A large-scale stochastic model for management of Khuzestan water resources system

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
M. Jamshidi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Resources System

scholarly journals WRSS: An Object-Oriented R Package for Large-Scale Water Resources Operation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3037
Author(s):  
Rezgar Arabzadeh ◽  
Parisa Aberi ◽  
Sina Hesarkazzazi ◽  
Mohsen Hajibabaei ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
R Package ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Water Resources System ◽  
Water Resources Systems

Water resources systems, as facilities for storing water and supplying demands, have been critically important due to their operational requirements. This paper presents the applications of an R package in a large-scale water resources operation. The WRSS (Water Resources System Simulator) is an object-oriented open-source package for the modeling and simulation of water resources systems based on Standard Operation Policy (SOP). The package provides R users several functions and methods to build water supply and energy models, manipulate their components, create scenarios, and publish and visualize the results. WRSS is capable of incorporating various components of a complex supply–demand system, including numerous reservoirs, aquifers, diversions, rivers, junctions, and demand nodes, as well as hydropower analysis, which have not been presented in any other R packages. For the WRSS’s development, a novel coding system was devised, allowing the water resources components to interact with one another by transferring the mass in terms of seepage, leakage, spillage, and return-flow. With regard to the running time, as a key factor in complex models, WRSS outshone the existing commercial tools such as the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) significantly by reducing the processing time by 50 times for a single unit reservoir. Additionally, the WRSS was successfully applied to a large-scale water resources system comprising of 5 medium- to large-size dams with 11 demand nodes. The results suggested dams with larger capacity sizes may meet agriculture sector demand but smaller capacities to fulfill environmental water requirement. Additionally, large-scale approach modeling in the operation of one of the studied dams indicated its implication on the reservoirs supply resiliency by increasing 10 percent of inflow compared with single unit operation.

Managing the impacts of mining on Ghana’s water resources from a legal perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasirudeen Abdul Fatawu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Legal Perspective

Recent floods in Ghana are largely blamed on mining activities. Not only are lives lost through these floods, farms andproperties are destroyed as a result. Water resources are diverted, polluted and impounded upon by both large-scale minersand small-scale miners. Although these activities are largely blamed on behavioural attitudes that need to be changed, thereare legal dimensions that should be addressed as well. Coincidentally, a great proportion of the water resources of Ghana arewithin these mining areas thus the continual pollution of these surface water sources is a serious threat to the environmentand the development of the country as a whole. The environmental laws need to be oriented properly with adequate sanctionsto tackle the impacts mining has on water resources. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure needs to bestreamlined and undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and not the company itself.

Mapping global water projects: improving access to donor investment information on the web

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
J. Lisa Jorgensona
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Projects ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Water Project ◽  
The Web

This paper discusses a series of discusses how web sites now report international water project information, and maps the combined donor investment in more than 6000 water projects, active since 1995. The maps show donor investment:  • has addressed water scarcity,  • has improved access to improvised water resources,  • correlates with growth in GDP,  • appears to show a correlation with growth in net private capital flow,  • does NOT appear to correlate with growth in GNI. Evaluation indicates problems in the combined water project portfolios for major donor organizations: •difficulties in grouping projects over differing Sector classifications, food security, or agriculture/irrigation is the most difficult.  • inability to map donor projects at the country or river basin level because 60% of the donor projects include no location data (town, province, watershed) in the title or abstracts available on the web sites.  • no means to identify donor projects with utilization of water resources from training or technical assistance.  • no information of the source of water (river, aquifer, rainwater catchment).  • an identifiable quantity of water (withdrawal amounts, or increased water efficiency) is not provided.  • differentiation between large scale verses small scale projects. Recommendation: Major donors need to look at how the web harvests and combines their information, and look at ways to agree on a standard template for project titles to include more essential information. The Japanese (JICA) and the Asian Development Bank provide good models.

scholarly journals Common Pool Resource Management: Assessing Water Resources Planning for Hydrologically Connected Surface and Groundwater Systems

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Francisco Muñoz-Arriola ◽  
Tarik Abdel-Monem ◽  
Alessandro Amaranto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Common Pool Resource ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Connected Surface

Common pool resource (CPR) management has the potential to overcome the collective action dilemma, defined as the tendency for individual users to exploit natural resources and contribute to a tragedy of the commons. Design principles associated with effective CPR management help to ensure that arrangements work to the mutual benefit of water users. This study contributes to current research on CPR management by examining the process of implementing integrated management planning through the lens of CPR design principles. Integrated management plans facilitate the management of a complex common pool resource, ground and surface water resources having a hydrological connection. Water governance structures were evaluated through the use of participatory methods and observed records of interannual changes in rainfall, evapotranspiration, and ground water levels across the Northern High Plains. The findings, documented in statutes, field interviews and observed hydrologic variables, point to the potential for addressing large-scale collective action dilemmas, while building on the strengths of local control and participation. The feasibility of a “bottom up” system to foster groundwater resilience was evidenced by reductions in groundwater depths of 2 m in less than a decade.

scholarly journals Mapping the Distribution of Water Resource Security in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region at the County Level under a Changing Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Yin ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Croke ◽  
Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
County Level ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
Water Resource Security ◽  
Resource Security

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) region is the most densely populated region in China and suffers from severe water resource shortage, with considerable water-related issues emerging under a changing context such as construction of water diversion projects (WDP), regional synergistic development, and climate change. To this end, this paper develops a framework to examine the water resource security for 200 counties in the Jingjinji region under these changes. Thus, county-level water resource security is assessed in terms of the long-term annual mean and selected typical years (i.e., dry, normal, and wet years), with and without the WDP, and under the current and projected future (i.e., regional synergistic development and climate change). The outcomes of such scenarios are assessed based on two water-crowding indicators, two use-to-availability indicators, and one composite indicator. Results indicate first that the water resources are distributed unevenly, relatively more abundant in the northeastern counties and extremely limited in the other counties. The water resources are very limited at the regional level, with the water availability per capita and per unit gross domestic product (GDP) being only 279/290 m3 and 46/18 m3 in the current and projected future scenarios, respectively, even when considering the WDP. Second, the population carrying capacity is currently the dominant influence, while economic development will be the controlling factor in the future for most middle and southern counties. This suggests that significant improvement in water-saving technologies, vigorous replacement of industries from high to low water consumption, as well as water from other supplies for large-scale applications are greatly needed. Third, the research identifies those counties most at risk to water scarcity and shows that most of them can be greatly relieved after supplementation by the planned WDP. Finally, more attention should be paid to the southern counties because their water resources are not only limited but also much more sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. This work should benefit water resource management and allocation decisions in the Jingjinji region, and the proposed assessment framework can be applied to other similar problems.

scholarly journals Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Preparation to Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5717
Author(s):  
Mian Muhammad-Ahson Aslam ◽  
Hsion-Wen Kuo ◽  
Walter Den ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Water And Wastewater

As the world human population and industrialization keep growing, the water availability issue has forced scientists, engineers, and legislators of water supply industries to better manage water resources. Pollutant removals from wastewaters are crucial to ensure qualities of available water resources (including natural water bodies or reclaimed waters). Diverse techniques have been developed to deal with water quality concerns. Carbon based nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their high specific surface area and associated adsorption sites, have drawn a special focus in environmental applications, especially water and wastewater treatment. This critical review summarizes recent developments and adsorption behaviors of CNTs used to remove organics or heavy metal ions from contaminated waters via adsorption and inactivation of biological species associated with CNTs. Foci include CNTs synthesis, purification, and surface modifications or functionalization, followed by their characterization methods and the effect of water chemistry on adsorption capacities and removal mechanisms. Functionalized CNTs have been proven to be promising nanomaterials for the decontamination of waters due to their high adsorption capacity. However, most of the functional CNT applications are limited to lab-scale experiments only. Feasibility of their large-scale/industrial applications with cost-effective ways of synthesis and assessments of their toxicity with better simulating adsorption mechanisms still need to be studied.

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