Who Writes about Archaeology? An Intersectional Study of Authorship in Archaeological Journals

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Heath-Stout
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Archaeological Knowledge ◽  
Equity And Inclusion ◽  
Binary Gender ◽  
Demographic Variation

Since the 1980s, activist archaeologists have used quantitative studies of journal authorship to show that the demographics of archaeological knowledge production are homogeneous. This literature, however, focuses almost exclusively on the gender of archaeologists, without deeply engaging with other forms of identity or adequately addressing the methodological limitations of assigning binary gender identifications based on first names. This paper rectifies these limitations through an intersectional study of inequities in academic archaeological publications by presenting the results of a survey of authors who published in 21 archaeology journals over a 10-year period (2007–2016). This survey asked them to provide their self-identifications in terms of gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. The results demonstrate that although there has been an influx of women archaeologists in recent decades, we have not yet reached gender parity. They also show that because many women archaeologists are cisgender, white, and heterosexual, the discipline's knowledge producers remain relatively homogeneous. Furthermore, although there is demographic variation between journals, there is a strong correlation between journal prestige and the percentage of authors who are straight, white, cisgender men. This intersectional study of journal authorship demographics provides a comprehensive perspective on issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the discipline of archaeology.

scholarly journals “Being a Person of Color in This Institution Is Exhausting”: Defining and Optimizing the Learning Climate to Support Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the University of Washington School of Public Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Gwayi-Chore ◽  
Erika Lorenzana Del Villar ◽  
Lucia Chavez Fraire ◽  
Chloe Waters ◽  
Michele P. Andrasik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
White Male ◽  
Learning Climate ◽  
University Of Washington ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
School Of Public Health ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The University ◽  
Equity And Inclusion

Learning climate greatly affects student achievement. This qualitative study aimed to understand community definitions of climate; share lived experiences of students, faculty, and staff; and define priority areas of improvement in the University of Washington School of Public Health (UWSPH). Between March-May 2019, 17 focus group discussions were conducted–stratified by role and self-identified race/ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation–among 28 faculty/staff and 36 students. Topics included: assessing the current climate, recounting experiences related to roles and identities, and recommending improvements. Transcripts were coded using deductive and inductive approaches. Race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation appeared to affect perceptions of the climate, with nearly all respondents from underrepresented or minoritized groups recounting negative experiences related to their identity. Persons of color, women, and other respondents who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) frequently perceived the climate as “uncomfortable.” Most felt that UWSPH operates within a structural hierarchy that perpetuates white, male, and/or class privilege and “protects those in power” while leaving underrepresented or minoritized groups feeling like “the way to move up… is to conform” in order to not be seen as “someone pushing against the system.” Improvement priorities included: increasing community responsiveness to diversity, equity, and inclusion; intentionally diversifying faculty/staff and student populations; designing inclusive curricula; and supporting underrepresented or minoritized groups academically, professionally, and psychologically.

scholarly journals Family multilingualism from a southern perspective: Language ideologies and practices of Brazilian parents in Norway

Multilingua ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lomeu Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Global South ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Epistemic Justice ◽  
Intercultural Encounters ◽  
Race Ethnicity

AbstractThis article derives from a three-year ethnographic project carried out in Norway focusing on language practices of Brazilian families raising their children multilingually. Analyses of interview data with two Brazilian parents demonstrate the relevance of examining intersectionally the participants’ orientation to categorisations such as social class, gender, and race/ethnicity. Additionally, I explore how parents make sense of their transnational, multilingual experiences, and the extent to which these experiences inform the language-related decisions they make in the home. Advancing family multilingualism research in a novel direction, I employ a southern perspective as an analytical position that: (i) assumes the situatedness of knowledge production; (ii) aims at increasing social and epistemic justice; (iii) opposes the dominance of Western-centric epistemologies; and (iv) sees the global South as a political location, not necessarily geographic, but with many overlaps. Finally, I draw on the notions of intercultural translation and equivocation to discuss the intercultural encounters parents reported. The overarching argument of this article is that forging a southern perspective from which to analyse parental language practices and beliefs offers a theoretical framework that can better address the issues engendered by parents engaged in South–North transnational, multilingual practices.

scholarly journals The target/perpetrator brief-implicit association test (B-IAT): an implicit instrument for efficiently measuring discrimination based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, weight, and age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Marini ◽  
Pamela D. Waterman ◽  
Emry Breedlove ◽  
Jarvis T. Chen ◽  
Christian Testa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Abstract Background To date, research assessing discrimination has employed primarily explicit measures (i.e., self-reports), which can be subject to intentional and social desirability processes. Only a few studies, focusing on sex and race/ethnicity discrimination, have relied on implicit measures (i.e., Implicit Association Test, IAT), which permit assessing mental representations that are outside of conscious control. This study aims to advance measurement of discrimination by extending the application of implicit measures to multiple types of discrimination and optimizing the time required for the administration of these instruments. Methods Between September 27th 2019 and February 9th 2020, we conducted six experiments (984 participants) to assess implicit and explicit discrimination based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, weight, and age. Implicit discrimination was measured by using the Brief-Implicit Association Test (B-IAT), a new validated version of the IAT developed to shorten the time needed (from ≈15 to ≈2 min) to assess implicit mental representations, while explicit discrimination was assessed using self-reported items. Results Among participants (mean age = 37.8), 68.6% were White Non-Hispanic; 69% were females; 76.1% were heterosexual; 90.7% were gender conforming; 52.8% were medium weight; and 41.5% had an advanced level of education. Overall, we found implicit and explicit recognition of discrimination towards all the target groups (stronger for members of the target than dominant groups). Some exceptions emerged in experiments investigating race/ethnicity and weight discrimination. In the racism experiment, only people of Color showed an implicit recognition of discrimination towards the target group, while White people were neutral. In the fatphobia experiment, participants who were not heavy showed a slight implicit recognition of discrimination towards the dominant group, while heavy participants were neutral. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the B-IAT is a valuable tool for quickly assessing multiple types of implicit discrimination. It shows also that implicit and explicit measures can display diverging results, thus indicating that research would benefit from the use of both these instruments. These results have important implications for the assessment of discrimination in health research as well as in social and psychological science.

Testing Mark-all-that-apply Measures of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Field Methods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Brenner ◽  
Justine Bulgar-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender

Many social identities (e.g., race, ethnicity) are measured using mark-all-that-apply (MATA) questions because they allow survey respondents to account for the multiple, nonexclusive ways in which they identify themselves. We test the use of MATA measures of sexual orientation and gender identity and compare them with forced choice (FC), an alternative format using a series of yes-or-no questions. Respondents, including an oversample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) individuals, participated in a 2 × 3 factorial survey experiment. For the first factor, we hypothesize that respondents randomly assigned to FC will report a higher count of identities than those assigned to MATA. For the second factor, we hypothesize that increased topic salience will help LGBQ respondents in particular to overcome poor question design. Findings suggest that MATA and FC measure comparably when question writing best practices are followed, but topic salience can yield higher data quality when poorly formatted questions are used.

Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation of Editors at Leading Medical and Scientific Journals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Salazar ◽  
Jennifer D. Claytor ◽  
Anand R. Habib ◽  
Vinay Guduguntla ◽  
Rita F. Redberg
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Race Ethnicity

scholarly journals A scoping review on disparities in exposure to advertising for e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products and implications for advancing a health equity research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziele Grilo ◽  
Elizabeth Crespi ◽  
Joanna E. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Advertising And Promotion ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Abstract Background Disparities in exposure to and density of tobacco advertising are well established; however, it is still unclear how e-cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) advertising vary by age, education, sex, gender identity, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status (SES), and/or urban/rural area. Through a scoping review, we sought to identify potential disparities in exposure to e-cigarette and HTP advertising and promotion across populations. Methods In January 2020, a systematic literature search was conducted in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The search was updated in October 2020. Articles reporting on exposure to e-cigarette and/or HTP advertising and promotion across age, education, sex, gender identity, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, SES, and/or urban/rural areas were included for full-text review (n = 25). Of those, 15 were deemed relevant for data extraction. Results The majority of the studies were from the U.S. (n = 12) and cross-sectional (n = 14). Studies were published between 2014 and 2020 and focused on determining causal relationships that underlie disparities; only one study assessed HTP advertising and promotion. Exposure to e-cigarette and HTP advertising was assessed at the individual-level (e.g., recall seeing ads on television) and at the neighborhood-level (e.g., ad density at the point-of-sale). Studies addressed differences across age (n = 6), education (n = 2), sex (n = 6), gender identity and sexual orientation (n = 3), race/ethnicity (n = 11), SES (n = 5), and urban/rural (n = 2). The following populations were more likely to be exposed to e-cigarette advertising: youth, those with more than a high school diploma, males, sexual and gender minorities, Whites, and urban residents. At the neighborhood-level, e-cigarette advertisements were more prevalent in non-White neighborhoods. Conclusions Exposure to e-cigarette/HTP advertising varies based on sociodemographic characteristics, although the literature is limited especially regarding HTPs. Higher exposure among youth might increase tobacco-related disparities since it can lead to nicotine/tobacco use. Research should incorporate and apply a health equity lens from its inception to obtain data to inform the elimination of those disparities.

Abstract P283: Disparities in Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease by Sexual Orientation and Race/Ethnicity: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari J Clark ◽  
Iris W Borowsky ◽  
Alvaro Alonso ◽  
Rachael A Spencer ◽  
Susan A Everson-Rose
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be higher in sexual minorities, but epidemiologic evidence is sparse. We used a nationally representative sample of young adults to examine sex-specific disparities in global CVD risk by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Methods: Data were from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health subjects who participated in wave 4 (2008-09) and who had valid weights and non-missing data (7087 women; 6340 men). Age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, financial stress, and CVD risk factors (body mass index, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and use of antihypertensive medication) were collected via an in-home interview. We calculated the 30-Year risk for total CVD using a Framingham-based prediction model. Sex-specific differences in 30-year risk of CVD by sexual orientation were calculated with weighted linear models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, and financial distress. Sex-specific interactions between race/ethnicity and sexual orientation were tested. Results: Mean age was 28.9 ± .2 years; 93% (n=5912) of male participants were heterosexual, 4% (n=258) were bisexual, and 2% (n=170) were gay. 80% (n=5713) of female participants were heterosexual, 18% (n=1243) were bisexual, and 2% (n=131) were lesbian. Average 30-year risk of CVD was 17.2 ± .5% in men and 9.0 ± .3% in women. Differences in CVD risk by sexual orientation were not detectable for men (p=.59). Compared to heterosexual women, bisexual and lesbian women had a .9% (95% CI: .3, 1.4) and 2.0% (95% CI: .7, 3.2) higher risk of CVD, respectively. In race/ethnicity stratified models (interaction p-value=.01), an increased risk among sexual minorities, especially lesbians, was detectable except among Hispanic women (Figure). Conclusion: Disparities in global CVD risk were observed by sexual orientation for women and persisted across most racial/ethnic groups. Sexual orientation may be a marker of increased risk of CVD but more research on contributing factors is needed.

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