scholarly journals 2139

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Nilay Shah ◽  
Julia Selich-Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Neuroblastoma Tumor ◽  
Tumor Bank ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Validation Set

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: (1) Correlate PBX1 mRNA expression as measured by RNAScope in situ hybridization, at an RNA number/cell measurement, Versus by RT-qPCR by the ddCt method. (2) Validate PBX1 mRNA expression in a second independent cohort of neuroblastoma tumor samples, and correlate with patient outcomes. We expect that PBX1 expression will correlate whether detected by RNAScope or by RT-qPCR. This work has the promise of validating a novel biomarker of disease severity, and for clinical translation as the RNAscope technology has been CLIA-certified for clinical use for other genes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Primary neuroblastoma tumor samples were acquired through the Children’s Oncology Group Tumor Bank, The Cooperative Human Tissue Network Tumor bank, and the Westmeade Tumor Bank (Westmeade, Australia), with patient outcomes annotated but sequestered until experiments are completed. RT-qPCR is performed using 1 μg total RNA isolated from each sample by Nucleospin RNA kit (Clontech), reverse transcribed by SuperScript VILO (ThermoFisher Scientific) and amplified using KiCqSTART SYBR Green qPCR mix (Sigma Aldrich). RNAScope was performed on sections of fresh frozen tumor, in triplicate, per manufacturer protocol (ACDBio) using company-designed probes. Statistical analyses performed using GraphPad Prism5. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: PBX1 mRNA expression as measured RNAScope correlated well with matched RT-qPCR values, with most PBX1 transcripts identified within the malignant cells and not in tumor stroma. Correlation with patient outcomes is ongoing (expected to be available at the time of presentation), but as the RNAScope values correlate with R>0.9 with RT-qPCR values, we expect good correlation with outcomes in our primary data set and matching validation set. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: PBX1 mRNA expression is an accurate prognostic biomarker of outcome in low and intermediate-risk neuroblastoma, and testing on an additional validation set is planned based on thresholds established by RNAScope. RNAScope is a method readily translatable to clinical use and its inclusion in future clinical trials will be further studied. It provides an additional benefit that concomitant immunohistochemistry can also be performed. Analysis of high-risk neuroblastomas for responsiveness to retinoic acid based on PBX1 expression is planned.

An Analysis of Patients Dead on Arrival in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program Participant Use File Data Set

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110110
Author(s):  
Adel Elkbuli ◽  
Scott Rowe ◽  
Shahm Raslan ◽  
Aleeza Ali ◽  
Brad Boserup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Patient ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Program Participant ◽  
Quality Program ◽  
Field Triage ◽  
American College Of Surgeons ◽  
Mode Of Transportation

Background Trauma patient care begins on-scene as field triage and mode of transportation are determinants of patient outcomes. This study evaluates the US national patterns of dead on arrival (DOA) among the trauma population. Methods A cross-sectional review of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Trauma Quality Program Participant Use File (TQP-PUF) data set (2013-2017) was performed. Trauma patients reported as DOA were stratified by ISS into low (<15), intermediate (15-24), or high (≥25) severity. Each group was then subdivided by patient demographics, mechanism, type of injury, and mode of transportation. Results Of the 4 336 816 injury cases in the TQP-PUF data set, 33 199 were DOA (.77%). 77.1% (25 604/33 199) of DOAs were male. In the low-ISS group, .36% (13 272/3 639 811) were DOA; in the intermediate-ISS group, 1.2% (4868/421 994) were DOA; and in the high-ISS group, 5.5% (15 059/275 011) were DOA. Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) (11 262) and firearms (8894) were the most common injury types, equating to 60.7% of DOAs. Falls accounted for 9.1% of all DOAs. The most common DOA age-group was 18-64 years, followed by ≥65 years. Conclusion DOA trauma patients are predominately adult men suffering fatal blunt force injuries most frequently via MVC. DOAs are caused by all ranges of injury severity. We recommend further development of prevention programs thereby reducing the prevalence of common traumatic injuries, notably MVC, falls, and firearms to improve survival. Future studies should also investigate the access to and distribution of trauma centers and the role of helicopter, ground, and police transport modalities and transport time on and reducing DOAs and improving trauma patient outcomes.

Association ofEMCNwith Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Japanese Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUMASA NISHIMOTO ◽  
KATSUNORI IKARI ◽  
HIROTAKA KANEKO ◽  
SO TSUKAHARA ◽  
YUTA KOCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Synovial Tissues ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Objective.Endomucin, an endothelial-specific sialomucin, is thought to facilitate “lymphocyte homing” to synovial tissues, resulting in the major histopathologies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the association between RA susceptibility and the gene coding endomucin,EMCN.Methods.Association studies were conducted with 2 DNA sample sets (initial set of 1504 patients, 752 controls; and validation set, 1113 patients, 940 controls) using 6 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from the Japanese HapMap database. Immunohistochemistry for the expression of endomucin was conducted with synovial tissues from 4 patients with RA during total knee arthroplasty. Electromobility shift assays were performed for the functional study of identified polymorphisms.Results.Within the initial sample set, the strongest evidence of an association with RA susceptibility was SNP rs3775369 (OR 1.20, p = 0.0075). While the subsequent replication study did not initially confirm the observed significant association (OR 1.13, p = 0.062), an in-depth stratified analysis revealed significant association in patients testing positive to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody in the replication data set (OR 1.15, p = 0.044). Investigating 2 sample sets, significant associations were detected in overall and stratified samples with anti-CCP antibody status (OR 1.17, p = 0.0015). Positive staining for endomucin was detected in all patients. The allele associated with RA susceptibility had a higher binding affinity for HEK298-derived nuclear factors compared to the nonsusceptible allelic variant of rs3775369.Conclusion.A significant association betweenEMCNand RA susceptibility was detected in our Japanese study population. TheEMCNallele conferring RA susceptibility may also contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.

The Impact of Social Capital on Human Wellbeing: Empirical Evidence from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-155
Author(s):  
Fozia Munir ◽  
Mirajul Haq ◽  
Syed Nisar Hussain Hamadani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

Maximization of wellbeing is the exceedingly targeted objective that conventional economics going forward. Keeping in view its central place, economists developed well-structured models and tools in order to measure and investigate wellbeing. In received literature, on the subject, various factors have been investigated that affecting wellbeing. However, wellbeing which is viewed from different approaches and is of a different form is not shaping equally with different types of factors. In this context, this study is an attempt to investigate how subjective wellbeing is affecting by social capital. The basic hypothesis is that “individual wellbeing moves parallel with its social capital”. The hypothesis is empirically tested using primary data set of 848 individuals collecting form Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). The empirical estimates indicate that keeping other factors constant, an individual that embodied more social capital enjoy more wellbeing in their life. JEL Classification: B24, I30, C43

scholarly journals Credit composition and income inequality in Vietnam: an empirical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Quoc Hoi ◽  
Hương Lan Trần
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the credit composition and income inequality reduction in Vietnam. In particular, the authors focus on the distinction between policy and commercial credits and investigate whether these two types of credit had adverse effects on income inequality. The authors also examine whether the impact of policy credit on income inequality is conditioned by the educational level and institutional quality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the primary data set, which contains a panel of 60 provinces collected from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2002 to 2016. The authors employ the generalized method of moments to solve the endogenous problem.FindingsThe authors show that while commercial credit increases income inequality, policy credit contributes to reducing income inequality in Vietnam. In addition, we provide evidence that the institutional quality and educational level condition the impact of policy credit on income inequality. Based on the findings, the paper implies that it was not the size of the private credit but its composition that mattered in reducing income inequality, due to the asymmetric effects of different types of credit.Originality/valueThis is the first study that examines the links between the two components of credit and income inequality as well as constraints of the links. The authors argue that analyzing the separate effects of commercial and policy credits is more important for explaining the role of credit in income inequality than the size of total credit.

scholarly journals A computationally tractable birth-death model that combines phylogenetic and epidemiological data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Zarebski ◽  
Louis du Plessis ◽  
Kris V. Parag ◽  
Oliver G. Pybus
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analytic Approximation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Birth Death

Inferring the dynamics of pathogen transmission during an outbreak is an important problem in both infectious disease epidemiology and phylodynamics. In mathematical epidemiology, estimates are often informed by time-series of infected cases while in phylodynamics genetic sequences sampled through time are the primary data source. Each data type provides different, and potentially complementary, insights into transmission. However inference methods are typically highly specialised and field-specific. Recent studies have recognised the benefits of combining data sources, which include improved estimates of the transmission rate and number of infected individuals. However, the methods they employ are either computationally prohibitive or require intensive simulation, limiting their real-time utility. We present a novel birth-death phylogenetic model, called TimTam which can be informed by both phylogenetic and epidemiological data. Moreover, we derive a tractable analytic approximation of the TimTam likelihood, the computational complexity of which is linear in the size of the data set. Using the TimTam we show how key parameters of transmission dynamics and the number of unreported infections can be estimated accurately using these heterogeneous data sources. The approximate likelihood facilitates inference on large data sets, an important consideration as such data become increasingly common due to improving sequencing capability.

scholarly journals Czech households’ income conditions according to the EU SILC statistics

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Stejskal ◽  
Jana Pustinová ◽  
Jana Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Usage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Eu

Article is devoted to evaluation of the Czech population’s income situation according to the inquiry realized within the frame of the Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) project. This was carried out by the Czech Statistical Office in the year 2005. Selected introductive analyses are presented with the view of pointing at the primary data usage possibilities. Main aim of the paper is to explicate basic quantitative indicators of Czech households’ income situation in general, then in division according to social groups and regional belonging. Consequent aim encompasses the identification and analysis of the income unevenness measure by the help of alternative methodological approach. The essential findings and income characteristics are introduced, including recomputation to the physical and so-called standardized member. In compliance with the predefined threshold the households endangered with the insufficient income level are identified. Insufficient income level means that household earnings cannot cover standard living costs. This part is followed by the brief statistical analysis of the data set of this group of households and the reference to other studies which are currently being pursued. Conclusion comprehends the spectrum of processes and analyses that could follow, or are already worked out, in concurrence with the existing findings. First of these, for example, is the income situation evaluation of seniors involved in the enquiry. Reason is that this segment is traditionally perceived as economically weak and more or less dependent on the social system settings.

scholarly journals Application of Multi-Scale Fusion Attention U-Net to Segment the Thyroid Gland on CT Localization Images for Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Wen ◽  
Biao Zhao ◽  
Meifang Yuan ◽  
Jinzhi Li ◽  
Mengzhen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Validation Set

Abstract Objectives: To explore the performance of Multi-scale Fusion Attention U-net (MSFA-U-net) in thyroid gland segmentation on CT localization images for radiotherapy. Methods: CT localization images for radiotherapy of 80 patients with breast cancer or head and neck tumors were selected; label images were manually delineated by experienced radiologists. The data set was randomly divided into the training set (n=60), the validation set (n=10), and the test set (n=10). Data expansion was performed in the training set, and the performance of the MSFA-U-net model was evaluated using the evaluation indicators Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity (SE), and Hausdorff distance (HD). Results: With the MSFA-U-net model, the DSC, JSC, PPV, SE, and HD indexes of the segmented thyroid gland in the test set were 0.8967±0.0935, 0.8219±0.1115, 0.9065±0.0940, 0.8979±0.1104, and 2.3922±0.5423, respectively. Compared with U-net, HR-net, and Attention U-net, MSFA-U-net showed that DSC increased by 0.052, 0.0376, and 0.0346 respectively; JSC increased by 0.0569, 0.0805, and 0.0433, respectively; SE increased by 0.0361, 0.1091, and 0.0831, respectively; and HD increased by −0.208, −0.1952, and −0.0548, respectively. The test set image results showed that the thyroid edges segmented by the MSFA-U-net model were closer to the standard thyroid delineated by the experts, in comparison with those segmented by the other three models. Moreover, the edges were smoother, over-anti-noise interference was stronger, and oversegmentation and undersegmentation were reduced. Conclusion: The MSFA-U-net model can meet basic clinical requirements and improve the efficiency of physicians' clinical work.

Why employee engagement matters? Evidences from Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Shrotryia ◽  
Kirti Saroha ◽  
Upasana Dhanda
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Action Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to shed light on the relationship between organizational commitment (OC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediated by employee engagement (EE). The impact of different facets of OC (affective, continuance and normative) and EE (alignment, affectiveness and action-orientation) is examined with respect to OCB.Design/methodology/approachInsights from the literature underpin the hypotheses on how EE mediates the relationship between OC and OCB. Primary data using survey questionnaire were collected from 881 permanent employees of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) in India. Hayes' model 4 has been used for the mediation analysis.FindingsThe analyses show that only one facet of OC- affective commitment and the alignment and action-orientation dimensions of EE positively affect OCB. The relationship between OC and OCB is fully mediated by EE.Practical implicationsThe results imply that engaging employees is pivotal for effectively fostering citizenship behavior among employees. Organizations should be willing to implement strategies and interventions which enhance the emotional experience of employees to foster a sense of belongingness with the organization and engage them.Originality/valueThe paper draws on a unique data set of a prestigious organization in India to provide insights with substantial degree of generalizability into the relationship between OC, OCB and EE, whilst applying a comprehensive definition of these constructs. It is the first study to examine the inter-relationship among different facets of these constructs.

Impact of occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture on farm business income in source households of Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561-1576
Author(s):  
Bodrul Islam ◽  
Pradyut Guha
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Unskilled Labourer

PurposeThe present study aims at examining the determinants of occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture and their impact on farm business income (FBI) in Assam, India.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data for this study were collected during June–November, 2019 from 224 farm (cultivator) households in two contiguous districts in central Brahmaputra valley of Assam. The study used three-stage least square (3SLS) estimation technique for jointly determining the factors influencing migration and remittances and their impact on FBI.FindingsThe result of this study confirms that occupational migration of unskilled labourer from domestic agriculture significantly reduced household FBI. In contrast to the inflow of remittances from migrants helped in increasing the FBI. The migration in the study area considerably influenced by household size, total value of assets holding, networking influence, distance to commercial bank and flood proneness of the village; while the number of migrants, number of dependents and age of migrants seen to be strong predictor of inflow of remittances. Findings of present study offer evidence in support of the new economics of labour migration (NELM) theory.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is restricted to a single crop (paddy) and constrained by the collection of longitudinal data with a revisit to the farm household pre and post-migration of the unskilled labourer from household agriculture.Originality/valueThis paper is based on a novel data set that has especially been collected to examine the determinants of occupational migration from agriculture and their impact on the FBI in Assam that has not been studied before.

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