Central Nervous System Tissue in Meat Products: An Evaluation of Risk, Prevention Strategies, and Testing Procedures

Author(s):  
M.B. Bowling ◽  
K.E. Belk ◽  
K.K. Nightingale ◽  
L.D. Goodridge ◽  
J.A. Scanga ◽  
...  
2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNST H. LÜCKER ◽  
ERICH EIGENBRODT ◽  
SABINE WENISCH ◽  
RUDI LEISER ◽  
MICHAEL BÜ]LTE

A procedure to detect tissues from the central nervous system that involved quantification of cholesterol and immuno-chemical detection of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein was used to analyze 402 samples of heat-treated meat products from various food outlets in Germany. The cholesterol content of 16 samples (4.0%) indicated the possible presence of central nervous system tissue because the levels exceeded the normal maximum cholesterol content of cooked sausages. In 7 of these 16 heat-treated meat products, immunoblotting of both neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein confirmed the presence of CNS tissue. Repeated sampling by veterinary officials and analysis by both cholesterol quantification and immunoblotting confirmed these findings. Whereas all of the control samples (with and without added central nervous system tissue) were correctly classified by both cholesterol quantification and immunoblotting, negative results of immunoblotting must be carefully interpreted in the case of intensively heat-treated meat products. Thus, studies have yet to establish an increase in sensitivity of immunoblotting of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. However, the detection of illegal use of central nervous system tissue in heat-treated retail meat products demonstrates the need for suitable analytical methods to control transmissible encephalopathies and to enforce labeling laws.


2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2318-2318

For the article “Comparison of Immunochemical (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and Immunohistochemical Methods for the Detection of Central Nervous System Tissue in Meat Products” by Hossner, K. L., R. S. Yemm, S. E. Sonnenshein, G. L. Mason, B. A. Cummings, M. C. S. Reddy, J. N. Sofos, J. A. Scanga, J. D. Tatum, G. C. Smith, and K. E. Belk, J. Food Prot. 69(3):644-650, the authors indicate the following. A typographical error was noted in the second column of p. 645 describing procedures associated with the F-ELISA: reference “(22)” is cited incorrectly and should be changed to reference “(16).” Secondly, an error of omission was noted. The study was completed during 2003 using a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) immunohistochemical (IHC) protocol that was supplied to the researchers by the Agency (FSIS). The Agency subsequently archived that protocol and published a revised protocol (USDA-FSIS, 30 January 2004; Detection of Central Nervous System Tissue and Dorsal Root Ganglia in Beef and Central Nervous System Tissue in Pork Comminuted Meat Products by Histologic Examination of Hematoxylin and Eosin Stained Slides and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Immunohistochemistry; SOP No: PLG 0001.01; available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/ophs/plg/plg0001.01.pdf) that differed in the criteria used for detecting dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for regulatory purposes and that was implemented in an Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on 12 January 2004. Our article should have acknowledged that the study was completed before the original IHC protocol was archived and the new protocol was implemented.


2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVA RENCOVA

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to compare four commercially available monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies prepared against the markers of central nervous system tissue: glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilaments, and myelin basic protein. These antibodies were investigated for their usefulness at the detection of prohibited central nervous system tissue in meat products to prevent spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and its human form, a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The detection limit was 2.5 to 10%. The specificity was tested using extracts of tissue samples of bovine and porcine brain, spinal cord, lymphatic node, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and peripheral nerves. All antibodies reacted with both bovine and porcine tissue extracts.


Author(s):  
J.N. Turner ◽  
M. Siemens ◽  
D. Szarowski ◽  
D.N. Collins

A classic preparation of central nervous system tissue (CNS) is the Golgi procedure popularized by Cajal. The method is partially specific as only a few cells are impregnated with silver chromate usualy after osmium post fixation. Samples are observable by light (LM) or electron microscopy (EM). However, the impregnation is often so dense that structures are masked in EM, and the osmium background may be undesirable in LM. Gold toning is used for a subtle but high contrast EM preparation, and osmium can be omitted for LM. We are investigating these preparations as part of a study to develop correlative LM and EM (particularly HVEM) methodologies in neurobiology. Confocal light microscopy is particularly useful as the impregnated cells have extensive three-dimensional structure in tissue samples from one to several hundred micrometers thick. Boyde has observed similar preparations in the tandem scanning reflected light microscope (TSRLM).


Brain ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 1013-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. NEWCOMBE ◽  
C. P. HAWKINS ◽  
C. L. HENDERSON ◽  
H. A. PATEL ◽  
M. N. WOODROOFE ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 149 (19) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grassi ◽  
S. Simon ◽  
C. Crminon ◽  
Y. Frobert ◽  
E. Comoy ◽  
...  

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