scholarly journals Acquisition Rate of Scabies in Employees After Care of an Undiagnosed Crusted Scabies Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s110-s111
Author(s):  
Patrick Crowley ◽  
Hector Ramirez ◽  
Brennan Ochoa ◽  
Karen Brust
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
After Care ◽  
Scabies Mite ◽  
Crusted Scabies ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
New Onset

Background: Scabies is a contagious dermatosis caused by human mites, (Sarcoptes scabei, variant hominis). In crusted (Norwegian) scabies, the burden of mite infestation is higher and up to 2 million per person, facilitating easy skin-to-skin transmission and nosocomial transmission. We describe a case of undiagnosed crusted scabies and subsequent transmission to employees in our hospital. Methods: A 90-year-old female was admitted to our 636-bed, nonprofit, academic hospital for 22 days prior to diagnosis of crusted scabies by skin scraping. The patient was admitted to 2 different medical-surgical wards and the medical intensive care unit. We collected healthcare worker (HCW) demographics, including department of service, age, sex, pregnancy, and breastfeeding status in those who were at risk of exposure. We interviewed HCWs at 2 time points and collected information related to infestation, allergies to treatment, acceptance of empiric treatment, and whether employee was furloughed. Results: On initial screening, 20 of 124 at-risk HCWs had symptoms (Fig.). Most had a “new onset raised red rash or new pimple like rash (not on face), or linear rash” and 4 had “new onset uncontrollable itching.” All 124 HCWs were contacted 28 days later. One HCW that had not been compliant with prophylaxis became symptomatic and was diagnosed with scabies by dermatology. Of the remaining 20 HCWs, 3 were still having symptoms (2 had itching and 1 had a rash and a scrape performed by dermatology with confirmation of mites). All 3 were retreated with ivermectin. Overall, 21 of 124 exposed HCWs were ultimately symptomatic. Conclusions: During a 22-day admission of an undiagnosed and unisolated elderly patient with crusted scabies, the scabies mite was transmitted to 21 HCWs for an acquisition rate of 17%. Persistence of symptoms after treatment with permethrin occurred in 14%. The infectivity of this disease necessitates early recognition and infection control measures.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals An Overview of Novel Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 Spanning around the Past, Present and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 775-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadma Yaqoob ◽  
Areena H. Siddiqui ◽  
R. Harsvardhan ◽  
J. Ahmad ◽  
V.K. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new enveloped RNA virus known as Coronavirus (COVID-19) are most prevalent in humans and wild animals. All four species that is alpha, beta, delta and theta have been identified till date and are responsible for human disease; causing influenza like illness (ILI). This virus has similar lineage of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This outbreak initially presented as pneumonia-like illness in a group of people in Wuhan, China. The infection was said to be caused by seafood and unusual animals in the wholesale markets of this city. SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and has resulted in a rapid pandemic. As of now it has spread to 197 countries with total no of cases in the world being 3.76 million as of early march. The mortality till now is 7.11% .The cases have been increasing since its first discovery in China. In India also the number has been increased. Till now India has total of 39,980 cases and mortality is attributed to be 3.26%. As per data from Ministry of health and family welfare (MoHFW) death is more commonly seen in males with age >60years. Among these most of the deaths were related to other co-morbid conditions. This article will help the readers with an overview of novel Coronavirus spanning around the clinical features, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies and infection control measures. It will also help in raising awareness among healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 and aid in early recognition of these patients. Moreover, this review will also focus on the most recent information for the effective management, prevention, and treatment of patients worldwide.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic – a literature review for clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Welma Lubbe ◽  
Elina Botha ◽  
Hannakaisa Niela-Vilen ◽  
Penny Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
New Information ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Skin To Skin

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting normal life globally, every area of life is touched. The pandemic demands quick action and as new information emerges, reliable synthesises and guidelines for care are urgently needed. Breastfeeding protects mother and child; its health benefits are undisputed and based on evidence. To plan and support breastfeeding within the current pandemic, two areas need to be understood: 1) the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 as it applies to breastfeeding and 2) the protective properties of breastfeeding, including the practice of skin-to-skin care. This review aims to summarise how to manage breastfeeding during COVID-19. The summary was used to create guidelines for healthcare professionals and mothers. Methods Current publications on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic were reviewed to inform guidelines for clinical practice. Results Current evidence states that the Coronavirus is not transmitted via breastmilk. Breastfeeding benefits outweigh possible risks during the COVID-19 pandemic and may even protect the infant and mother. General infection control measures should be in place and adhered to very strictly. Conclusions Breastfeeding should be encouraged, mothers and infant dyads should be cared for together, and skin-to-skin contact ensured throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. If mothers are too ill to breastfeed, they should still be supported to express their milk, and the infant should be fed by a healthy individual. Guidelines, based on this current evidence, were produced and can be distributed to health care facilities where accessible information is needed.

Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Isolation of Meropenem High-Level-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn J. Eagye ◽  
Joseph L. Kuti ◽  
David P. Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
High Level

Objective.To determine risk factors and outcomes for patients with meropenem high–level-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥ 32 μg/mL).Design.Case-control-control.Setting.An 867-bed urban, teaching hospital.Patients.Fifty-eight MRPA case patients identified from an earlier P. aeruginosa study; 125 randomly selected control patients with meropenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa (MSPA) (MIC ≤ 4 μg/mL), and 57 control patients without P. aeruginosa (sampled by case date/location).Methods.Patient data, outcomes, and costs were obtained via administrative database. Cases were compared to each control group while controlling for time at risk (days between admission and culture, or entire length of stay [LOS] for patients without P. aeruginosa).Results.A multivariable model predicted risks for MRPA versus MSPA (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): more admissions (in the prior 12 months) (1.41 [1.15, 1.74]), congestive heart failure (2.19 [1.03, 4.68]), and Foley catheter (2.53 [1.18, 5.45]) (adj. R2 = 0.28). For MRPA versus no P. aeruginosa, risks were age (in 5-year increments) (1.17 [1.03, 1.33]), more prior admissions (1.40 [1.08, 1.81]), and more days in the intensive care unit (1.10 [1.03, 1.18]) (adj. R2 = 0.32). Other invasive devices (including mechanical ventilation) and previous antibiotic use (including carbapenems) were nonsignificant. MRPA mortality (31%) did not differ from that of MSPA (15%) when adjusted for time at risk (P = .15) but did from mortality without P. aeruginosa (9%) (P = .01 ). Median LOS and costs were greater for MRPA patients versus MSPA patients and patients without P. aeruginosa: 30 days versus 16 and 10 (P < .01 ) and $88,425 versus $28,620 and $22,605 (P <.01).Conclusions.Although antibiotic use has been shown to promote resistance, our data found that prior antibiotic use was not associated with MRPA acquisition. However, admission frequency and Foley catheters were, suggesting that infection control measures are essential to reducing MRPA transmission.

scholarly journals Covid-19 e pratiche postnatali: una moderna parabola

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
Riccardo Davanzo ◽  
Fabio Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Hospital Practices ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
Mother To Child

Early in the Covid-19 pandemic maternity hospital practices were jeopardized by guidelines produced by scientific societies to reduce the risk of mother to child transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to a minimum. Subsequent research has documented that skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room, feeding directly to the breast and rooming-in can be considered safe, if infection control measures are concurrently applied. Professionals should not forget the proven benefits of breastfeeding and the importance of early mother-baby relationship whenever taking decisions that might hinder these practices.

Coronavirus: Towards controlling of the pandemic - Indian scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Latika kothari ◽  
Sanskruti Wadatkar ◽  
Roshni Taori ◽  
Pavan Bajaj ◽  
Diksha Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable infection caused by the novel coronavirus resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV). It was recognized to be a health crisis for the general population of international concern on 30th January 2020 and conceded as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. India is taking various measures to fight this invisible enemy by adopting different strategies and policies. To stop the COVID-19 from spreading, the Home Affairs Ministry and the health ministry, of India, has issued the nCoV 19 guidelines on travel. Screening for COVID-19 by asking questions about any symptoms, recent travel history, and exposure. India has been trying to get testing kits available. The government of India has enforced various laws like the social distancing, Janata curfew, strict lockdowns, screening door to door to control the spread of novel coronavirus. In this pandemic, innovative medical treatments are being explored, and a proper vaccine is being hunted to deal with the situation. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the current situation. Thus, this review illustrates and explains the criteria provided by the government of India to the awareness of the public to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Eye in COVID-19: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mohsin Ali ◽  
Qudsia Anwar Dar ◽  
Zahid Kamal ◽  
Alishba Khan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Ocular Manifestation ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Infection Control Measures

This is a brief review covering the currently available literature on ocular manifestations of COVID-19, andprevention strategies for ophthalmologists. A literature search was carried out of Pubmed, Google Scholar andWHO database of publications on COVID. Keywords used in the search were eye, ocular manifestations,ophthalmology, COVID-19, nCoV-2019, and coronavirus disease. All available articles were reviewed and thosepertinent to the study topic were included. Considering the dearth of information available, ophthalmology journals were also searched separately for relevant articles. Major ocular manifestation of COVID reported in literature is red eye, which usually presents before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Since the eye can be a possible transmission route for SARS-CoV-2, infection control measures should be undertaken by ophthalmologists, including use of personal protection equipment and eye/face covering. A framework for structuring ophthalmological services during the COVID pandemic is also presented in this review.

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