scholarly journals Self-reported anosmia and dysgeusia as key symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lee ◽  
Joel Lockwood ◽  
Paul Das ◽  
Ri Wang ◽  
Eitan Grinspun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment Centre ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Limited Testing

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo slow down the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to identify specific symptoms for effective screening. While anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia have been identified as highly prevalent symptoms, there are wide geographic variations, necessitating the regional evaluation of the prevalence of the symptoms.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the self-reported symptoms among adults (over 18 years old) who underwent COVID-19 tests at an ambulatory assessment centre. We identified 1,345 patients (102 positive and 1,243 negative) who visited the assessment centre between March 16 and April 15, 2020. We randomly sampled negative patients in a 1:3 ratio. The primary outcome was the prevalence of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between COVID-19 positivity and loss of smell and taste.ResultsFifty-six of 102 (50%) positive patients and 72 of 306 (23.5%) negative patients completed the survey. Anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia were more prevalent among COVID-19 positive patients (41.1% v. 4.2%, p < 0.001 for smell and 46.4% v. 5.6%, p < 0.001 for taste). Anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia were independently highly associated with COVID-19 positivity (adjusted odds ratios 14.4 and 11.4 for smell and taste, respectively).ConclusionIn this Canadian study, smell and taste loss may be key symptoms of COVID-19. This evidence can be helpful in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly settings of limited testing capacity.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19 in 2 Geographically Distinct Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110001
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lee ◽  
Daniella Daliyot ◽  
Ri Wang ◽  
Joel Lockwood ◽  
Paul Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Geographical Regions

Objective: To directly compare the prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction (smell and taste) in geographically distinct regions with the same questionnaires. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the self-reported symptoms among adults (older than 18 years) who underwent COVID-19 testing at an ambulatory assessment center in Canada and at a hospital in Israel between March 16, 2020, and August 19, 2020. The primary outcome was the prevalence of self-reported chemosensory dysfunction (anosmia/hypomsia and dysgeusia/ageusia). Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence of chemosensory deficits among the outpatients. Results: We identified a total of 350 COVID-19–positive patients (138 Canadians and 212 Israelis). The overall prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction was 47.1%. There was a higher proportion of chemosensory deficits among Canadians compared to Israelis (66.7% vs 34.4%, P < .01). A subgroup analysis for outpatients (never hospitalized) still identified a higher prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction among Canadians compared to Israelis (68.2% vs 36.1%, P < 0.01). A majority of patients recovered their sense of smell after 4 weeks of symptom onset. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of chemosensory deficit in COVID-19 was found to be similar to previously published reports, the prevalence can vary significantly across different geographical regions. Therefore, it is important to obtain regionally specific data so that the symptom of anosmia/dysgeusia can be used as a guide for screening for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.

Knowledge and attitudes regarding the self-use of pain medications in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
MawadahM Magadmi ◽  
RaniaM Magadmi ◽  
FatemahO Kamel ◽  
MagdaM Hagras ◽  
HwraaI Alhmied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Pain Medications

Are local offices of emergency management prepared for people with disabilities? Results from the FEMA Region 9 Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Robyn R. Gershon, MHS, DrPH ◽  
Michelle A. Muska, EMT, MPH ◽  
Qi Zhi, MPH ◽  
Lewis E. Kraus, MPH, MCP
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sign Language Interpreters ◽  
Personal Assistants ◽  
Management Recommendations

Objective: To assess disaster planning of local Offices of Emergency Management (OEM) with respect to people with disabilities (PWD).Design: A cross-sectional study of local OEM from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Region 9 (N = 61) was conducted using an internet-based survey. The primary outcome was the adoption of emergency management recommendations by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and FEMA in applying Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Results: OEM implementation of ADA requirements was generally suboptimal. While 63 percent reported that plans addressed the needs of PWD, only 41 percent reported detailed operating procedures for PWD. Training of staff to ensure that they were knowledgeable on the ADA requirements for inclusivity was rarely conducted. While accessible shelters and transportation were often identified, accessible communication strategies, including emergency notifications, were often lacking; only 28 percent of OEMs reported availability of sign language interpreters at shelters. Shelters often allowed service animal access (62 percent), but fewer allowed access to personal assistants (39 percent). Engagement of the disability community, from plan development to community drills, was uncommon. While more than half (59 percent) of OEM felt clear about their responsibilities in providing equal access to PWD, only 23 percent reported having qualified staff and other resources necessary in order to meet those responsibilities. Participants cited the need for more training on the ADA requirements in order to better meet the needs of PWD. Conclusion: Strategies for improvement to assure inclusiveness of PWD in all phases of emergency management are needed.

scholarly journals SELF-ACCEPTANCE AND SELF-CONCEPT AMONG TRANSGENDER IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Reni Fitriani ◽  
Agni Laili Perdani ◽  
Lia Juniarni
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
World Health ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Transgender is no longer classify a mental health illness from World Health Organization (WHO). The number of this community up to 3.9 million or 1.6% from Indonesia citizen. Transgender face social discrimination and stigma toward themselves as a result from community and family rejection. This condition could affected their process of self-acceptance and self-concept.Purpose: This study aimed to describe the self-acceptance and the self-concept among transgender in Indonesia    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in transgender community at Srikandi Pamungkas, Lembang. This study used a convinience sampling and 30 respondents agreed to participate. Data was collected using self-questionnaire and consist of 52 item questions with.Results: This study showed that the total of transgender with good self-acceptance is 17 (56.7%) and good self-concept is 16 (53.3%)Conclusion: Most of the transgender in the transgender community had good self-acceptance and good self-concept from the support system in community environment.

scholarly journals Does the Lag Time Between Injury and Treatment Affect Recovery of Infraorbital Nerve Disturbances in Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Majid Neamati ◽  
Sara Rajabloo ◽  
Fatemeh Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Lag Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Open Reduction Internal Fixation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Infraorbital Nerve ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zygomaticomaxillary Complex ◽  
Delay In Treatment

Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Objective: Neurosensory disturbances (NSDs) of the infraorbital nerve (ION) are common following orbito-zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lag time between injury and treatment on recovery of NSDs of the ION following open reduction internal fixation. Methods: Subjects who had ZMC fracture and paresthesia were studied. The lag time between injury and treatment was considered as the predictive factor. The level of NSDs according to the brush test and two-point discrimination (TPD) test and self-reported NSD were the outcomes of this study. Self-reported NSD was quantified using a visual analog scale. Results: Forty patients were studied. The lag time between injury and treatment had a significant correlation with the result of the TPD test and the self-reported level of NSD. In 73.6% of patients who had NSD following ZMC fracture, every 1-day delay in treatment increased the incidence of self-reported paresthesia by 0.44. Conclusions: It seems, a delay in treatment of ZMC fractures increased the risk of NSD.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and the Self-Efficacy Scale among Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Yuhei Matsuda ◽  
Masaaki Karino ◽  
Takahiro Kanno
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Functional Oral Intake Scale

A few studies have provided detailed reports suggesting that subjective swallowing disorders may be related to dysphagia. Therefore, we verified the relationship between oral health-related self-efficacy and dysphagia severity in cancer treatment using a cross-sectional study. Participants included patients undergoing treatment for cancer at Shimane University Hospital in Shimane, Japan, and those receiving outpatient treatment at the hospital’s Oral Care Center between August 2018 and April 2019. In all, 203 participants enrolled in the study and completed the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), the Self-efficacy Scale for Advanced Cancer (SEAC), and the Oral Health-related Self-Efficacy Scale for Patients with Cancer (OSEC). Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between the low FOIS score and the SEAC subscales of Activities of Daily Living Self-efficacy (ADE) (odds ratio 1.04, 95% [CI] 1.00–1.07) and Symptom Coping Self-efficacy (SCE) (odds ratio 0.61, 95% [CI] 0.42–0.88). Based on the Jonckheere-Terpstra test, the SEAC and the OSEC tended to increase as the category of the FOIS progressed. To conclude, self-efficacy played an important role in dysphagia and may affect the severity of dysphagia in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study using primary care and cancer registration data to investigate patients with cancer presenting with non-specific symptoms

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e033008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Pearson ◽  
Veronique Poirier ◽  
Karen Fitzgerald ◽  
Greg Rubin ◽  
Willie Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
Specific Symptoms

IntroductionPatients presenting to primary care with site-specific alarm symptoms can be referred onto urgent suspected cancer pathways, whereas those with non-specific symptoms currently have no dedicated referral routes leading to delays in cancer diagnosis and poorer outcomes. Pilot Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Centres (MDCs) provide a referral route for such patients in England.ObjectivesThis work aimed to use linked primary care and cancer registration data to describe diagnostic pathways for patients similar to those being referred into MDCs and compare them to patients presenting with more specific symptoms.MethodsThis cross-sectional study linked primary care data from the National Cancer Diagnosis Audit (NCDA) to national cancer registration and Route to Diagnosis records. Patient symptoms recorded in the NCDA were used to allocate patients to one of two groups - those presenting with symptoms mirroring referral criteria of MDCs (non-specific but concerning symptoms (NSCS)) and those with at least one site-specific alarm symptom (non-NSCS). Descriptive analyses compared the two groups and regression analysis by group investigated associations with long primary care intervals (PCIs).ResultsPatients with NSCS were more likely to be diagnosed at later stage (32% stage 4, compared with 21% in non-NSCS) and via an emergency presentation (34% vs 16%). These patients also had more multiple pre-referral general practitioner consultations (59% vs 43%) and primary care-led diagnostics (blood tests: 57% vs 35%). Patients with NSCS had higher odds of having longer PCIs (adjusted OR: 1.24 (1.11 to 1.36)). Patients with lung and urological cancers also had higher odds of longer PCIs overall and in both groups.ConclusionsDifferences in the diagnostic pathway show that patients with symptoms mirroring the MDC referral criteria could benefit from a new referral pathway.

scholarly journals Comparison between different instruments for measuring health-related quality of life in a population sample, the WHO MONICA Project, Gothenburg, Sweden: an observational, cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e024454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Krantz ◽  
Ulla Wide ◽  
Penelope Trimpou ◽  
Inger Bryman ◽  
Kerstin Landin-Wilhelmsen
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

ObjectiveThe general aim was to meet the need for empirical comparative studies of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment instruments, by evaluating and comparing the psychometric properties and results of three different, widely used, generic HRQoL instruments in a population sample. The specific aims were to evaluate the subscales of the different instruments that measure the same domain and to assess the association between the HRQoL measures and a single-item self-rated health scale.DesignAn observational cross-sectional study.SettingA population-based sample from Gothenburg, Sweden, was studied in 2008 in the WHO MONItoring of trends and determinants for CArdiovascular disease.ParticipantsA total of 414 subjects were included, 77% women, age range 39–78 years.InterventionsThe Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), the Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36), the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) and a self-rated health scale were used.Outcome measuresScores were analysed for their psychometric properties, internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), construct validity (Spearman’s rank correlations and R2coefficients) and discriminative ability for the presence of self-rated ill-health.ResultsPGWB and SF-36 had higher Cronbach’s α scores than NHP. All correlations calculated between the subscales that were conceptually similar were significant (p<0.01). All subscales could differentiate the presence of self-rated ill-health according to the self-rated health scale (p<0.001). The self-rated health scale correlated strongly with all of the three HRQoL instruments used.ConclusionsThere was a high concordance between the instruments within each domain that was conceptually similar. All three HRQoL instruments (PGWB, SF-36 and NHP) could discriminate the presence of self-rated ill-health. The simple and quick self-rated health scale correlated strongly with the more time-consuming PGWB, SF-36 and NHP. The result supports the existence of a strong association between the self-rated health scale and HRQoL in the general population.

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