014. Bowel ischaemia in this setting is uncommon with an incidence ranging from 0.5 to 2.8 % and includes a spectrum of severity from mucosal to transmural ischaemia. Due to varying reporting standards, an overall proportion of patients requiring bowel resection could not be ascertained. In the larger series, mortality ranged from 35 to 80 %. Atheroembolization, hypotension, and inferior mesenteric artery occlusion were reported as potential causative factors. Elderly patients and those undergoing prolonged procedures appear at higher risk. Bowel ischaemia is a rare but potentially devastating complication following elective infra-renal EVAR and can occur in the setting of patent mesenteric vessels and hypogastric arteries. Mortality ranges from 35 to 80 %. Further research is required to identify risk factors and establish prophylactic measures in patients that have an increased risk of developing bowel ischaemia after standard infra-renal EVAR.

CLINICAL CHALLENGES FOR ANESTHESIOLOGIST FACING PATIENT WITH ACROMEGALY. CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Jūratė Gudaitytė ◽  
Justina Jermolajevaitė ◽  
Martynas Judickas
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
General Population ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fluid Regulation ◽  
Class Iv

Background and objectives: Acromegaly is endocri­nal disorder which results in changes involving ge­neral appearance as well as upper airway abnorma­lities, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders which can aggravate the anesthesia and can lead to compli­cations. We aim to discuss the challenges for anesthe­siologist that occurs facing patient with acromegaly and are necessary to investigate before performing any kind of intervention. Case Presentation: 79 years old male patient presen­ted the hospital with recently diagnosed acromegaly for rectal prolapse surgery. From anamnesis he had NYHAIII with cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension, also multiple old compressive fractures Th10 – L5. He was graded with Mallam­pati score IV and ASA class IV. The complemen­tary examinations were made to assess the possible complications. In induction of general anesthesia the intubation was performed using fibro- bronchoscope and anesthesia went without complications except hypotension which was managed. After surgery the patient was leaded to the postoperative room for furt­her monitoring. Discussion and Conclusion: Acromegalic patients have an increased risk of difficulty during anesthe­sia compared to general population due to difficult intubation, cardiovascular complications , OSA , alte­ration in intraoperative glucose intolerance and fluid regulation. Therefore profound investigation and as­sessment are necessary to predict and prepare for possible difficulties in the surgery room.

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