HIV-associated cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment in a Thai cohort on long-term cART

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades, there has been investigation into the effects of microgravity and microgravity-like environments on cognition and emotion separately. Here we highlight the need of focusing on emotion-cognition interactions as a framework for explaining cognitive performance in space. In particular, by referring to the affective cognition hypothesis, the significant interplay between emotional variables and cognitive processing in space is briefly analyzed. Altogether, this approach shows an interesting pattern of data pointing to a dynamic relation that may be sensitive to microgravity. The importance of examining interactions between emotion and cognition for space performance remains fundamental (e.g., stress-related disorders) and deserves further attention. This approach is ultimately interesting considering the potential effects that microgravity may play on human performance during long-term space missions and on return to Earth.Mammarella N. Towards the affective cognition approach to human performance in space. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(6):532–534.

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High Fat Diet Mediates Amyloid-β Cleaving Enzyme 1 Phosphorylation and SUMOylation, Enhancing Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-215299 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Jian Bao ◽

Zheng Liang ◽

Xiaokang Gong ◽

Jing Yu ◽

Yifan Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Augmented Learning ◽

Biochemical Analyses ◽

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults and extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the two characterized pathologies of AD. Obesity is significantly associated with AD developing factors. Several studies have reported that high fat diet (HFD) influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of HFD influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. Methods: 2.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were randomly separated into two groups: 1) the normal diet (ND) group, fed a standard diet (10 kcal%fat); and 2) the HFD group, fed a high fat diet (40 kcal%fat, D12492; Research Diets). After 4 months of HFD or ND feeding, mice in the two groups were subjected for further ethological, morphological, and biochemical analyses. Results: A long-term HFD diet significantly increased perirenal fat and impaired dendritic integrity and aggravated neurodegeneration, and augmented learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, the HFD increased beta amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) dephosphorylation and SUMOylation, resulting in enhanced enzyme activity and stability, which exacerbated the deposition of amyloid plaques. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that long-term HFD consumption aggravates amyloid-β accumulation and cognitive impairments, and that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as obesity, can induce BACE1 post-modifications which may contribute to AD pathogenesis.

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Delirium, depression, and long-term cognition

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610221002556 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Patricia S. Andrews ◽

Jennifer Thompson ◽

Rameela Raman ◽

Chelsea Rick ◽

Amy Kiehl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Prior History ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Neuropsychological Status ◽

Beta Coefficient ◽

History Of ◽

Surgical Icu ◽

Depression History ◽

History Of Depression

ABSTRACT Objectives: We examined whether preadmission history of depression is associated with less delirium/coma-free (DCF) days, worse 1-year depression severity and cognitive impairment. Design and measurements: A health proxy reported history of depression. Separate models examined the effect of preadmission history of depression on: (a) intensive care unit (ICU) course, measured as DCF days; (b) depression symptom severity at 3 and 12 months, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II); and (c) cognitive performance at 3 and 12 months, measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) global score. Setting and participants: Patients admitted to the medical/surgical ICU services were eligible. Results: Of 821 subjects eligible at enrollment, 261 (33%) had preadmission history of depression. After adjusting for covariates, preadmission history of depression was not associated with less DCF days (OR 0.78, 95% CI, 0.59–1.03 p = 0.077). A prior history of depression was associated with higher BDI-II scores at 3 and 12 months (3 months OR 2.15, 95% CI, 1.42–3.24 p = <0.001; 12 months OR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.24–2.87 p = 0.003). We did not observe an association between preadmission history of depression and cognitive performance at either 3 or 12 months (3 months beta coefficient −0.04, 95% CI, −2.70–2.62 p = 0.97; 12 months 1.5, 95% CI, −1.26–4.26 p = 0.28). Conclusion: Patients with a depression history prior to ICU stay exhibit a greater severity of depressive symptoms in the year after hospitalization.

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Long‐term adiposity is associated with poorer cognitive performance in middle‐aged adults at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1002/alz.041829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (S10) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca West ◽

Ramit Ravona‐Springer ◽

Inbal Sharvit‐Ginon ◽

Sapir Golan ◽

Anthony Heymann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Middle Aged Adults

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Cognitive performance during long-term residence in a polar environment

Journal of Environmental Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.09.007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 129-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

F.U. John Paul ◽

Manas K. Mandal ◽

K. Ramachandran ◽

M.R. Panwar

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Polar Environment

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High-intensity physical activity is not associated with better cognition in the elder: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13195-021-00923-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhiyuan Wu ◽

Haiping Zhang ◽

Xinlei Miao ◽

Haibin Li ◽

Huiying Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Global Cognition

Abstract Background To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) intensity with cognitive performance at baseline and during follow-up. Methods A total of 4039 participants aged 45 years or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in visit 1 (2011–2012) and followed for cognitive function in visit 2 (2013–2014), visit 3 (2015–2016), and visit 4 (2017–2018). We analyzed the association of PA intensity with global cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness at baseline using adjusted regression methods and evaluated the long-term effect of PA intensity using multiple measures of cognition scores by mixed effect model. Results In cross-sectional analysis, mild and moderate PA, rather than vigorous PA, was associated with better cognitive performance. The results remained consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, participant with mild PA had a 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–0.99) higher global cognition, 0.23 (95% CI 0.01–0.46) higher episodic memory, and 0.33 (95% CI 0.01–0.64) higher mental intactness, while those with moderate PA had a 0.74 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) higher global score, 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–0.54) higher episodic memory, and 0.43 (95% CI 0.12–0.74) higher mental intactness, compared with individuals without PA. Vigorous PA was not beneficial to the long-term cognitive performance. Conclusions Our study indicates that mild and moderate PA could improve cognitive performance, rather than the vigorous activity. The targeted intensity of PA might be more effective to achieve the greatest cognition improvement considering age and depressive status.

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A Multivariate Assessment of Age-Related Cognitive Impairment in Octodon degus

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnint.2021.719076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela S. Rivera ◽

Carolina B. Lindsay ◽

Carolina A. Oliva ◽

Francisco Bozinovic ◽

Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

Keyword(s):

Recognition Memory ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Natural Aging ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Barnes Maze ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Dependent

Aging is a progressive functional decline characterized by a gradual deterioration in physiological function and behavior. The most important age-related change in cognitive function is decline in cognitive performance (i.e., the processing or transformation of information to make decisions that includes speed of processing, working memory, and learning). The purpose of this study is to outline the changes in age-related cognitive performance (i.e., short-term recognition memory and long-term learning and memory) in long-lived Octodon degus. The strong similarity between degus and humans in social, metabolic, biochemical, and cognitive aspects makes it a unique animal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the behavioral and cognitive deficits related to natural aging. In this study, we examined young adult female degus (12- and 24-months-old) and aged female degus (38-, 56-, and 75-months-old) that were exposed to a battery of cognitive-behavioral tests. Multivariate analyses of data from the Social Interaction test or Novel Object/Local Recognition (to measure short-term recognition memory), and the Barnes maze test (to measure long-term learning and memory) revealed a consistent pattern. Young animals formed a separate group of aged degus for both short- and long-term memories. The association between the first component of the principal component analysis (PCA) from short-term memory with the first component of the PCA from long-term memory showed a significant negative correlation. This suggests age-dependent differences in both memories, with the aged degus having higher values of long-term memory ability but poor short-term recognition memory, whereas in the young degus an opposite pattern was found. Approximately 5% of the young and 80% of the aged degus showed an impaired short-term recognition memory; whereas for long-term memory about 32% of the young degus and 57% of the aged degus showed decreased performance on the Barnes maze test. Throughout this study, we outlined age-dependent cognitive performance decline during natural aging in degus. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the use of a multivariate approach let us explore and visualize complex behavioral variables, and identified specific behavioral patterns that allowed us to make powerful conclusions that will facilitate further the study on the biology of aging. In addition, this study could help predict the onset of the aging process based on behavioral performance.

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Long-term trajectory of cognitive performance in people with bipolar disorder and controls: 6-year longitudinal study

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.66 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Timea Sparding ◽

Erik Joas ◽

Caitlin Clements ◽

Carl M. Sellgren ◽

Erik Pålsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Interaction

Background Cross-sectional studies have found impaired cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder, but long-term longitudinal studies are scarce. Aims The aims of this study were to examine the 6-year longitudinal course of cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Subsets of patients were examined to investigate possible differences in cognitive trajectories. Method Patients with bipolar I disorder (n = 44) or bipolar II disorder (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 59) were tested with a comprehensive cognitive test battery at baseline and retested after 6 years. We conducted repeated measures ANCOVAs with group as a between-subject factor and tested the significance of group and time interaction. Results By and large, the change in cognitive functioning between baseline and follow-up did not differ significantly between participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Comparing subsets of patients, for example those with bipolar I and II disorder and those with and without manic episodes during follow-up, did not reveal subgroups more vulnerable to cognitive decline. Conclusions Cognitive performance remained stable in patients with bipolar disorder over a 6-year period and evolved similarly to healthy controls. These findings argue against the notion of a general progressive decline in cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.

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Senior Dance Experience, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Volume in Older Women

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2016/9837321 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Claudia Niemann ◽

Ben Godde ◽

Claudia Voelcker-Rehage

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Older Women ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Motor Fitness

Physical activity is positively related to cognitive functioning and brain volume in older adults. Interestingly, different types of physical activity vary in their effects on cognition and on the brain. For example, dancing has become an interesting topic in aging research, as it is a popular leisure activity among older adults, involving cardiovascular and motor fitness dimensions that can be positively related to cognition. However, studies on brain structure are missing. In this study, we tested the association of long-term senior dance experience with cognitive performance and gray matter brain volume in older women aged 65 to 82 years. We compared nonprofessional senior dancers (n=28) with nonsedentary control group participants without any dancing experience (n=29), who were similar in age, education, IQ score, lifestyle and health factors, and fitness level. Differences neither in the four tested cognitive domains (executive control, perceptual speed, episodic memory, and long-term memory) nor in brain volume (VBM whole-brain analysis, region-of-interest analysis of the hippocampus) were observed. Results indicate that moderate dancing activity (1-2 times per week, on average) has no additional effects on gray matter volume and cognitive functioning when a certain lifestyle or physical activity and fitness level are reached.

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