scholarly journals Functional identification of phenazine biosynthesis genes in plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen LI ◽  
You-ping XU ◽  
Munyampundu Jean-Pierre ◽  
Xin XU ◽  
Xian-fei QI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Type III Secretion Effectors in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Furutani ◽  
Minako Takaoka ◽  
Harumi Sanada ◽  
Yukari Noguchi ◽  
Takashi Oku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Genes Encoding

Many gram-negative bacteria secrete so-called effector proteins via a type III secretion (T3S) system. Through genome screening for genes encoding potential T3S effectors, 60 candidates were selected from rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae MAFF311018 using these criteria: i) homologs of known T3S effectors in plant-pathogenic bacteria, ii) genes with expression regulated by hrp regulatory protein HrpX, or iii) proteins with N-terminal amino acid patterns associated with T3S substrates of Pseudomonas syringae. Of effector candidates tested with the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter for translocation into plant cells, 16 proteins were translocated in a T3S system-dependent manner. Of these 16 proteins, nine were homologs of known effectors in other plant-pathogenic bacteria and seven were not. Most of the effectors were widely conserved in Xanthomonas spp.; however, some were specific to X. oryzae. Interestingly, all these effectors were expressed in an HrpX-dependent manner, suggesting coregulation of effectors and the T3S system. In X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, HpaB and HpaC (HpaP in X. oryzae pv. oryzae) have a central role in recruiting T3S substrates to the secretion apparatus. Secretion of all but one effector was reduced in both HpaB– and HpaP– mutant strains, indicating that HpaB and HpaP are widely involved in efficient secretion of the effectors.

THE ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM SPECIES AND INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE Mentha GENUS AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽  
Tomasz M. Staniek ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Beata Dasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.

scholarly journals Ankyrin-Like Protein AnkB Interacts with CatB, Affects Catalase Activity, and Enhances Resistance ofXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola to Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiayan Pan ◽  
Shu Xu ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yabing Duan ◽  
Zhitian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ankyrin Protein

ABSTRACTXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae, which causes rice bacterial leaf blight, andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola, which causes rice bacterial leaf streak, are important plant-pathogenic bacteria. A member of the adaptor protein family, ankyrin protein, has been investigated largely in humans but rarely in plant-pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a novel ankyrin-like protein, AnkB, was identified inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola. The expression ofankBwas significantly upregulated when these bacteria were treated with phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA).ankBis located 58 bp downstream of the genecatB(which encodes a catalase) in both bacteria, and the gene expression ofcatBand catalase activity were reduced followingankBdeletion inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AnkB directly interacts with CatB by glutathioneS-transferase (GST) pulldown assays. Deletion ofankBincreased the sensitivity ofX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola to H2O2and PCA, decreased bacterial biofilm formation, swimming ability, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and also reduced virulence on rice. Together our results indicate that the ankyrin-like protein AnkB has important and conserved roles in antioxidant systems and pathogenicity inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates that the ankyrin protein AnkB directly interacts with catalase CatB inXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola. Ankyrin protein AnkB can affect the gene expression ofcatB, catalase activity, and sensitivity to H2O2. InXanthomonasspp., the locations of genesankBandcatBand the amino acid sequence of AnkB are highly conserved. It is suggested that in prokaryotes, AnkB plays a conserved role in the defense against oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The application of polymerase chain reaction for characterising strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from New Zealand rivers

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Vanneste ◽  
D.A. Cornish ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
C.E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Complex Group ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Waikato River

Pseudomonas syringae is a complex group of bacteria which comprises nine different genomospecies and over 50 pathovars Strains of P syringae have been isolated from some rivers and lakes in New Zealand To determine whether these waterways act as reservoirs of plant pathogenic bacteria 15 strains of P syringae isolated from the Waikato River and Whakapapanui stream have been further characterised using several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols Five of those 15 strains belong to genomospecies 1 which comprises P syringae pv syringae but none belongs to genomospecies 2 The protocol for detection of P syringae pv papulans was modified and is now specific for this pathovar The identity of a strain isolated from the Waikato River as being P syringae pv atrofaciens has yet to be confirmed None of the 15 strains studied belongs to the pathovars papulans actinidiae tagetis helianthii or theae

scholarly journals AlgU Controls Expression of Virulence Genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (17) ◽  
pp. 2330-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Markel ◽  
Paul Stodghill ◽  
Zhongmeng Bao ◽  
Christopher R. Myers ◽  
Bryan Swingle
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACTPlant-pathogenic bacteria are able to integrate information about their environment and adjust gene expression to provide adaptive functions. AlgU, an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor encoded byPseudomonas syringae, controls expression of genes for alginate biosynthesis and genes involved with resisting osmotic and oxidative stress. AlgU is active while these bacteria are associated with plants, where its presence supports bacterial growth and disease symptoms. We found that AlgU is an important virulence factor forP. syringaepv. tomato DC3000 but that alginate production is dispensable for disease in host plants. This implies that AlgU regulates additional genes that facilitate bacterial pathogenesis. We used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to characterize the AlgU regulon and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify AlgU-regulated promoters associated with genes directly controlled by this sigma factor. We found that in addition to genes involved with alginate and osmotic and oxidative stress responses, AlgU regulates genes with known virulence functions, including components of the Hrp type III secretion system, virulence effectors, and thehrpLandhrpRStranscription regulators. These data suggest thatP. syringaepv. tomato DC3000 has adapted to use signals that activate AlgU to induce expression of important virulence functions that facilitate survival and disease in plants.IMPORTANCEPlant immune systems produce antimicrobial and bacteriostatic conditions in response to bacterial infection. Plant-pathogenic bacteria are adapted to suppress and/or tolerate these conditions; however, the mechanisms controlling these bacterial systems are largely uncharacterized. The work presented here provides a mechanistic explanation for howP. syringaepv. tomato DC3000 coordinates expression of multiple genetic systems, including those dedicated to pathogenicity, in response to environmental conditions. This work demonstrates the scope of AlgU regulation inP. syringaepv. tomato DC3000 and characterizes the promoter sequence regulated by AlgU in these bacteria.

scholarly journals Isolation of copper and streptomycin resistant phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae from lakes and rivers in the central North Island of New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Vanneste ◽  
D.A. Cornish ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
R.J. Boyd ◽  
C.E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Streptomycin Resistance ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Pigment

Plant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae were isolated from lakes and rivers in the central North Island of New Zealand These strains were identified by their ability to produce a fluorescent pigment on a modified Kings B medium by their ability to cause a hypersensitive reaction when infiltrated into tobacco plant and by the absence of a cytochrome c oxidase Different aspects of the protocol used to isolate these strains have been assessed Some of the strains isolated and in some cases the majority of them were resistant to copper and/or streptomycin Significantly these plant pathogenic bacteria were isolated from waterways in areas where no agriculture or horticulture is present and waterways used for crop irrigation These results suggest that natural waterways could be a source of inoculum of plant pathogenic bacteria and a source of genes that confer streptomycin resistance and/or copper resistance to these bacteria

Antibiotic Resistance in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Sundin ◽  
Nian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Continued Use

Antibiotics have been used for the management of relatively few bacterial plant diseases and are largely restricted to high-value fruit crops because of the expense involved. Antibiotic resistance in plant-pathogenic bacteria has become a problem in pathosystems where these antibiotics have been used for many years. Where the genetic basis for resistance has been examined, antibiotic resistance in plant pathogens has most often evolved through the acquisition of a resistance determinant via horizontal gene transfer. For example, the strAB streptomycin-resistance genes occur in Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae, and Xanthomonas campestris, and these genes have presumably been acquired from nonpathogenic epiphytic bacteria colocated on plant hosts under antibiotic selection. We currently lack knowledge of the effect of the microbiome of commensal organisms on the potential of plant pathogens to evolve antibiotic resistance. Such knowledge is critical to the development of robust resistance management strategies to ensure the safe and effective continued use of antibiotics in the management of critically important diseases.

scholarly journals Functional Identification of the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Type I-C CRISPR-Cas System and Its Potential in Gene Editing Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qibing Liu ◽  
Siwei Wang ◽  
Juying Long ◽  
Zhuoyue Chen ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Type I ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Protospacer Adjacent Motif ◽  
New Vision

The type I clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system is one of five adaptive immune systems and exists widely in bacteria and archaea. In this study, we showed that Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) possesses a functional CRISPR system by engineering constructs mimicking its CRISPR cassette. CRISPR array analysis showed that the TTC at the 5′-end of the target sequence is a functional protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) of CRISPR. Guide RNA (gRNA) deletion analysis identified a minimum of 27-bp spacer that was required to ensure successful self-target killing in PXO99A strain. Mutants with deletion of individual Cas genes were constructed to analyze the effects of Cas proteins on mature CRISPR RNA (crRNA), processing intermediates and DNA interference. Results showed that depleting each of the three genes, cas5d, csd1, and csd2 inactivated the pre-crRNA processing, whereas inactivation of cas3 impaired in processing pre-crRNA. Furthermore, the Xoo CRISPR/Cas system was functional in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Collectively, our results would contribute to the functional study of CRISPR/Cas system of Xoo, and also provide a new vision on the use of bacterial endogenous systems as a convenient tool for gene editing.

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