scholarly journals Comparison of Two Novel Methods for Sink Drain Disinfection

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s180-s180
Author(s):  
Muhammed Fawwaz Haq ◽  
Lucas Jones ◽  
Natalia Pinto Herrera ◽  
Jennifer Cadnum ◽  
Philip Carling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Background: Sink drainage systems are a potential reservoir for the dissemination of gram-negative bacilli but are not amenable to standard methods of cleaning and disinfection. Pouring liquid disinfectants down drains has only a limited and transient effect on drain colonization, presumably due to inadequate disinfectant contact time and suboptimal penetration into areas harboring biofilm-associated organisms. Methods: We compared the antimicrobial efficacy of 2 novel sink disinfection methods intended to enhance disinfectant contact time and penetration. Healthcare facility sinks were randomly assigned to disinfection with 300 mL hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant applied either as a foam (N = 13 sinks) or instilled for 30 minutes behind a temporary obstruction created by an inflated urinary catheter balloon (N = 12 sinks). Swabs were used to collect quantitative cultures from the proximal sink drain to depth of 2.5 cm (1 inch) below the strainer before treatment and at 15 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare the efficacy of the 2 treatments. Results: As shown in Fig. 1, both methods yielded an initial reduction of >3 log10 CFU of gram-negative bacilli. Over the 7-day follow-up period, disinfectant instillation resulted in significantly greater reduction than the foam application (P < .01). Recovery of sink colonization to >2 log per swab occurred at day 3 for both treatments, whereas recovery to >3 log per swab occurred on day 3 for the foam treatment versus day 7 for disinfectant instillation. Conclusions: Two novel disinfection methods were effective in reducing sink drain colonization for several days. The instillation method was more effective than the foam method in maintaining reductions over 7 days.Funding: NoneDisclosures: NoneDisclosures: NoneFunding: None

scholarly journals Dental arch effects after early and later timed cervical headgear treatment—a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-630
Author(s):  
Johanna Julku ◽  
Matti Hannula ◽  
Kirsi Pirilä-Parkkinen ◽  
Mimmi Tolvanen ◽  
Pertti Pirttiniemi
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
T1 And T2

Summary Background Cervical headgear (CH) is a commonly used orthodontic appliance and its dentoalveolar changes are known. However, the effects related to gender and timing have gained less attention. Objectives To examine dimensions of dental arches among children with Class II occlusion without posterior mandibular rotation according to timing of Kloehn-type CH treatment. Trial design Prospective, randomized, parallel-group controlled trial. Methods Sixty-seven seven-year-old children with a Class II occlusion were included in the study. The children were randomized into two equal-size groups in 1:1 ratio by sealed-envelope randomization. The early group (EG, n = 33) was treated between T0 and T1 (26 months), right after eruption of the first maxillary molars. The late group (LG, n = 34) was treated between T1 and T2 (24 months). The children were treated with CH until normal Class I occlusion on first molars was achieved. Impressions for dental casts were taken from all participants at T0, T1, and T2. Blinding was applicable for outcome assessors. Changes in dental cast measurements were compared between the groups and genders using t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Of the children, 56 completed the study. The maxillary arch length and the transversal changes between the upper canines and upper first molars were significantly increased in EG at T0−T1 (P < 0.001). At T2, the transversal dimension between the upper first molars was larger (P < 0.05), and in the lower arch the mandibular arch length (P < 0.05) and the transversal dimension between the lower first molars (P < 0.01) were increased in EG males compared to LG males. No harms were encountered. Conclusions The male gender benefits most from early timing of the CH treatment, showing larger dimensions at the end of the follow-up. The results clearly indicated a wider and longer upper dental arch and spontaneous expansion of the lower dental arch after treatment. Clinical Registration NCT02010346.

scholarly journals Asymmetric dental arch treatment with Forsus fatigue appliances: Long-term results

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akın ◽  
Emire Aybuke Erdur ◽  
Onur Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Digital Dental Models

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the treatment efficacy and follow-up stability of the asymmetric Forsus appliance by evaluating longitudinal changes in dental arch asymmetry on digital dental models from 21 patients. Materials and Methods: Maxillary and mandibular reference lines were used for measurements of intra-arch asymmetry at pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and 4.2 years after treatment (T3). Maxillary and mandibular measurements were performed relative to the dental midline and anterior reference line on digital dental models. To determine the amount of asymmetry between the Class I and Class II sides of a given arch, all maxillary and mandibular parameters were measured on each side of the model separately. Repeated-measures analysis of variance/paired sample t-tests were performed to evaluate dental arch asymmetries at the P &lt; .05 level. Results: The alveolar transverse dimensions of the posterior segment of both arches were increased during treatment (P &lt; .05) and remained stable during the retention period. Class II subdivision malocclusion was caused by distal positioning of the mandibular canine, premolars, and first molar on the Class II side (P &lt; .05). Asymmetry was resolved by treatment with asymmetric Forsus appliances. The resolved asymmetry remained stable over the long term. There were no significant differences between T2 and T3 (P &gt; .05). Conclusions: The asymmetric Forsus appliance can be used to treat dental arch asymmetry in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusions.

Outcomes of Expanded Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Group for Mild-Stage Dementia: Four-Month Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-735
Author(s):  
Daniel Kim-wan Young ◽  
Petrus Yat-nam Ng ◽  
Daphne Cheng ◽  
Timothy Kwok ◽  
Shuyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

Purposes: This research aims to report the results of a 4-month follow-up study of an expanded cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) group that combines CST and Tai Chi on improving the cognitive abilities of community-dwelling Chinese elderly with mild-stage dementia (EwMD). Methods: Two-group pretest–posttest design was adopted in this study, involving 101 Chinese community-dwelling EwMD who had completed an expanded CST group conducted at a local elderly center. Cognitive abilities of the EwMD were assessed by standardized assessment tools at pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and the 4-month point after completion of treatment (T3). Results: The repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that after completing the expanded CST group, the improved cognitive abilities of participants could be maintained up to 4 months after the completion of treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that treatment effects of the expanded CST group could be maintained up to 4 months after completion of treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: 30-month Follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL de Geus ◽  
E Fernández ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Dental Prophylaxis ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Objective: This clinical study evaluated the color longevity after 30 months of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: Sixty patients, 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers, were subjected to bleaching with 10% CP (Whiteness Perfect–FGM) for three hours daily for three weeks. The color was measured at baseline and at one month and 30 months after the completion of dental bleaching using the shade guide Vita classical organized by value (ΔSGU) and the shade guide Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. At the 30-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. Data from color evaluation were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test for the contrast of means (α=0.05). Results: Twenty-one smokers and 22 nonsmokers attended the 30 month recall. For both shade guides, only the main factor of assessment time was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). Effective whitening was observed in both groups at the baseline, which was stable at one month. However, color rebound was observed after 30 months for both groups of participants when color was measured before and after dental prophylaxis. Conclusion: Thirty months after at-home bleaching with 10% CP gel, dental darkening was detected in both groups, which cannot be solely attributed to stains caused by extrinsic staining from daily food, drinks, and smoke (in smokers).

scholarly journals Hopelessness and Low Social and Occupational Functioning are Associated with Non-Recovery from Depression—Results of a 6-Year Follow-Up Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMPsy.S768
Author(s):  
Heimo Viinamäki ◽  
Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen ◽  
Kirsi Honkalampi ◽  
Kaisa Haatainen ◽  
Tommi Tolmunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Poor Recovery ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Depressive Patients

Objective The aim of this study was to explore variables associated with poor recovery from depression. Method A sample of depressive patients (n = 121) referred to treatment was followed prospectively for 6 years. Clinical evaluations were done at baseline and at 6 month, 1, 2 and 6 years study visits. A diagnosis of major depression based on SCID interview at 6 year and high BDI score along follow-up indicated poor recovery. A diagnosis of full remission at 6 year and low BDI score during follow-up indicated good recovery. Results Chronic depression was found in 15% of patients. A repeated measures analysis of variance of HDRS-, SCL-90, hopelessness (HS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) scores showed that those with poor recovery had recovered poorly also according these scales during the whole follow-up. Treatment factors did not associate with recovery. Logistic regression analyses revealed an independent association between poor recovery at 6 year and both high HS- and low SOFAS scores at 12 months, 24 months and 6 year assessments. Conclusions Assessment of hopelessness and social and occupational functioning help to early identify high-risk patients who would be in need for more individually tailored treatments.

scholarly journals No difference in learning retention in manikin-based simulation based on role

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Giuliano ◽  
Marion McGregor DC
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Learning Retention ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Data Points

Objective: We evaluated learning retention in interns exposed to simulation. It was hypothesized that learning would degrade after 6 months and there would be a difference in retention between interns who played a critical role versus those who did not. Methods: A total of 23 groups of 5 to 9 interns underwent a cardiac scenario twice during 1 simulation experience and again 6 months later. We captured 69 recordings (23 before debrief at baseline [PrDV], 23 after debrief at baseline [PoDV], and 23 at 6-month follow-up [FUV]). Students were assigned different roles, including the critical role of “doctor” in a blinded, haphazard fashion. At 6-month follow-up, 12 interns who played the role of doctor initially were assigned that role again, while 11 interns who played noncritical roles initially were newly assigned to doctor. All videos of intern performance were scored independently and in a blinded fashion, by 3 judges using a 15-item check list. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance for interns completing all 3 time points indicated a significant difference between time points (F2,22 = 112, p = .00). Contrasts showed a statistically significant difference between PrDV and PoDV (p = .00), and PrDV and FUV (p = .00), but no difference between PoDV and FUV (p = .98). This was consistent with results including all data points. Checklist scores were more than double for PoDV recordings (16) and FUV (15), compared to PrDV recordings (6.6). Follow-up scores comparing old to new doctors showed no statistically significant difference (15.4 vs 15.2 respectively, t21 = 0.26, p = .80, d = .11). Conclusions: Learning retention was maintained regardless of role.

Pregnancy decision-making in women with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. e832-e839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Portaccio ◽  
Lucia Moiola ◽  
Vittorio Martinelli ◽  
Pietro Annovazzi ◽  
Angelo Ghezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Disease Reactivation

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of disease reactivation during pregnancy after natalizumab suspension in women with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsData of all pregnancies occurring between 2009 and 2015 in patients with MS treated with natalizumab and referring to 19 participating sites were collected and compared with those of pregnancies in untreated patients and patients treated with injectable immunomodulatory agents through a 2-factor repeated measures analysis. Predictors of disease activity were assessed through stepwise multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 92 pregnancies were tracked in 83 women receiving natalizumab. Among these pregnancies, 74 in 70 women resulted in live births, with a postpartum follow-up of at least 1 year, and were compared with 350 previously published pregnancies. Relapse rate during and after pregnancy was higher in women treated with natalizumab (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, longer natalizumab washout period was the only predictor of relapse occurrence during pregnancy (p = 0.001). Relapses in the postpartum year were related to relapses during pregnancy (p = 0.019) and early reintroduction of disease-modifying drugs (DMD; p = 0.021). Disability progression occurred in 16.2% of patients and was reduced by early reintroduction of DMD (p = 0.024).ConclusionsTaken as a whole, our findings indicate that the combination of avoiding natalizumab washout and the early resumption of DMD after delivery could be the best option in the perspective of maternal risk. This approach must take into account possible fetal risks that need to be discussed with the mother and require further investigation.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class IV evidence that in women with MS, the risk of relapses during pregnancy is higher in those who had been using natalizumab as compared to those who had been using interferon-β or no treatment.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Intravitreal Conbercept for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Mao ◽  
Caiyun Zhang ◽  
Chenyi Liu ◽  
Lijun Shen ◽  
Jimeng Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Full Resolution ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Clinical Study ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conbercept for patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods. A retrospective clinical study. Thirty-one patients (35 eyes) with chronic CSC were given intravitreal injections of conbercept and followed up for at least 6 months. Observed indicators included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF). Serial changes in BCVA and CMT were analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results. During the 6-month follow-up, the mean number of injections required and performed was 1.77 ± 0.60. The logMAR BCVA was 0.48 ± 0.26 at the baseline, 0.34 ± 0.26, 0.30 ± 0.26, 0.27 ± 0.26, 0.24 ± 0.26, and 0.23 ± 0.26 at 2-week and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups, respectively (F = 27.173, P<0.05). CMT was 313.74 ± 144.51 μm at the baseline and decreased to 263.49 ± 120.44 μm, 225.91 ± 91.98 μm, 195.77 ± 66.69 μm, 189.74 ± 65.41 μm, and 199.49 ± 81.50 μm at 2-week and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups, respectively (F = 18.093, P<0.05). Full resolution of SRF was achieved in 8 (22.9%) eyes at 1 month, 16 (45.7%) eyes at 2 months, 22 (62.9%) eyes at 3 months, and 27 (77.1%) eyes at 6 months after the initial treatment of anti-VEGF injection. No severe adverse event was noted relevant to the therapy. Conclusions. Intravitreal injection of conbercept may effectively reduce the CMT and improve the BCVA in chronic CSC in a short term of 6 months.

scholarly journals There Is No Place Like Home: A Survey on Satisfaction and Reported Outcomes of a Home-Based Rehabilitation Program Among Orthopedic Surgery Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715-1723
Author(s):  
Roni Gagin ◽  
Neta HaGani ◽  
Itay Levy ◽  
Doron Norman
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Physical Support ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

Background: Home-based rehabilitation (HBR) was previously found to be associated with positive outcomes that are equal to inpatient rehabilitation. Few studies have examined the challenges patients are facing during rehabilitation and recovery and their satisfaction from HBR. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the overall satisfaction and reported outcomes of HBR. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted among 146 orthopedic surgery patients who participated in an HBR program, at the end of the HBR and 6 months after. The questionnaire included information about level of independence, satisfaction from HBR, and difficulties during HBR. Findings: The overall satisfaction was high (73.1%). Patients reported on improvements in level of independence between the time of hospital discharge, the end of the program ( P = .0001), and the 6 months follow-up ( P = .004). Long wait for beginning of HBR, being a widower, and residing in a facility or with a nonfamilial caregiver were associated significantly with less general well-being and independence. The repeated measures analysis showed age lower than 71 and private health insurance ownership were associated with a better recovery. The most common difficulties reported were physical difficulties, lack of function, and caregivers’ burden. Conclusions: Patients and families need more emotional, social, and physical support during HBR. The increase in health services delivered in community settings requires a more clear-cut policy and supervision for HBR and the follow-up services.

scholarly journals Stability of maxillary interincisor diastema closure after extraction orthodontic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-633
Author(s):  
Marcos J. Carruitero ◽  
Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo ◽  
Daniela Garib ◽  
Guilherme Janson
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the stability of maxillary interincisor diastema closure and the relationship between space relapse and interincisor diastema width, overjet, overbite, angulations between adjacent maxillary anterior teeth and presence of intermaxillary osseous cleft after orthodontic treatment with extractions. Materials and Methods Twenty-four individuals with a maxillary interincisor diastema pretreatment, treated with maxillary first premolar extractions were evaluated. Dental casts and panoramic radiographs taken at pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and posttreatment follow-up (T3) were assessed. Periapical radiographs at T1 and T2 were also evaluated. Diastema relapse was assumed when T3-T2 interincisor space change was greater than zero. Diastema relapse was considered clinically significant when it was at least 0.50 mm. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey tests or Friedman followed by Wilcoxon tests. T-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analyses were also performed. Results No statistically significant relapse of maxillary interincisor diastemas was found. The percentage of clinically significant relapse of the maxillary interincisor diastemas was 27.78%. Specifically, for the interincisor midline diastema, it was 8.33%. Conclusions Maxillary interincisor diastema closure showed no statistically significant relapse after orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions. Clinically significant stability for maxillary interincisor diastema closure was 72.22% and, specifically, for interincisor midline diastema closure, it was 91.67%.

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