Exploring Patterns of Change Processes Over Distinct In-Treatment Phases of Cognitive and Exposure Therapies for Electronic Gaming Machine Problem Gamblers

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Smith ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Rene Pols ◽  
Peter Harvey ◽  
Malcolm Battersby
Keyword(s):  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Problem Gambler ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Gambling Cognitions ◽  
Psychobiological Approach

AbstractLittle is known about the change processes in gambling disorder-specific cognitive therapy (CT) and exposure therapy (ET). These therapies are underpinned by the cognitive approach (i.e., restructuring gambling cognitions) and the psychobiological approach (i.e., elimination of gambling urges) to treating problem gambling. Here, piecewise-linear modelling is used in a secondary analysis of randomised trial data for a CT group (n = 44) versus an ET group (n = 43) with the aim to open a discourse on how individuals respond to CT and ET relative to theory. Measures were administered between therapy sessions (average = 6.2 per individual) across 18 weeks for gambling urge (GUS) and gambling cognitions (GRCS). Results indicated the ET group had a stronger reduction in GUS (p < .01) in the first 4 weeks of treatment. Between 4–12 weeks, improvement in GUS (p < .01) and GRCS (p = .02) was more rapid in the CT group. Both groups experienced comparable improvements from 12–18 weeks. These findings have implications for further treatment development, including a combined cognitive and exposure approach that is flexibly adapted to the patient. A larger trial is needed to formally establish change processes and identify differences in problem gambler subgroups. This would provide therapists capacity to offer each patient a clear direction and an expedited pathway to their preferred outcome.

scholarly journals Effect of the good school toolkit on school staff mental health, sense of job satisfaction and perceptions of school climate: Secondary analysis of a cluster randomised trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kayiwa ◽  
Kelly Clarke ◽  
Louise Knight ◽  
Elizabeth Allen ◽  
Eddy Walakira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
School Climate ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Good School ◽  
Perceptions Of School

scholarly journals Association between insulin resistance and preeclampsia in obese non-diabetic women receiving metformin

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Balani ◽  
Steve Hyer ◽  
Argyro Syngelaki ◽  
Ranjit Akolekar ◽  
Kypros H Nicolaides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Metformin Group ◽  
History Of

Objectives To examine whether the reduced incidence of preeclampsia in non-diabetic obese pregnant women treated with metformin is mediated by changes in insulin resistance. Methods This was a secondary analysis of obese pregnant women in a randomised trial (MOP trial). Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured in 384 of the 400 women who participated in the MOP trial. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was compared in the metformin and placebo groups and in those that developed preeclampsia versus those that did not develop preeclampsia. Results At 28 weeks, median HOMA-IR was significantly lower in the metformin group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there was a significant contribution in the prediction of preeclampsia from maternal history of chronic hypertension and gestational weight gain, but not HOMA-IR either at randomisation ( p = 0.514) or at 28 weeks ( p = 0.643). Conclusions Reduced incidence of preeclampsia in non-diabetic obese pregnant women treated with metformin is unlikely to be due to changes in insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Restenosis and risk of stroke after stenting or endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS): secondary analysis of a randomised trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo H Bonati ◽  
John Gregson ◽  
Joanna Dobson ◽  
Dominick J H McCabe ◽  
Paul J Nederkoorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Carotid Stenting ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis

Effects of tactile stimulation on spontaneous breathing during face mask ventilation

2021 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2021-322989
Author(s):  
Vincent D Gaertner ◽  
Christoph Martin Rüegger ◽  
Dirk Bassler ◽  
Eoin O'Currain ◽  
C Omar Farouk Kamlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Prospective Randomised Trial

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the effect of stimulation during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) on the number of spontaneous breaths, exhaled tidal volume (VTe), mask leak and obstruction.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective, randomised trial comparing two face masks.SettingSingle-centre delivery room study.PatientsNewborn infants ≥34 weeks’ gestation at birth.MethodsResuscitations were video recorded. Tactile stimulations during PPV were noted and the timing, duration and surface area of applied stimulus were recorded. Respiratory flow waveforms were evaluated to determine the number of spontaneous breaths, VTe, leak and obstruction. Variables were recorded throughout each tactile stimulation episode and compared with those recorded in the same time period immediately before stimulation.ResultsTwenty of 40 infants received tactile stimulation during PPV and we recorded 57 stimulations during PPV. During stimulation, the number of spontaneous breaths increased (median difference (IQR): 1 breath (0–3); padj<0.001) and VTe increased (0.5 mL/kg (−0.5 to 1.7), padj=0.028), whereas mask leak (0% (−20 to 1), padj=0.12) and percentage of obstructed inflations (0% (0–0), padj=0.14) did not change, compared with the period immediately prior to stimulation. Increased duration of stimulation (padj<0.001) and surface area of applied stimulus (padj=0.026) were associated with a larger increase in spontaneous breaths in response to tactile stimulation.ConclusionsTactile stimulation during PPV was associated with an increase in the number of spontaneous breaths compared with immediately before stimulation without a change in mask leak and obstruction. These data inform the discussion on continuing stimulation during PPV in term infants.Trial registration numberAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12616000768493).

scholarly journals Influence of induction chemotherapy in trimodality therapy-eligible oesophageal cancer patients: secondary analysis of a randomised trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Yusuke Shimodaira ◽  
Rebecca S Slack ◽  
Kazuto Harada ◽  
Hsiang-Chun Chen ◽  
Tara Sagebiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Trimodality Therapy

scholarly journals Randomised Trial of Planned Caesarean Section Prior to Versus after 39 Weeks: Unscheduled Deliveries and Facility Logistics - A Secondary Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e84744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Glavind ◽  
Tine Brink Henriksen ◽  
Sara Fevre Kindberg ◽  
Niels Uldbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Facility Logistics

scholarly journals Sociological variety and the transmission efficiency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a secondary analysis of qualitative and quantitative data from 15 communities in Zambia

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e047136
Author(s):  
Emma J Murray ◽  
Peter J Dodd ◽  
Ben Marais ◽  
Helen Ayles ◽  
Kwame Shanaube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Lower Transmission ◽  
Formed Part

ObjectivesSelected Zambian communities formed part of a cluster randomised trial: the Zambia and South Africa TB and AIDS Reduction study (ZAMSTAR). There was wide variability in the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis (TB) disease across these communities. We sought to clarify whether specific communities could have been more/less vulnerable to M. tuberculosis transmission as a result of sociological variety relevant to transmission efficiency.DesignWe conducted a mixed methods secondary analysis using existing data sets. First, we analysed qualitative data to categorise and synthesise patterns of socio-spatial engagement across communities. Second, we compared emergent sociological variables with a measure of transmission efficiency: the ratio of the annual risk of infection to TB prevalence.SettingZAMSTAR communities in urban and peri-urban Zambia, spanning five provinces.ParticipantsFifteen communities, each served by a health facility offering TB treatment to a population of at least 25 000. TB notification rates were at least 400 per 100 000 per annum and HIV seroprevalence was estimated to be high.ResultsCrowding, movement, livelihoods and participation in recreational activity differed across communities. Based on 12 socio-spatial indicators, communities were qualitatively classified as more/less spatially crowded and as more/less socially ‘open’ to contact with others, with implications for the presumptive risk of M. tuberculosis transmission. For example, watching video shows in poorly ventilated structures posed a presumptive risk in more socially open communities, while outdoor farming and/or fishing were particularly widespread in communities with lower transmission measures.ConclusionsA dual dynamic of ‘social permeability’ and crowding appeared relevant to disparities in M. tuberculosis transmission efficiency. To reduce transmission, certain socio-spatial aspects could be adjusted (eg, increasing ventilation on transport), while more structural aspects are less malleable (eg, reliance on public transport). We recommend integrating community level typologies with genome sequencing techniques to further explore the significance of ‘social permeability’.Trial registration numberISRCTN36729271.

scholarly journals Application of the matched nested case-control design to the secondary analysis of trial data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Partlett ◽  
Nigel J Hall ◽  
Alison Leaf ◽  
Edmund Juszczak ◽  
Louise Linsell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: A nested case-control study is an efficient design that can be embedded within an existing cohort study or randomised trial. It has a number of advantages compared to the conventional case-control design, and has the potential to answer important research questions using untapped prospectively collected data.Methods: We demonstrate the utility of the matched nested case-control design by applying it to a secondary analysis of the Abnormal Doppler Enteral Prescription Trial. We investigated the role of milk feed type and changes in milk feed type in the development of necrotising enterocolitis in a group of 398 high risk growth-restricted preterm infants. Results: Using matching, we were able to generate a comparable sample of controls selected from the same population as the cases. In contrast to the standard case-control design, exposure status was ascertained prior to the outcome event occurring and the comparison between the cases and matched controls could be made at the point at which the event occurred. This enabled us to reliably investigate the temporal relationship between feed type and NEC. Conclusions: A matched nested case-control study can be used to identify credible associations in a secondary analysis of clinical trial data where the exposure of interest was not randomised, and has several advantages over a standard case-control design. This method offers the potential to make reliable inferences in scenarios where it would be unethical or impractical to perform a randomised clinical trial.

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