P.6.d.013 Self-reported impulsivity and gambling decision-making but not delay discounting covary with changing cocaine use across one year

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S618-S619
Author(s):  
L. Hulka ◽  
M. Vonmoos ◽  
K. Preller ◽  
E. Seifritz ◽  
A. Gamma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Changes in cocaine consumption are associated with fluctuations in self-reported impulsivity and gambling decision-making

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (14) ◽  
pp. 3097-3110 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Hulka ◽  
M. Vonmoos ◽  
K. H. Preller ◽  
M. R. Baumgartner ◽  
E. Seifritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity ◽  
Cocaine Users

Background.In cross-sectional studies, cocaine users generally display elevated levels of self-reported and cognitive impulsivity. To what extent these impairments are stable v. variable markers of cocaine use disorder, and, thus, are pre-existing or drug-induced, has not yet been systematically investigated.Method.We conducted a longitudinal study with cocaine users who changed or maintained their consumption intensity, measuring self-reported impulsivity with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and cognitive impulsivity with the Rapid Visual Processing task (RVP), Iowa Gambling task (IGT), and Delay Discounting task (DD) at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. We assessed 48 psychostimulant-naive controls and 19 cocaine users with decreased, 19 users with increased, and 19 users with unchanged cocaine intake after 1 year as confirmed by hair analysis.Results.Results of linear multilevel modelling showed significant group × time interactions for the BIS-11 total score and the IGT total card ratio. Increasers showed a trend for elevated scores, whereas decreasers exhibited reduced self-reported impulsivity scores within 1 year. Surprisingly, increasers’ IGT performance was improved after 1 year, whereas decreasers’ performance deteriorated. By contrast, neither RVP response bias B″ nor DD total score showed substantial group × time interactions. Importantly, BIS-11 and DD revealed strong test–retest reliabilities.Conclusion.Self-reported impulsivity (BIS-11) and decision-making impulsivity (IGT) covary with changing cocaine use, whereas response bias and delay discounting remain largely unaffected. Thus, self-reported impulsivity and gambling decision-making were strongly state-dependent in a stimulant-using population and may be suitable to monitor treatment success, whereas delay of gratification was confirmed as a potential endophenotype of stimulant addiction.

Shared Decision-Making for Diabetes Prevention—One-Year Results from the Prediabetes Informed Decision and Education (PRIDE) Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 168-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
TANNAZ MOIN ◽  
NORMAN TURK ◽  
CAROL MANGIONE ◽  
YELBA CASTELLON-LOPEZ ◽  
KIA SKRINE JEFFERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pride Study

A multilevel analysis of the influence of bullying participant roles upon the trajectories of adolescents’ social and emotional competencies

2021 ◽  
pp. 014303432198897
Author(s):  
Vítor Alexandre Coelho ◽  
Marta Marchante
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Emotional Competencies ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
One Year ◽  
Competencies Development ◽  
Bullying Participant Roles ◽  
Social And Emotional Competencies

This study analyzed how social and emotional competencies evolved according to adolescents’ involvement in bullying, and whether gender influenced social and emotional competencies’ development. Five-hundred-fourteen students ( Mage = 12.71; SD = 1.09) were assessed through self-reports at three different time points for one year. Results showed that students involved in the three analyzed bullying roles displayed a more negative trajectory in all but one social emotional competence analyzed compared to students not involved in bullying. The exception was students who bullied others for responsible decision making. Additionally, gender differences were only found in self-esteem trajectories; boys displayed a more pronounced decrease. In larger classes, students displayed higher levels of self-control, social awareness and responsible decision-making. These results showed that reduced social and emotional competencies were a consequence of bullying involvement for every bullying role analyzed.

scholarly journals Cuing both positive and negative episodic foresight reduces delay discounting but does not affect risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1998-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bulley ◽  
Beyon Miloyan ◽  
Gillian V Pepper ◽  
Matthew J Gullo ◽  
Julie D Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Episodic Simulation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Monetary Choice Questionnaire

Humans frequently create mental models of the future, allowing outcomes to be inferred in advance of their occurrence. Recent evidence suggests that imagining positive future events reduces delay discounting (the devaluation of reward with time until its receipt), while imagining negative future events may increase it. Here, using a sample of 297 participants, we experimentally assess the effects of cued episodic simulation of positive and negative future scenarios on decision-making in the context of both delay discounting (monetary choice questionnaire) and risk-taking (balloon-analogue risk task). Participants discounted the future less when cued to imagine positive and negative future scenarios than they did when cued to engage in control neutral imagery. There were no effects of experimental condition on risk-taking. Thus, although these results replicate previous findings suggesting episodic future simulation can reduce delay discounting, they indicate that this effect is not dependent on the valence of the thoughts, and does not generalise to all other forms of “impulsive” decision-making. We discuss various interpretations of these results, and suggest avenues for further research on the role of prospection in decision-making.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PSAK NO. 2 TENTANG LAPORAN ARUS KAS DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PADA PERUM BULOG DIRVE SULUT DAN GORONTALO

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanesa Isalia Minanda Syaefudin ◽  
Jenny Morasa ◽  
Stanly Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
Cash Flow Statement ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
One Year ◽  
Finance Department ◽  
Real State

In the company’s Financial Statements is a means of consideration in decision making so that, componentsin the financial statements must betrue and correct. In thedecision making companies should use the cash Flow Statement because sometimes the income and balance sheet does not show the real state of corporate finance. The purposeof this study to determine the application of the Cash Flow Statement in accordance with SFAS No. 2 in corporate decision. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The results showed, net cash provided by the company during the year has decreased compared to the previous year. This study uses the ratio analysisin corporate decision making. The Ratio of Operating Cash Flow to Total Liabilities can be used as basis for decision making in the company repay its total Liability for one year of operation. The Ratio of Cash Flow to Current Liabilities can be used as the basis of the decision making companies when measuring the company’s ability to pay Current Liabilities by Net Operating Cash Flow. The Ratio of Cash Flow to Sales companies measure the company’s ability to measure the company’s ability to obtain cash from to sale. Leaders should Perum Bulog particularly the finance department needs to implement the Cash Flow Statement as the basis of its analysis so that can know the financial situation and can be used as a basis for decision making of the company.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to gains during risky decision-making differentiates chronic cocaine users from stimulant-naïve controls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kluwe-Schiavon ◽  
A. Kexel ◽  
G. Manenti ◽  
D.M. Cole ◽  
M.R. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Chronic Cocaine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBackgroundAlthough chronic cocaine use has been frequently associated with decision-making impairments that are supposed to contribute to the development and maintenance of cocaine addiction, it has remained unclear how risk-seeking behaviours observed in chronic cocaine users (CU) come about. Here we therefore test whether risky decision-making observed in CU is driven by alterations in individual sensitivity to the available information (gain, loss, and risk).MethodA sample of 96 participants (56 CU and 40 controls) performed the no-feedback (“cold”) version of the Columbia Card Task. Structured psychiatric interviews and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery were additionally conducted. Current and recent substance use was objectively assessed by toxicological urine and hair analysis.ResultsCompared to controls, CU showed increased risk-seeking in unfavourable decision scenarios in which the risk was high and the returns were low, and a tendency for increased risk aversion in favourable decision scenarios. These differences arose from the fact that CU were less sensitive to gain, but similarly sensitive to loss and risk information in comparison to controls. Further analysis revealed that individual differences in sensitivity to loss and risk were related to cognitive performance and impulsivity.ConclusionThe reduced sensitivity to gain information in people with CU may contribute to their propensity for making risky decisions. While these alterations in the sensitivity to gain might be directly related to cocaine use per se, the individual psychopathological profile of CU might moderate their sensitivity to risk and loss impulsivity.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems for Support of Medical Decision-Making

2011 ◽  
pp. 1017-1029
Author(s):  
William Claster ◽  
Nader Ghotbi ◽  
Subana Shanmuganathan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
One Year

There is a treasure trove of hidden information in the textual and narrative data of medical records that can be deciphered by text-mining techniques. The information provided by these methods can provide a basis for medical artificial intelligence and help support or improve clinical decision making by medical doctors. In this paper we extend previous work in an effort to extract meaningful information from free text medical records. We discuss a methodology for the analysis of medical records using some statistical analysis and the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The medical data derive from about 700 pediatric patients’ radiology department records where CT (Computed Tomography) scanning was used as part of a diagnostic exploration. The patients underwent CT scanning (single and multiple) throughout a one-year period in 2004 at the Nagasaki University Medical Hospital. Our approach led to a model based on SOM clusters and statistical analysis which may suggest a strategy for limiting CT scan requests. This is important because radiation at levels ordinarily used for CT scanning may pose significant health risks especially to children.

scholarly journals Interactions between decision-making and emotion in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-694
Author(s):  
Aurélie L Manuel ◽  
Daniel Roquet ◽  
Ramon Landin-Romero ◽  
Fiona Kumfor ◽  
Rebekah M Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

Abstract Negative and positive emotions are known to shape decision-making toward more or less impulsive responses, respectively. Decision-making and emotion processing are underpinned by shared brain regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala. How these processes interact at the behavioral and brain levels is still unclear. We used a lesion model to address this question. Study participants included individuals diagnosed with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n = 18), who typically present deficits in decision-making/emotion processing and atrophy of the vmPFC, individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 12) who present with atrophy in limbic structures and age-matched healthy controls (CTRL, n = 15). Prior to each choice on the delay discounting task participants were cued with a positive, negative or neutral picture and asked to vividly imagine witnessing the event. As hypothesized, our findings showed that bvFTD patients were more impulsive than AD patients and CTRL and did not show any emotion-related modulation of delay discounting rate. In contrast, AD patients showed increased impulsivity when primed by negative emotion. This increased impulsivity was associated with reduced integrity of bilateral amygdala in AD but not in bvFTD. Altogether, our results indicate that decision-making and emotion interact at the level of the amygdala supporting findings from animal studies.

scholarly journals Prior cocaine use alters the normal evolution of information coding in striatal ensembles during value-guided decision making

2020 ◽  
pp. JN-RM-1755-20
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Mueller ◽  
Melissa J. Sharpe ◽  
Thomas A. Stalnaker ◽  
Andrew M. Wikenheiser ◽  
Geoffrey Schoenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Coding ◽  
Cocaine Use

A Competitive Race among Friends: The Campaign of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for a Seat on the UN Security Council

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479
Author(s):  
Bahia Tahzib-Lie ◽  
Jan Reinder Rosing
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Campaign Strategy ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
One Year

Summary On 31 December 2018, the Kingdom of the Netherlands — the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and St Maarten — concluded its one-year membership of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), prompting many to reflect on its meaningful contribution to international peace and security during this time. The UNSC has exclusive and far-reaching powers with regard to maintaining international peace and security. For this reason, non-permanent seats on the UNSC are highly coveted. They confer prestige, influence and respectability on the seat-holders. Given the popularity of these seats, the Kingdom’s ability to influence decision-making within the UNSC became possible only after an intensive election campaign. In this practitioners’ perspective, we provide our insights and observations on the Kingdom of the Netherlands’ campaign strategy for the UNSC elections in 2016.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document