The effect of acute malnutrition on enteric pathogens, moderate-to-severe diarrhoea, and associated mortality in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study cohort: a post-hoc analysis

Abstract Background: Optical diagnosis can replace histopathology of diminutive (1 – 5 mm) polyps if surveillance intervals based on optical diagnosis of polyps have ≥ 90 % agreement with intervals based on polyp histology and if the negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting neoplastic histology in the rectosigmoid is ≥ 90 %. This study aims to assess whether small (6 – 9 mm) polyps can be included in optical diagnosis strategies. Method: This is a post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter study in which 27 endoscopists, all performing endoscopies for the Dutch screening program, were trained in optical diagnosis. For 1 year, endoscopists recorded the predicted histology for all lesions detected using narrow-band imaging during 3144 consecutive colonoscopies after a positive fecal immunochemical test, along with confidence levels. Surveillance interval agreement and NPV were calculated for high confidence predictions for polyps of 1 – 9 mm and compared with histopathology. Surveillance interval agreement was calculated using the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy surveillance guideline. Results: Surveillance interval agreement was 95.4 % (confidence interval [CI] 94.2 % – 96.4 %), and NPV for predicting neoplastic histology in the rectosigmoid 90.0 % (CI 87.3 % – 92.2 %). The reduction in histology (45.9 % vs. 30.5 %) and the proportion of patients who could have received direct surveillance advice (15.6 % vs. 7.3 %) was higher when small polyps were included (P < 0.001). T1 cancer was found in seven small polyps (0.33 %), five of which would have been discarded without histopathology. Conclusion: Including small polyps in the optical diagnosis strategy improves its efficacy while maintaining performance thresholds. However, there is a small risk of missing T1 cancers when small polyps are included in the optical diagnosis strategy.

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Microbial Epidemiology of Acute and Perforated Appendicitis: A Post-Hoc Analysis of an EAST Multicenter Study

Journal of Surgical Research ◽

10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.026 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 269 ◽

pp. 69-75

Author(s):

Khaled Abdul Jawad ◽

Sinong Qian ◽

Georgia Vasileiou ◽

Andreas Larentzakis ◽

Rishi Rattan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multicenter Study ◽

Perforated Appendicitis ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Post Hoc

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Increased risk of malignancy for patients older than 40 years with appendicitis and an appendix wider than 10 mm on computed tomography scan: A post hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter study

Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.surg.2020.05.044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 168 (4) ◽

pp. 701-706

Author(s):

Leon Naar ◽

Peter Kim ◽

Saskya Byerly ◽

Georgia Vasileiou ◽

Hang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Multicenter Study ◽

Computed Tomography Scan ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Malignancy ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Tomography Scan

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Retention in Care and Viral Load Improvement After Discharge Among Hospitalized Out-of-Care People With HIV Infection: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Kellee English ◽

Sarah B May ◽

Jessica A Davila ◽

Jeffrey A Cully ◽

Lilian Dindo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Drug Use ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Retention In Care ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Post Hoc

Abstract Background Understanding factors influencing retention in care (RIC) and viral load improvement (VLI) in people with HIV (PWH) who are out of care and hospitalized will assist in intervention development for this vulnerable population. Methods The study was a post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data. Hospitalized participants were enrolled if they were newly diagnosed with HIV during the hospitalization or out of HIV care. Participants completed surveys at baseline and 6 months postenrollment and laboratory studies of viral load (VL). Outcomes were RIC (2 completed visits, 1 within 30 days of discharge) and VLI (VL <400 or at least a 1-log10 decrease) 6 months after discharge. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted examining the contributions of predisposing, enabling, and need factors to outcomes. Results The study cohort included 417 participants enrolled between 2010 and 2013. The population was 73% male, 67% non-Hispanic black, 19% Hispanic, and 70% uninsured. Sixty-five percent had a baseline CD4 <200 cells/mm3, 79% had a VL >400 copies/mL or missing, and the population was generally poor with low educational attainment. After discharge from the hospital, 60% did not meet the definition for RIC, and 49% did not have VLI. Modifiable factors associated with the outcomes include drug use (including marijuana alone and other drugs), life instability (eg, housing, employment, and life chaos), and using avoidance coping strategies in coping with HIV. Conclusions Hospitalized out-of-care PWH in the United States are at high risk of poor re-engagement in care after discharge. Interventions for this population should focus on improving socioeconomic stability and coping with HIV and reducing drug use.

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