THE EARLIEST SHELL FISHHOOKS FROM THE AMERICAS REVEAL FISHING TECHNOLOGY OF PLEISTOCENE MARITIME FORAGERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Des Lauriers ◽  
Loren G. Davis ◽  
J. Turnbull ◽  
John R. Southon ◽  
R. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Line Technology ◽  
Marine Fishing

While the North American archaeological record signals the presence of early humans along the northeastern Pacific coast by the Late Pleistocene, we know little about the technological systems employed by these coastally oriented colonizing groups. We here report the discovery of the earliest unequivocal evidence for the use and manufacture of shell fishhooks in the western hemisphere. Four single-piece shell fishhooks dating to the terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene transition (between ~11,300 and 10,700 cal B.P.) have been excavated on Isla Cedros, Baja California, Mexico. One hook is directly dated at 9495 ± 25 B.P. with a marine reservoir–corrected age of 11,165–9185 cal B.P. Radiocarbon ages associated with three other shell fishhooks range between 8900 ± 25 B.P. and 10,415 ± 25 B.P, while median ages for the earliest contexts confirm occupation of the island by at least 12,600–12,000 cal B.P. The stratigraphic levels from which the fishhooks were recovered contained a diverse assemblage of fish remains, including deepwater species, indicative of boat use. Thus, some of the earliest known inhabitants of the Pacific coast of the Americas employed shell hook and line technology for offshore marine fishing at least by the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, if not earlier.

Paleocoastal Marine Fishing on the Pacific Coast of the Americas: Perspectives from Daisy Cave, California

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Jon M. Erlandson ◽  
René L. Vellanoweth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Marine Fishing

Analysis of over 27,000 fish bones from strata at Daisy Cave dated between about 11,500 and 8500 cal B.P. suggests that early Channel Islanders fished relatively intensively in a variety of habitats using a number of distinct technologies, including boats and the earliest evidence for hook-and-line fishing on the Pacific Coast of the Americas. The abundance of fish remains and fishing-related artifacts supports dietary reconstructions that suggest fish provided more than 50 percent of the edible meat represented in faunal samples from the early Holocene site strata. The abundance and economic importance of fish at Daisy Cave, unprecedented among early sites along the Pacific Coast of North America, suggest that early maritime capabilities on the Channel Islands were both more advanced and more variable than previously believed. When combined with a survey of fish remains from several other early Pacific Coast sites, these data suggest that early New World peoples effectively used watercraft, captured a diverse array of fish, and exploited a variety of marine habitats and resources.

War stimulus: The Japanese threat and rebirth of the North America Pacific Coast shipbuilding industry, 1937-1946

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-411
Author(s):  
Chris Madsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strategic Procurement

Henry Eccles, in classic studies on logistics, describes the dynamics of strategic procurement in the supply chain stretching from home countries to military theatres of operations. Naval authorities and industrialists concerned with Japanese aggression before and after Pearl Harbor looked towards developing shipbuilding capacity on North America’s Pacific Coast. The region turned into a volume producer of merchant vessels, warships and auxiliaries destined for service in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Shipbuilding involved four broad categories of companies in the United States and Canada that enabled the tremendous production effort.

The biogeography of origin and radiation: dendrasterid sand dollars in the northeastern Pacific

Paleobiology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Beadle
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Sand Dollar ◽  
Central California ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Transitional Forms ◽  
Sand Dollars ◽  
And Behavior

Under favorable circumstances, biogeographic and biostratigraphic data can be combined to identify accurately the time and place of origin of a given taxon, and to reconstruct the pattern of its subsequent radiation. This study considers the dendrasterid sand dollars, which are abundant today along the Pacific Coast of North America. The Neogene sand dollar record in this region is particularly good; in fact, sand dollars have traditionally been used as provincial index fossils.The dendrasterids originated in central California at the end of the Miocene; the oldest forms are dated at about 6.0–6.5 Ma. They spread south to Baja California during the Pliocene, and then north to Alaska during the Quaternary. This historical pattern is not an artifact of the record; it is consistent with independent paleogeographic evidence. The dendrasterids supplanted an older Mio-Pliocene sand dollar fauna; they are now completely dominant in the temperate coastal waters of the northeastern Pacific. They have reached this position in less than 7 m.y. since their first local appearance. The rapid rise of dendrasterids could be related to their aberrant morphology and behavior; these adaptations allow dendrasterids to suspension-feed, in a manner unique among living echinoids.Dendrasterids are characterized by “eccentric” test morphologies. Even the oldest species are highly eccentric; transitional forms are unknown. The first dendrasterids appear suddenly in the provincial “Jacalitos Stage,” above an unconformity which represents no more than about 1 m.y. They do not occur in the underlying units, although other fossil sand dollars are abundant. The dendrasterids may have arisen rapidly, through a heterochronic change in the development of older, noneccentric forms. Recent ontogenetic studies have documented the feasibility of this process.

Phylogeography of black bears (Ursus americanus) of the Pacific Northwest

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D Stone ◽  
Joseph A Cook
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Control

Phylogeographic study across codistributed taxa provides temporal and spatial perspectives on the assemblage of communities. A repeated pattern of intraspecific diversification within several taxa of the Pacific Northwest has been documented, and we contribute additional information to this growing data set. We analyzed variation in two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and control region) for the black bear (Ursus americanus) and expand previous analyses of phylogeographic variation. Two lineages (coastal and continental) exist; the coastal lineage extends along the Pacific coast from the Takhin River north of Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska, to northern California, whereas the continental lineage is more widespread, occurring from central Alaska to the east coast. Both lineages occur along the coast of southeast Alaska, where interlineage divergence ranged from 3.1 to 3.6% (uncorrected p distances). Multiple lineages of other species have also been identified from southeast Alaska, indicating a complex history for the assembly of biotic communities along the North Pacific coast. The overlapping of the distributions of the black bear lineages with those of other birds and mammals suggests comparable routes of colonization.

Definition of the Genus Grammonota (Araneae: Erigonidae), with Descriptions of Seven New Species

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Dondale
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
James Bay ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

Grammonota Emerton, 1882, is one of the many uniform genera that constitute the large and complex family Erigonidae. All of the 28 species and one subspecies recognized by the present writer are American in range, and representatives occur from southwestern Alaska and James Bay in the north to Central America and the West Indies. A few species are arctic-alpine, or are restricted to the Pacific coast, but most occur east of the Rocky Mountains from southern Canada to the Gulf States.

REVIEW OF THE TREMATODE GENERA BACCIGER AND PENTAGRAMMA (FELLODISTOMATIDAE) AND DESCRIPTION OF P. PETROWI (LAYMAN, 1930) N. COMB. FROM MARINE FISHES FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Margolis ◽  
Hilda Lei Ching
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Type B ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Region ◽  
The North Pacific

The generic diagnoses of Bacciger and Pentagramma are emended. Recognized as members of the genus Bacciger are the type, B. bacciger (Rudolphi, 1819), from the Mediterranean, Black, and Azov Seas; B. nicolli Palombi, 1934, from Atlantic waters near the British Isles; and B. opisthonemae Nahhas and Cable, 1964, from Jamaican waters. Pentagramma consist of P. symmetricum Chnlkova, 1939, the type, from the Black and Azov Seas and P. petrowi (Layman, 1930) n. comb, from the northern part of the North Pacific region. Synonyms of P. petrowi are Monorcheides(?) petrowi Layman, 1930: Orientophorus sayori Yamaguti, 1942; Faustula sayori (Yamaguti, 1942); Orientophorus petrowi (Layman, 1930); and Bacciger petrowi (Layman, 1930). Pentagramma petrowi is redescribed and additional details of morphology are included for P. symmetricum, B. bacciger, and B. nicolli. Measurements of the species discussed and extensive host and locality records are tabulated.

Interpreting archaeological fish remains

Antiquity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (337) ◽  
pp. 890-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Erlandson
Keyword(s):  
Fish Bone ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Pelagic Fishing ◽  
Marine Fishing

In an important paper, O'Connor et al. (2011) described evidence for marine fishing from around 42 000-year-old (cal BP) deposits at Jerimalai Shelter on Timor-Leste. The paper's title referred to evidence for pelagic fishing and the maritime skills of anatomically modern humans (AMH). Considering that not long ago human seafaring and marine fishing were considered to be limited to the terminal Pleistocene or early Holocene (see Erlandson 2001), the paper's broader significance lies in the further evidence for Pleistocene voyaging required to colonise Timor-Leste and the quantities of fish bone that represent a substantial marine fishing effort at a relatively early date.

Annual Meeting of the (American) African Studies Association

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Helen Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Middle West ◽  
The University

The membership of the African Studies Association now numbers 1,731— 734 fellows, 618 associates, and 379 student associates. Some 700 of these participated in the eleventh annual meeting of the Association. Although attendance was considerably below the 1,300 registered at the New York Hilton in 1967 and the nearly 1,000 who made their way to the University of Indiana in 1966, there is no indication that this reflects a declining interest in African studies in the United States. Rather, the A.S.A. custom of bringing its annual meetings in turn to scholars in the north-east, on the Pacific coast, and in the Middle West results in predictable fluctations in registration.

scholarly journals A new species of Placiphorella (Polyplacophora: Mopaliidae) from the North American Pacific coast

The Festivus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Roger Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
A New Species

A new deep-sea chiton of the genus Placiphorella Dall, 1879, Placiporella laurae n. sp. is described from the Pacific coast of North America. It is compared with its congener Placiphorella pacifica Berry, 1919, from which it differs primarily by having granular valves, lacking false beaks, a papillose girdle, and the characteristics of its girdle spicules

Mexico and the Pacific

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Mexican American ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Porfirio Diaz ◽  
Mexican American War ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific

Called “Mar del Sur” [South Sea] when first spotted by Balboa in 1513 and dubbed “Mar Pacifíco” [Peaceful Calm Sea] by Ferdinand Magellan in 1520, the historical relationship between the Pacific Ocean and the people of Mexico is multilayered and dynamic. During the Spanish colonial era (1521–1821), the viceroyalty of New Spain (Nueva España) supervised the Asian and Polynesian colonies of the Philippines and Guam (and briefly Taiwan and the Spice island of Ternate) across the Pacific. Acapulco became a mythical emporium of exotic luxury supplied by the galleons from Manila that for 250 years tied Asia to the Iberian New World. Beyond this famous port, littoral native communities dotting the Pacific coast, from Oaxaca in the south to the forty-second parallel of Alta California in the north, gradually fell under Spanish secular and religious control. The enormous coastline measured approximately 5,400 miles, more than double the length of seaside territory facing the Gulf of Mexico. Following the War of Mexican Independence (1810–1821), the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) emerged. For the next fifty years, Mexico experienced domestic political instability exacerbated by wars against the United States (Mexican-American War, 1846–1848) and France (1862–1867). When political order was finally established under the regime of Porfirio Díaz (1876–1910), regionalism was confronted by the centrifugal power of a modernizing, technocratic state. Despite losing 840 miles of California coastline, and a lucrative trade route with Manila, in the Mexican-American War, Mexico’s Pacific littoral in the south grew to incorporate the formerly Guatemalan territory of Chiapas, and a new shipping network evolved. Traditional research on pueblos, cities, or states along the Pacific coast emphasizes purely local or regional contexts within the colonial or independent Mexican state; or it is grouped thematically into studies about the galleon trade or California mission settlements. Recent scholarship is encouraging a more balanced approach, accentuating the many threads that wove a rich tapestry of Mexico’s unique relationship with the “Pacific World” (as opposed to the more popular “Atlantic World”); not only in a nationalist framework, but with inter-American and trans-Pacific or global dimensions.

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