scholarly journals Analysis of Approaches of Tolerance Allocation regarding to Economic Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3481-3490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gust ◽  
Alina Sersch ◽  
Tobias Steger ◽  
Christoph Schluer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Tolerance Allocation ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technical Drawing ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Geometrical Product Specification ◽  
Product Specification

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the current state of research on tolerance-induced costs in Germany. Through a literature research already existing approaches for the determination of costs related to tolerances during the specification of technical components are pointed out and possible approaches for the reduction of these costs are presented. In addition, the actuality of these approaches will be considered. One question that is supposed to be answered here is to what state of standard for the specification of components these approaches can be assigned to. On the other hand, it should be clarified whether the existing approaches are applicable to the currently valid standard system of the Geometrical Product Specification (GPS).Can the economic efficiency of the specifications selected for tolerancing be determined in a technical drawing during the product development process in accordance with GPS on the basis of the current state of research?

scholarly journals A Survey on the Applications of Machine Learning in the Early Phases of Product Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2437-2446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Sina Shabestari ◽  
Michael Herzog ◽  
Beate Bender
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Applications Of Machine Learning ◽  
Early Phases

AbstractMachine learning has shown its potential to support the knowledge extraction within the development processes and particularly in the early phases where critical decisions have to be made. However, the current state of the research in the applications of the machine learning in the product development are fragmented. A holistic overall view provides the opportunity to analyze the current state of research and is the basis for the strategic planning of future research and the actions needed. Hence, implementing the systematic literature survey techniques, the state of the applications of machine learning in the early phases of the product development process namely the Requirements, functional modelling and principal concept design is reviewed and discussed.

Industrial Application of the Method “Early Determination of Product Properties”

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Lindemann ◽  
Ralf Stetter
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Influencing Parameters ◽  
Industrial Company

Abstract Nothing is more critical for the success of a project than a design flaw that remains undetected until the product is in production or even handed over to the customer. In order to prevent the negative effects of undetected flaws, the method “early determination of product properties” has been developed at the Chair of Design at the Technische Universität München. In this paper the introduction of the method in a mid-size industrial company and the first resulting tool, the Parameter Checklist, are described. The presented research started with a detailed analysis of the product development process in the industrial company. In order to introduce a complex method in an industrial company, many aspects of the situation of the designers, from existing tools and procedures to the designers’ capabilities have to be considered. Because of this, the method was divided into distinct ideas, stages and tools, and compared individually to the situation given. On this basis a first methodical tool was developed, intended to support designers while using the method. The tool called Parameter Checklist supports designers in planning analyses (e.g. tests with physical prototypes, finite element analyses) and in interpreting the results of these analyses. Furthermore, by using the tool, a database is filled that provides enough information to reconstruct the described analyses. In contrast with conventional testing instructions, the Parameter Checklist contains an explicit description of the model, in some respects found to be important, and a list of the influencing parameters. This is the basis for both a simple but conscious form of analysis planning and a more thorough interpretation of the analysis results.

A Calculation Method for Compliance Uncertainty of GPS Standard-Chain

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 1642-1648
Author(s):  
Jin Xing Wang ◽  
Xiang Qian Jiang ◽  
Pan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Optimum Allocation ◽  
Default State ◽  
Geometrical Product Specification ◽  
Complex Question ◽  
Product Specification

The improved GPS (Geometrical Product Specification) system uses uncertainty as an economic tool to enable optimum allocation of resource amongst specification, manufacturing and verification. For a given GPS standard-chain, the key question is to calculate the compliance uncertainty. The determination of compliance uncertainty is a complex question because specification uncertainty and measurement uncertainty arise from many causes and propagate through the GPS standard-chain. A calculation method for compliance uncertainty of GPS standard-chain is proposed in this article. According to ISO 17450–2, a GPS process should be either in default state or special state. The biggest difference between the two states is that whether the specification operator is accordant with the verification operator. Aiming at the two states, the flow for the computation of compliance uncertainty is given respectively, and a case study is applied in default state. Results show it enables to generate compliance uncertainty on the verification of a GPS standard-chain, which makes the acceptance or refusal of GPS characteristic can be conducted in a quantitative way, so the veracity of verification could be improved.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Gaining insights into evapotranspiration partitioning with novel isotopic monitoring methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youri Rothfuss ◽  
Maria Quade ◽  
Nicolas Brüggemann ◽  
Alexander Graf ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Land Surface Modelling ◽  
High Vertical Resolution ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. Disentangling ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) is of high relevance for a wide range of applications, from land surface modelling to policy making. Identifying and analysing the determinants of the ratio of T to ET (T / ET) for various land covers and uses, especially in view of climate change with increased frequency of extreme events (e.g., heatwaves and floods), is prerequisite for forecasting the hydroclimate of the future and tackling present issues, such as agricultural and irrigation practices. A powerful partitioning method consists in determining the water stable isotopic compositions of ET, E, and T (δET, δE, and δT, respectively) from the water retrieved from the atmosphere, the soil, and the plant vascular tissues. The present work emphasises the challenges this particular method faces (e.g., the spatial and temporal representativeness of the T / ET estimates, the limitations of the models used and the sensitivities to their driving parameters) and the progress that needs to be made in light of the recent methodological developments. As our review is intended for a broader audience beyond the isotopic ecohydrological and micrometeorological communities, it also attempts to provide a thorough review of the ensemble of techniques used for determining δET, δE, and δT, and solving the partitioning equation for T / ET. From the current state of research, we conclude that the most promising way forward to ET partitioning and capturing the sub-daily dynamics of T / ET is in making use of non-destructive online monitoring techniques of the stable isotopic composition of soil and xylem water. Effort should continue towards the application of the eddy covariance technique for high-frequency determination of δET at the field scale as well as the concomitant determination of δET, δE, and δT at high vertical resolution with field-deployable lift systems.

scholarly journals The current state of research on energy communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Gruber ◽  
Udo Bachhiesl ◽  
Sonja Wogrin
Keyword(s):  
Clean Energy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Local Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Space Saving ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe introduction of the Clean energy for all Europeans package by the European Union (EU) led to a significant boost of public and research interest in energy communities. However, since neither their definition nor their goals are clearly defined, there is a very broad field of research on this topic. This paper aims to classify existing research on energy communities and to analyze what this umbrella term looks like in the literature. First, a literature review is conducted with regard to energy communities that have a local scope and are community-owned. The analysis of the results leads to the determination of the following categories for the existing literature on energy communities: the terminology used to refer to energy communities, components of energy communities, and their characteristics and structure. The review affirms that space-saving and easily constructible components are used the most, with photovoltaics (PV) and storage at the forefront. Our results also show that a third-party aggregator can be a vital part of an energy community with various functions, from managing the community’s energy flow and local market to trading energy with the grid. Taking this into consideration, we conclude that the use of aggregators is a good way to make the formation of energy communities easier, especially for people without an engineering background.

scholarly journals Attribute and technology value mapping for conceptual product design phase

2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (11) ◽  
pp. 1745-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Georgiou ◽  
George Haritos ◽  
Moyra Fowler ◽  
Yasmin Imani
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Product Specification

The main focus of this paper is how the concept design phase of the product development process can be improved by using an objective data-driven approach in selecting a final concept design to progress further. A quantitative new test-bed ‘Product Optimisation Value Engineering’ (PROVEN) is presented to critically assess new and evolving powertrain technologies at the concept design phase. The new test-bed has the ability to define a technology value map to assess multiple technical options as a function of its attributes, whose precise values can be determined at a given cost. A mathematical model that incorporates a highly adaptable, data-driven and multi-attribute value approach to product specification and conceptual design is developed, novel to the concept design process. This creates a substantially optimised product offering to the market, reducing overall development costs while achieving customer satisfaction.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Gaining insights into evapotranspiration partitioning with novel isotopic monitoring methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 3701-3732
Author(s):  
Youri Rothfuss ◽  
Maria Quade ◽  
Nicolas Brüggemann ◽  
Alexander Graf ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Land Surface Modelling ◽  
High Vertical Resolution ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. Disentangling ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) is of high relevance for a wide range of applications, from land surface modelling to policymaking. Identifying and analysing the determinants of the ratio of T to ET (T/ET) for various land covers and uses, especially in view of climate change with an increased frequency of extreme events (e.g. heatwaves and floods), is prerequisite for forecasting the hydroclimate of the future and tackling present issues, such as agricultural and irrigation practices. One partitioning method consists of determining the water stable isotopic compositions of ET, E, and T (δET, δE, and δE, respectively) from the water retrieved from the atmosphere, the soil, and the plant vascular tissues. The present work emphasizes the challenges this particular method faces (e.g. the spatial and temporal representativeness of the T/ET estimates, the limitations of the models used, and the sensitivities to their driving parameters) and the progress that needs to be made in light of the recent methodological developments. As our review is intended for a broader audience beyond the isotopic ecohydrological and micrometeorological communities, it also attempts to provide a thorough review of the ensemble of techniques used for determining δET, δE, and δE and solving the partitioning equation for T/ET. From the current state of research, we conclude that the most promising way forward to ET partitioning and capturing the subdaily dynamics of T/ET is by making use of non-destructive online monitoring techniques of the stable isotopic composition of soil and xylem water. Effort should continue towards the application of the eddy covariance technique for high-frequency determination of δET at the field scale as well as the concomitant determination of δET, δE, and δE at high vertical resolution with field-deployable lift systems.

The VR Session Manager: A Tool to Co-Ordinate a Collaborative Product Development Process in a Virtual Environment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Stelzer ◽  
Wolfgang Steger ◽  
Dirk Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Product Data Management ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Working Together

The paper elucidates a process integration method in which the virtual reality (VR) application moves beyond being just a visualisation tool to functioning as an interface for collaboration. The central module of this system is the so-called session manager. The session manager co-ordinates the collaboration of several authorised individuals and various software tools all working together on one development project. The session manager is at the centre of the product data management (PDM) system managing product structure, product documents and project state. The associated VR system synchronously presents the current state of the project. It is thus possible to visualise changes in geometry, appearance or structure in real time. In this way, VR can be integrated into a heterogeneous system consisting of CAD workstations and simulation applications. Integration is based on a bi-directional link among all applications via the PDM system. Thus, it is possible to use and represent not only the product’s design and structure, but also its non-geometric information using PDM. Additionally, the persons working with it may select product components in VR and assign tasks to workstations or persons, since, in VR, relevant information from the PDM is available.

Experience Design Applied to Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea CAPRA ◽  
Ana BERGER ◽  
Daniela SZABLUK ◽  
Manuela OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Technological Products

An accurate understanding of users' needs is essential for the development of innovative products. This article presents an exploratory method of user centered research in the context of the design process of technological products, conceived from the demands of a large information technology company. The method is oriented - but not restricted - to the initial stages of the product development process, and uses low-resolution prototypes and simulations of interactions, allowing users to imagine themselves in a future context through fictitious environments and scenarios in the ambit of ideation. The method is effective in identifying the requirements of the experience related to the product’s usage and allows rapid iteration on existing assumptions and greater exploration of design concepts that emerge throughout the investigation.

Review of the Current State and Future Development in Standardizing Natural Lighting in Interiors

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Darula
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Window Design

Three elements mainly wind, water and sun seemed to determine in ancient ages the basic phenomena of life on Earth. Architectural history documented the importance of sun influence on urban and building construction already in layouts of Mesopotamian and Greek houses. Not only sun radiation but especially daylight played a significant role in the creation of indoor environment. Later, in the 20th century, a search of interaction between human life in buildings and natural conditions were studied considering well­being and energy conscious design recently using computer tools in complex research and more detail interdisciplinary solutions. At the same time the restricted daytime availability of natural light was supplemented by more efficient and continually cheaper artificial lighting of interiors. There are two main approaches to standardize the design and evaluation of indoor visual environment. The first is based on the determination of the minimum requirements respecting human health and visibility needs in all activities while the second emphasizes the behaviour and comfort of occupants in buildings considering year­around natural changes of physical quantities like light, temperature, noise and energy consumption. The new current standardization basis for daylight evaluation and window design criteria stimulate the study of methodology principles that historically were based on the overcast type of sky luminance pattern avoiding yearly availability of sky illuminance levels. New trends to base the daylight standardization on yearly or long­term availability of daylight are using the averages or median sky illuminance levels to characterise local climatological conditions. This paper offers the review and discussion about the principles of the natural light standardization with a short introduction to the history and current state, with a trial to focus on the possible development of lighting engineering and its standards in future.

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