Testing the efficiency of global-scale conservation planning by using data on Andean amphibians

2001 ◽  
pp. 50-78
Author(s):  
Don R. Church ◽  
Claude Gascon ◽  
Megan Van Fossen ◽  
Grisel Velasquez ◽  
Luis A. Solorzano
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Using Data

scholarly journals Global‐ and Local‐Scale High‐Resolution Event Catalogs for Algorithm Testing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Linville ◽  
Ronald Chip Brogan ◽  
Christopher Young ◽  
Katherine Anderson Aur
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Algorithm Performance ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
Event Sequences ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
International Monitoring ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The University ◽  
Global And Local

ABSTRACT During the development of new seismic data processing methods, the verification of potential events and associated signals can present a nontrivial obstacle to the assessment of algorithm performance, especially as detection thresholds are lowered, resulting in the inclusion of significantly more anthropogenic signals. Here, we present two 14 day seismic event catalogs, a local‐scale catalog developed using data from the University of Utah Seismograph Stations network, and a global‐scale catalog developed using data from the International Monitoring System. Each catalog was built manually to comprehensively identify events from all sources that were locatable using phase arrival timing and directional information from seismic network stations, resulting in significant increases compared to existing catalogs. The new catalogs additionally contain challenging event sequences (prolific aftershocks and small events at the detection and location threshold) and novel event types and sources (e.g., infrasound only events and long‐wall mining events) that make them useful for algorithm testing and development, as well as valuable for the unique tectonic and anthropogenic event sequences they contain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Sensitivity of SMOS L-VOD to Forest Above-Ground Biomass at Global Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Arnaud Mialon ◽  
Nemesio J. Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Maurizio Santoro ◽  
Sassan Saatchi ◽  
Stéphane Mermoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Ocean Salinity ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Tropics

The present study evaluates the L band Vegetation Optical Depth (L-VOD) derived from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite to monitor Above Ground Biomass (AGB) at a global scale. Although SMOS L-VOD has been shown to be a good proxy for AGB in Africa and Tropics, little is known about this relationship at large scale. In this study, we further examine this relationship at a global scale using the latest AGB maps from Saatchi et al. and GlobBiomass computed using data acquired during the SMOS period. We show that at a global scale the L-VOD from SMOS is well-correlated with the AGB estimates from Saatchi et al. and GlobBiomass with the Pearson’s correlation coefficients (R) of 0.91 and 0.94 respectively. Although AGB estimates in Africa and the Tropics are well-captured by SMOS L-VOD (R > 0.9), the relationship is less straightforward for the dense forests over the northern latitudes (R = 0.32 and 0.69 with Saatchi et al. and GlobBiomass respectively). This paper gives strong evidence in support of the sensitivity of SMOS L-VOD to AGB estimates at a globale scale, providing an interesting alternative and complement to exisiting sensors for monitoring biomass evolution. These findings can further facilitate research on biomass now that SMOS is providing more than 10 years of data.

scholarly journals Assessing Reseller Performance from the Perspective of the Supplier

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmalya Kumar ◽  
Louis W. Stern ◽  
Ravi S. Achrol
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Organizational Effectiveness ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Using Data

The objective of the authors’ study was to develop a reliable and valid scale to assess reseller performance from the perspective of the supplier. To specify the domain of reseller performance, four different conceptualizations of organizational effectiveness were explored, leading to the identification of eight facets of reseller performance. Using data collected on the resellers of two different suppliers, the authors investigated the reliability and validity of three different types of scales—facet, composite, and global. Results indicate that two composite scales, a 5-item global scale, and seven 3-item facet scales have acceptable levels of reliability, construct validity, and generalizability.

scholarly journals IASI spectral radiance validation inter-comparisons: case study assessment from the JAIVEx field campaign

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Larar ◽  
W. L. Smith ◽  
D. K. Zhou ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
H. Revercomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with well-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled.

scholarly journals A Singular Concept of Biodiversity Remains the Best Way to Address the Plural Values of Nature in Conservation Planning

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Faith
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
Early Case ◽  
Global Values ◽  
Effective Integration

The term “biodiversity” generally refers to living variation. Biodiversity has recognized anthropocentric values of insurance and investment. Values of “nature” include those of biodiversity and also many other aspects reflecting the scope of human-nature relationships. Systematic conservation planning methods can integrate this range of local to global values. Early case studies in Australia and Papua New Guinea show the potential for such approaches. Recently, there have been calls for a recasting of the concept of biodiversity to capture plurality of values. However, balance among sometimes conflicting values of nature is best-served by a singular biodiversity concept and definition focused on variety, because this enables effective integration with other values of nature. Attempts at pluralistic recastings of biodiversity in fact may promote neglect of global biodiversity values. Further, an extended analysis of the Papua New Guinea case study shows that it cannot be argued that focusing on localized values of nature for conservation will effectively address regional/global scale conservation needs.

scholarly journals Comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wern Hann Ng ◽  
Thomas Tipih ◽  
Nigel A. Makoah ◽  
Jan-G Vermeulen ◽  
Dominique Goedhals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread across the globe at unprecedented speed and is showing no signs of slowing down. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to significant health burden in infected patients especially in those with underlying comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between comorbidities and their role in the exacerbation of disease in COVID-19 patients leading to fatal outcomes. A systematic review was conducted using data from MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases published from 1 December 2019 to 15 September 2020. Fifty-three articles were included in the systematic review. Of those 53 articles, 8 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus were identified to be the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. Our meta-analysis showed that cancer, chronic kidney diseases, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were independently associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Chronic kidney disease was statistically the most prominent comorbidity leading to death. However, despite having high prevalence, obesity was not associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. IMPORTANCE COVID-19 has plagued the world since it was first identified in December 2019. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis were limited by various factors such as the usage of non-peer reviewed data and were also limited by the lack of clinical data on a global scale. Comorbidities are frequently cited as risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, the degree to which specific comorbidities impact the disease is debatable. Our study selection involves a global reach and covers all comorbidities that were reported to be involved in the exacerbation of COVID-19 leading to fatal outcomes, which allows us to identify the specific comorbidities that have higher risk in patients. The study highlights COVID-19 high-risk groups. However, further research should focus on the status of comorbidities and prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

A comparison of the efficacy of higher taxa and species numbers in the assessment of biodiversity in the neotropics

1994 ◽  
Vol 345 (1311) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The neotropical region as a whole is much more species diverse than the palaeotropics but no more diverse at the family and only slightly at the generic level. Only 6.4% of neotropical species belong to plant families that are confined to the region and there is a greater generic diversity in Africa than in the neotropics indicating that species are much better indicators of total diversity. The striking difference in species make up between the northern Andean region and Amazonia is important to recognize in conservation planning. In the northern Andean region, herbs and shrubs with Andean-centred distributions predominate whereas in Amazonia, trees and shrubs with Amazonian-centred distributions predominate. The analysis of species distributions show both centres of endemism and centres of diversity which are not apparent when only higher taxa are considered. The local demography of species varies considerably within the lowland rainforest regions and this is discussed using data from quantitative inventories. It is concluded that accurate assessment of the taxon component of biodiversity of the neotropics must be based at the species level rather than at that of higher taxa, and that species data are a valuable tool for conservation planning.

scholarly journals Modeling nutrient (N, P, Si) budget in the Seine watershed: Application of the Riverstrahler model using data from local to global scale resolution

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Sferratore ◽  
Gilles Billen ◽  
Josette Garnier ◽  
Sylvain Théry
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Using Data

scholarly journals Worldwide association of lifestyle related factors and COVID-19 mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhou Wang ◽  
Toshiro Sato ◽  
Atsushi Sakuraba
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Using Data

AbstractBackgroundSeveral lifestyle related factors such as obesity and diabetes have been identified as risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the global association between lifestyle related factors and COVID-19 mortality using data from each individual country.MethodsThe association between prevalence of seven lifestyle related factors (overweight, insufficient physical activity, smoking, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and age over 65) and COVID-19 mortality was assessed by linear and multivariable regression among 186 countries. The cumulative effect of lifestyle related factors on COVID-19 mortality was assessed by dividing countries into four categories according to the number of lifestyle related factors in the upper half range and comparing the mean mortality between groups.ResultsIn linear regression, COVID-19 mortality was significantly associated with overweight, insufficient physical activity, hyperlipidemia, and age ≥65. In multivariable regression, overweight and age ≥65 demonstrated significant association with COVID-19 mortality (P = 0.0039, 0.0094). Countries with more risk factors demonstrated greater COVID-19 mortality (P for trend <0.001).ConclusionLifestyle related factors, especially overweight and elderly population, were associated with increased COVID-19 mortality on a global scale. Global effort to reduce burden of lifestyle related factors along with protection and vaccination of these susceptible groups may help reduce COVID-19 mortality.

scholarly journals Global-Scale Patterns and Trends in Tropospheric NO2 Concentrations, 2005–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadegh Jamali ◽  
Daniel Klingmyr ◽  
Torbern Tagesson
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Using Data

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an important air pollutant with both environmental and epidemiological effects. The main aim of this study is to analyze spatial patterns and temporal trends in tropospheric NO2 concentrations globally using data from the satellite-based Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Additional aims are to compare the satellite data with ground-based observations, and to find the timing and magnitude of greatest breakpoints in tropospheric NO2 concentrations for the time period 2005–2018. The OMI NO2 concentrations showed strong relationships with the ground-based observations, and inter-annual patterns were especially well reproduced. Eastern USA, Western Europe, India, China and Japan were identified as hotspot areas with high concentrations of NO2. The global average trend indicated slightly increasing NO2 concentrations (0.004 × 1015 molecules cm−2 y−1) in 2005–2018. The contribution of different regions to this global trend showed substantial regional differences. Negative trends were observed for most of Eastern USA, Western Europe, Japan and for parts of China, whereas strong, positive trends were seen in India, parts of China and in the Middle East. The years 2005 and 2007 had the highest occurrence of negative breakpoints, but the trends thereafter in general reversed, and the highest tropospheric NO2 concentrations were observed for the years 2017–2018. This indicates that the anthropogenic contribution to air pollution is still a major issue and that further actions are necessary to reduce this contribution, having a substantial impact on human and environmental health.

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