P156 PLA2G2A, PLA2G5 AND PLA2G10 VARIANTS, SPLA2 ACTIVITY AND MASS AND CHD RISK: RESULTS FROM GRACE AND EPIC-NORFOLK

Cardiovascular disease, and particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), has a low incidence in premenopausal women. Loss of ovarian hormones during the perimenopause and menopause leads to a sharp increase in incidence. Although most CHD risk factors are common to both men and women, the menopause is a unique additional risk factor for women. Sex steroids have profound effects on many CHD risk factors. Their loss leads to adverse changes in lipids and lipoproteins, with increases being seen in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. There is a reduction in insulin secretion and elimination, but increases in insulin resistance eventually result in increasing circulating insulin levels. There are changes in body fat distribution with accumulation in central and visceral fat which links to the other adverse metabolic changes. There is an increase in the incidence of hypertension and of type 2 diabetes mellitus, both major risk factors for CHD. Oestrogens have potent effects on blood vessels and their loss leads to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. All of these changes result from loss of ovarian function contributing to the increased development of CHD. Risk factor assessment in perimenopausal women is recommended, thereby permitting the timely introduction of lifestyle, hormonal and therapeutic interventions to modify or reverse these adverse changes.

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Assessment and evaluation of CHD risk factors using weighted ranked correlation and regression with data classification

Soft Computing ◽

10.1007/s00500-021-05663-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Sheik Abdullah ◽

S. Selvakumar ◽

M. Venkatesh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Data Classification ◽

Assessment And Evaluation ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Chd Risk Factors

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Neighbourhood maternal socioeconomic status indicators and risk of congenital heart disease

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03512-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qun Miao ◽

Sandra Dunn ◽

Shi Wu Wen ◽

Jane Lougheed ◽

Jessica Reszel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Household Income ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Population Based ◽

Income Poverty ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Chd Risk

Abstract Background This study aimed to examine the relationships between various maternal socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods This was a population-based retrospective cohort study, including all singleton stillbirths and live births in Ontario hospitals from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the relationships between maternal neighbourhood household income, poverty, education level, employment and unemployment status, immigration and minority status, and population density and the risk of CHD. All SES variables were estimated at a dissemination area level and categorized into quintiles. Adjustments were made for maternal age at birth, assisted reproductive technology, obesity, pre-existing maternal health conditions, substance use during pregnancy, rural or urban residence, and infant’s sex. Results Of 804,292 singletons, 9731 (1.21%) infants with CHD were identified. Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the highest income neighbourhoods, infants whose mothers lived in the lowest income neighbourhoods had higher likelihood of developing CHD (adjusted OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.20–1.38). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the highest percentage of people with a university or higher degree, infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the lowest percentage of people with university or higher degree had higher chance of CHD (adjusted OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24–1.44). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the highest employment rate, the odds of infants whose mothers resided in areas with the lowest employment having CHD was 18% higher (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.26). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the lowest proportion of immigrants or minorities, infants whose mothers resided in areas with the highest proportions of immigrants or minorities had 18% lower odds (adjusted OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.77–0.88) and 16% lower odds (adjusted OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78–0.91) of CHD, respectively. Conclusion Lower maternal neighbourhood household income, poverty, lower educational level and unemployment status had positive associations with CHD, highlighting a significant social inequity in Ontario. The findings of lower CHD risk in immigrant and minority neighbourhoods require further investigation.

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Age- and Gender-Related Differences in LDL-Cholesterol Management in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2015/957105 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Giuseppina Russo ◽

Basilio Pintaudi ◽

Carlo Giorda ◽

Giuseppe Lucisano ◽

Antonio Nicolucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Chd Risk ◽

And Gender

Background. Dyslipidemia contribute to the excess of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk observed in women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is the major target for CHD prevention, and T2DM women seem to reach LDL-C targets less frequently than men.Aim. To explore age- and gender-related differences in LDL-C management in a large sample of outpatients with T2DM.Results. Overall, 415.294 patients (45.3% women) from 236 diabetes centers in Italy were included. Women were older and more obese, with longer diabetes duration, higher total-cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C serum levels compared to men (P<0.0001). Lipid profile was monitored in ~75% of subjects, women being monitored less frequently than men, irrespective of age. More women did not reach the LDL-C target as compared to men, particularly in the subgroup treated with lipid-lowering medications. The between-genders gap in reaching LDL-C targets increased with age and diabetes duration, favouring men in all groups.Conclusions. LDL-C management is worst in women with T2DM, who are monitored and reach targets less frequently than T2DM men. Similarly to men, they do not receive medications despite high LDL-C. These gender discrepancies increase with age and diabetes duration, exposing older women to higher CHD risk.

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Risk of coronary heart disease among cancer survivors with different prediagnosis body mass index

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82026-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahryoung Ko ◽

Kyuwoong Kim ◽

Joung Sik Son ◽

Yu Jin Cho ◽

Sang Min Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Body Mass ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Cancer Site ◽

Chd Risk

AbstractAssociation between body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in cancer survivors is not clearly established. This study analyzed the prediagnosis BMI-CHD association by examining 13,500 cancer survivors identified from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2009 including the patients who were free of cardiovascular disease at enrollment. The Cox proportional hazards model (adjusted for socioeconomic, health behavior, health status, and medical characteristics) was used for calculating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for CHD in each prediagnosis BMI category among cancer survivors. Compared to cancer survivors with a prediagnosis BMI between 18.5 and 22.9 kg/m2, those with a prediagnosis BMI of 23.0–24.9 kg/m2 and ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 had significantly higher CHD risk (HR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13–2.01 and HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04–1.84, respectively). Cancer survivors with a low prediagnosis BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2) also had significantly higher CHD risk (HR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.20–3.24) compared to those with a BMI of 18.5–22.9 kg/m2. Similar associations were found after stratifying analyses based on first cancer site and sociodemographic and medical characteristic subgroups. Our study suggests that prediagnosis underweight among patients with cancer is a predictor of CHD risk.

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