Reduction in Rate of Nosocomial Respiratory Virus Infections in a Children’s Hospital Associated With Enhanced Isolation Precautions

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorry G. Rubin ◽  
Nina Kohn ◽  
Susan Nullet ◽  
Margaret Hill
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Hospital Days

OBJECTIVETo determine whether the use of enhanced isolation precautions (droplet and contact precautions) for inpatients with respiratory tract viral infections is associated with a reduction in rate of nosocomial viral respiratory infections.DESIGNQuasi-experimental study with the rate of nosocomial respiratory virus infection as the primary dependent variable and rate of nosocomialClostridium difficileinfection as a nonequivalent dependent variable comparator.SETTINGCohen Children’s Medical Center of NY, a tertiary-care children’s hospital attached to a large general hospital.INTERVENTIONDuring years 1 and 2 (July 2012 through June 2014), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee’s recommended isolation precautions for inpatients with selected respiratory virus infections were in effect. Enhanced isolation precautions were in effect during years 3 and 4 (July, 2014 through June, 2016), except for influenza, for which enhanced precautions were in effect during year 4 only.RESULTSDuring the period of enhanced isolation precautions, the rate of nosocomial respiratory virus infections with any of 4 virus categories decreased 39% from 0.827 per 1,000 hospital days prior to enhanced precautions to 0.508 per 1,000 hospital days (P<.0013). Excluding rhinovirus/enterovirus infections, the rates decreased 58% from 0.317 per 1,000 hospital days to 0.134 per 1,000 hospital days during enhanced precautions (P<.0014). During these periods, no significant change was detected in the rate of nosocomialC. difficileinfection.CONCLUSIONSEnhanced isolation precautions for inpatients with respiratory virus infections were associated with a reduction in the rate of nosocomial respiratory virus infections.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:152–156

scholarly journals COVID-19 mitigation strategies were associated with decreases in other respiratory virus infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinha Pranay ◽  
Katherine Reifler ◽  
Michael Rossi ◽  
Manish Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Detection of diverse respiratory viruses in Boston was around 80% lower after practices were instituted to limit COVID-19 spread compared to the same time period during the previous five years. Continuing the strategies that lower COVID-19 dissemination may be useful in decreasing the incidence of other viral respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Digging through the Obstruction: Insight into the Epithelial Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 4258-4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Hendricks ◽  
Jennifer M. Bomberger
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Respiratory virus infections are common but generally self-limiting infections in healthy individuals. Although early clinical studies reported low detection rates, the development of molecular diagnostic techniques by PCR has led to an increased recognition that respiratory virus infections are associated with morbidity and acute exacerbations of chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). The airway epithelium is the first barrier encountered by respiratory viruses following inhalation and the primary site of respiratory viral replication. Here, we describe how the airway epithelial response to respiratory viral infections contributes to disease progression in patients with CF and other chronic lung diseases, including the role respiratory viral infections play in bacterial acquisition in the CF patient lung.

Utilization of Diagnostic Testing for Renal Anomalies and Congenital Heart Disease in Patients with Microtia

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-558
Author(s):  
Vaibhav H. Ramprasad ◽  
Amber D. Shaffer ◽  
Noel Jabbour
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Renal Ultrasound ◽  
Renal Anomalies ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital

Objective Congenital ear anomalies are associated with congenital cardiac and renal defects. Renal ultrasounds, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram can be utilized for diagnosis of these concurrent defects. No standard of care exists for the workup of patients with microtia. The goals of this study were to describe the utilization of diagnostic testing for cardiac and renal anomalies and to identify their prevalence in patients with microtia. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Subjects and Methods This study is an Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective review of consecutive patients born between 2002 and 2016 who were diagnosed with microtia and seen in the otolaryngology clinic at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Demographics, sidedness and grade of microtia, comorbid diagnoses, and details of renal and cardiovascular evaluations were recorded. Factors associated with retroperitoneal ultrasound and cardiac testing were assessed with logistic regression. Results Microtia was present in 102 patients, and 98 patients were included as they received follow-up. Microtia was associated with craniofacial syndrome in 34.7% of patients. Renal ultrasound was performed in 64.3% of patients, and 12.9% of patients with ultrasounds had renal aplasia. Cardiac workup (electrocardiogram or echocardiogram) was completed in 60.2% of patients, and of this subset, 54.2% had a congenital heart defect. Conclusion Diagnostic testing revealed renal anomalies and cardiac defects in patients with isolated microtia at a higher rate than in the general population. This suggests the need for further evaluation of the role of routine screening in patients with microtia.

scholarly journals Sex differences in innate anti-viral immune responses to respiratory viruses and in their clinical outcomes in a birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eteri Regis ◽  
Sara Fontanella ◽  
Lijing Lin ◽  
Rebecca Howard ◽  
Sadia Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

AbstractThe mechanisms explaining excess morbidity and mortality in respiratory infections among males are poorly understood. Innate immune responses are critical in protection against respiratory virus infections. We hypothesised that innate immune responses to respiratory viruses may be deficient in males. We stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 345 participants at age 16 years in a population-based birth cohort with three live respiratory viruses (rhinoviruses A16 and A1, and respiratory syncytial virus) and two viral mimics (R848 and CpG-A, to mimic responses to SARS-CoV-2) and investigated sex differences in interferon (IFN) responses. IFN-α responses to all viruses and stimuli were 1.34–2.06-fold lower in males than females (P = 0.018 −  < 0.001). IFN-β, IFN-γ and IFN-induced chemokines were also deficient in males across all stimuli/viruses. Healthcare records revealed 12.1% of males and 6.6% of females were hospitalized with respiratory infections in infancy (P = 0.017). In conclusion, impaired innate anti-viral immunity in males likely results in high male morbidity and mortality from respiratory virus infections.

scholarly journals The Disappearance of Respiratory Viruses in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9550
Author(s):  
Anna Chiara Vittucci ◽  
Livia Piccioni ◽  
Luana Coltella ◽  
Claudia Ciarlitto ◽  
Livia Antilici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
The Impact

Background: Social distancing measures are used to reduce the spreading of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of local restrictions on the transmission of respiratory virus infections. Methods: we retrospectively analyzed the nasopharyngeal samples of all patients (0–18 years old) admitted with respiratory symptoms in a large Italian tertiary hospital during the last three seasons from 2018 to 2021. Results: A strong reduction in all viral respiratory infections was observed in the last season (2020–2021) compared to the two previous seasons (−79.69% and −80.66%, respectively). In particular, we found that during the epidemic period 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, the total number of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) cases was, respectively 726 and 689, while in the last season a total of five cases was detected. In the first months of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, the total flu infections were 240 and 354, respectively, while in the last season we did not detect any influenza virus. As other viruses, the presence of Rhinovirus declined, but to a lesser extent: a total of 488 cases were assessed compared to the 1030 and 1165 cases of the two previous respective epidemic seasons. Conclusions: Public health interventions and distancing (including continuous use of face masks) settled to counter the pandemic spread of COVID-19 had a macroscopic impact on all respiratory virus transmission and related diseases, with a partial exception of Rhinovirus. The absence of viruses’ circulation could result in a lack of immunity and increased susceptibility to serious infections in the next seasons.

SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUS INFECTIONS IN MOSCOW CHILDREN, 1948 TO 1956

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-404
Author(s):  
V. V. Ritova ◽  
V. M. Zhdanov ◽  
E. I. Schastny
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

1. The study of sera collected between 1948 and 1956 from children with acute respiratory disease showed that outbreaks were caused by adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, reoviruses, rhinoviruses, ECHO viruses, and Coxsackie viruses. 2. Adenovirus infections were the most prevalent. Other viral infections were prevalent in certain years. 3. Mixed infections with two viruses constituted about 10% of all cases.

scholarly journals Changes in paediatric respiratory infections at a UK teaching hospital 2016-2021; impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila F Lumley ◽  
Nicholas Richens ◽  
Emily Lees ◽  
Jack Cregan ◽  
Elizabeth Kalimeris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Early Warning Score ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Service Demand ◽  
Paediatric Early Warning Score ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
The Impact

Objective To describe the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the incidence of paediatric viral respiratory tract infection in Oxfordshire, UK. Methods Data on paediatric Emergency Department (ED) attendances (0-15 years inclusive), respiratory virus testing, vital signs and mortality at Oxford University Hospitals were summarised using descriptive statistics. Results Between 1-March-2016 and 30-July-2021, 155,056 ED attendances occurred and 7,195 respiratory virus PCRs were performed. Detection of all pathogens was suppressed during the first national lockdown. Rhinovirus and adenovirus rates increased when schools reopened September-December 2020, then fell, before rising in March-May 2021. The usual winter RSV peak did not occur in 2020/21, with an inter-seasonal rise (32/1,000 attendances in 0-3yr olds) in July 2021. Influenza remained suppressed throughout. A higher Paediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) was seen for attendees with adenovirus during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (p=0.04, Mann-Witney U test), no other differences in PEWS were seen. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 caused major changes in the incidence of paediatric respiratory viral infection in Oxfordshire, with implications for clinical service demand, testing strategies, timing of palivizumab RSV prophylaxis, and highlighting the need to understand which public health interventions are most effective for preventing respiratory virus infections.

scholarly journals Are Respiratory Viruses Involved in Preseasonal Symptoms or Severity in Japanese Cedar Pollinosis?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. ar.2016.7.0157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokuni Otsuka ◽  
Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi ◽  
Hirokazu Kimura ◽  
Ikuo Takanashi ◽  
Kimihiro Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Japanese Cedar Pollinosis ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Background Respiratory virus infections are involved in asthma exacerbations. However, there are no reports of the relationship between respiratory virus infections and Japanese cedar pollinosis. Objective We studied the relationship between respiratory viral infection and the appearance of preseasonal symptoms and the severity of seasonal symptoms in Japanese cedar pollinosis. Methods In 36 patients with asthma and with no symptoms (PreAsyP) and 54 patients with asthma and with symptoms (PreSyP) before the cedar pollen shedding commenced (preseason), and 37 patients with mild-to-moderate severity (InMild/Mod) and 45 patients with severe to extreme severity (InSev/Ext) after cedar shedding commenced (in season), the occurrence of respiratory viruses and nasal smear cytology were examined. Results In total, seven infections with respiratory viruses were detected among the subjects. Human rhinovirus (HRV) C infection was detected in one subject in each of the PreAsyP and PreSyP groups, and one HRVA infection occurred in the InMild/Mod group. In the InSev/Ext group, one HRVA, one HRVC, one respiratory syncytial virus, and one human metapneumovirus were detected. There was no significant difference in the rate of detection of viral infections between the PreAsyP and the PreSyP groups (p = 0.077), and between the InMild/Mod group and the InSev/Ext group (p = 0.24, Wilcoxon rank sum test). When cells types in nasal smears were identified and their abundance examined, the rate of neutrophilia in the subjects in the PreSyP group was 54%, which was statistically higher (p < 0.01) than the subjects in the PreAsyP group (25%). Interestingly, in the subjects in the InSev/Ext group, the proportion of eosinophils (40%) was larger (p < 0.05) than in the subjects in the InMild/Mod group (19%). Conclusion These results provided no evidence that respiratory virus infections contributed to preseasonal symptoms and severity in season of Japanese cedar pollinosis. Nasal neutrophilia was related to preseasonal symptoms, whereas nasal eosinophilia was related to severity of symptoms during the pollen season.

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