Reference Values for Handgrip Strength Among Healthy Adults in Nigeria

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) is used as a biomarker for the state of health of older people, but the number of research publications containing the normative values of HGS in older adult populations is limited. The aim of the study was to define reference values and factors associated with HGS in older adults living in southeastern Poland. A cross-sectional study including 405 participants aged 65 and older was conducted. Handgrip strength for the dominant hand was assessed by the average of three trials using a JAMAR dynamometer. The sample was categorized into the following age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, 75–79 years, 80–84 years, 85 and over. The average HGS was 19.98 kg (16.91 kg for women and 26.19 kg for men). There was a decrease in handgrip strength across the age range in both sexes. The average handgrip strength of the older people was 17.97 kg (14.47 kg for women and 25.66 kg for men) for those aged 80–85 and 16.68 kg (13.51 kg for women and 21.77 kg for men) in the group over 85 years old. In both sexes, marital status was an independent factor associated with reduced handgrip strength. In conclusion, this study described, for the first time, handgrip strength values for the southeastern Polish population aged ≥ 65 years according to age and gender.

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Geographical distribution of reference values of fibrinogen degradation products in healthy adults in China

International Journal of Biometeorology ◽

10.1007/s00484-021-02082-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Miao Ge ◽

Wenjie Yang ◽

Jing Wang

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Reference Values ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Fibrinogen Degradation Products

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TEWL reference values in healthy adults

British Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/bjd.17215 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 179 (5) ◽

pp. e204-e204 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Akdeniz ◽

S. Gabriel ◽

A. Lichterfeld-Kottner ◽

U. Blume-Peytavi ◽

J. Kottner

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Healthy Adults

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Standard reference values of weight and maximum pressure distribution in healthy adults aged 18–65 years in Germany

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ◽

10.1186/s40101-020-00246-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Author(s):

D. Ohlendorf ◽

K. Kerth ◽

W. Osiander ◽

F. Holzgreve ◽

L. Fraeulin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Pressure Distribution ◽

Reference Values ◽

Effect Size ◽

Weight Distribution ◽

Age Groups ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

The Body ◽

Maximum Pressure ◽

Left And Right

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to collect standard reference values of the weight and the maximum pressure distribution in healthy adults aged 18–65 years and to investigate the influence of constitutional parameters on it. Methods A total of 416 healthy subjects (208 male / 208 female) aged between 18 and 65 years (Ø 38.3 ± 14.1 years) participated in this study, conducted 2015–2019 in Heidelberg. The age-specific evaluation is based on 4 age groups (G1, 18–30 years; G2, 31–40 years; G3, 41–50 years; G4, 51–65 years). A pressure measuring plate FDM-S (Zebris/Isny/Germany) was used to collect body weight distribution and maximum pressure distribution of the right and left foot and left and right forefoot/rearfoot, respectively. Results Body weight distribution of the left (50.07%) and right (50.12%) foot was balanced. There was higher load on the rearfoot (left 54.14%; right 55.09%) than on the forefoot (left 45.49%; right 44.26%). The pressure in the rearfoot was higher than in the forefoot (rearfoot left 9.60 N/cm2, rearfoot right 9.51 N/cm2/forefoot left 8.23 N/cm2, forefoot right 8.59 N/cm2). With increasing age, the load in the left foot shifted from the rearfoot to the forefoot as well as the maximum pressure (p ≤ 0.02 and 0.03; poor effect size). With increasing BMI, the body weight shifted to the left and right rearfoot (p ≤ 0.001, poor effect size). As BMI increased, so did the maximum pressure in all areas (p ≤ 0.001 and 0.03, weak to moderate effect size). There were significant differences in weight and maximum pressure distribution in the forefoot and rearfoot in the different age groups, especially between younger (18–40 years) and older (41–65 years) subjects. Discussion Healthy individuals aged from 18 to 65 years were found to have a balanced weight distribution in an aspect ratio, with a 20% greater load of the rearfoot. Age and BMI were found to be influencing factors of the weight and maximum pressure distribution, especially between younger and elder subjects. The collected standard reference values allow comparisons with other studies and can serve as a guideline in clinical practice and scientific studies.

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Reference values for the six-minute pegboard and ring test in healthy adults in Brazil

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37562017000000388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 190-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vanessa Pereira Lima ◽

Fabiana Damasceno Almeida ◽

Tania Janaudis-Ferreira ◽

Bianca Carmona ◽

Giane Amorim Ribeiro-Samora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Reference Values ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Ring Test ◽

Age Group ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

The Difference ◽

Test Result

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine reference values for the six-minute pegboard and ring test (6PBRT) in healthy adults in Brazil, correlating the results with arm length, circumference of the upper arm/forearm of the dominant arm, and the level of physical activity. Methods: The participants (all volunteers) performed two 6PBRTs, 30 min apart. They were instructed to move as many rings as possible in six minutes. The best test result was selected for data analysis. Results: The sample comprised 104 individuals, all over 30 years of age. Reference values were reported by age bracket. We found that age correlated with 6PBRT results. The number of rings moved was higher in the 30- to 39-year age group than in the > 80-year age group (430.25 ± 77.00 vs. 265.00 ± 65.75), and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The 6PBRT results showed a weak, positive correlation with the level of physical activity (r = 0.358; p < 0.05) but did not correlate significantly with any other variable studied. Conclusions: In this study, we were able to determine reference values for the 6PBRT in healthy adults in Brazil. There was a correlation between 6PBRT results and age.

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Normative Reference Values for Handgrip Strength in Chilean Children at 8–12 Years Old Using the Empirical Distribution and the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma Statistical Methods

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000002631 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 260-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Antonio Garcia-Hermoso ◽

Cristian Cofre-Bolados ◽

Rodrigo Andrade-Schnettler ◽

Rodrigo Ceballos-Ceballos ◽

Omar Fernández-Vergara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Methods ◽

Reference Values ◽

Empirical Distribution ◽

Handgrip Strength

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P737 Left ventricular hemodynamic forces: towards establishing reference values for healthy adults

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jez319.406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

F Capuano ◽

R Cocchia ◽

F Ferrara ◽

S Lanero ◽

V Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Lv Function ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Endocardial Contour ◽

Hemodynamic Forces ◽

Lv Volume

Abstract Introduction Left ventricular hemodynamic forces (LV-HDF) have been recently demonstrated to be promising markers of sub-clinical dysfunction and potential predictors of disease outcome. However, there is a lack of reference values in healthy subjects. Knowledge of physiologic ranges is mandatory towards the use of LV-HDF-based indices for disease assessment in future clinical applications. Purpose Aim of the current study is to define the normal reference values for LV-HDF parameters in a large cohort of healthy adults. Here we present preliminary results for the initial set of enrolled subjects. Methods We enrolled 82 healthy subjects [mean age 44 ± 13.2 years (range 18-88), 41 men]. All participants underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) examination, as recommended by current guidelines, including apical two-, three- and four-chamber windows, acquired at a frame rate above 40 Hz. These were then analyzed by tri-plane tissue tracking, measuring LV volume and LV ejection fraction (EF) as reference parameters. The same tracking method was used to evaluate the global hemodynamic force by a novel mathematical calculation technique applied to the three-dimensional endocardial contour. Physical-based LV-HDF parameters were then extracted for clinical application; these included the amplitude (root mean square) of the longitudinal and transversal force components (FL and FT) and their alignment angle relative to the LV axis. Parameters were computed as average over the whole cardiac cycle as well as limited to the systolic phase. Forces were normalized with LV volume to reduce variability with LV dimension, and divided by specific weight to yield a dimensionless measure. Results Mean EF was 63 ± 9%. Whole cycle LV-HDF parameters were: FL = 16.0 ± 5.6%, FT = 2.3 ± 0.8%, with significant longitudinal alignment FT/FL = 0.15 ± 0.04, angle = 13.0°±3.1°. Systolic HDF parameters were: FL = 22.7 ± 8.2%, FT = 2.9 ± 1.1%, with longitudinal alignment FT/FL = 0.13 ± 0.04, angle = 11.2°±3.1°. Importantly, dimensionless physical-based LV-HDF parameters showed no significant variation with age, gender or BSA. Conclusions We report the physiologic range of LV-HDF parameters measured by TTE. Knowledge of age- and gender-specific reference values, for a combination of standard, mechanical and hemodynamic indices, can improve the global assessment of the LV function and may help to detect sub-clinical stages of LV dysfunction.

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